Northeast China plays an important role in food production and ecological conservation in China. Changes of wetness accompanying with global climate change could have significant impacts on food security and ecosystem health in the area. In this paper, the long-term trends of the aridity index are detected using Mann-Kendall approach for the period 1971-2008. The results of the trend test show that there was an insignificant increase of the aridity index in the region. To explore the cause of the trend, the sensitivity coefficients of aridity index in relation to climate factors including precipitation, temperature, vapor pressure, solar radiation and wind speed were calculated based on the Penman-Monteith method. It is shown that the coefficients related to actual vapor pressure were only slightly lower than those of precipitation, followed by those of temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. The sensitivity of aridity index to temperature decreased from south to north of Northeast China, while that for vapor pressure and solar radiation was largest in the eastern part of the region and the Changbai Mountains respectively. Under the impacts of climate change, the sensitivity coefficients related to temperature, wind speed and solar radiation increased, while the coefficient related to actual vapor pressure decreased. During the past 40 years, the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation were the main reasons for increased aridity index, but increased vapor pressure, decreased solar radiation and wind speed had alleviated the increase of drought risk in the region.
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