深圳市近20年城市景观格局演变及其驱动因素

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190539

Abstract

Abstract:

Since China's reform and opening up, Shenzhen has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic changes in landscape patterns. On the basis of the land use dataset of Shenzhen city from 1996 to 2015, this study utilized landscape metrics, transition matrix and, expansion index to detect the spatiotemporal changes of urban landscape pattern, which analyzed the trend of landscape transfer and urban expansion. Also the major driving forces for landscape pattern changes on municipal and district scales were identified through the Binary Logit regression model. The results showed that: (1) the dominance of construction land landscape in Shenzhen gradually increased during the study period, with the construction land increasing by 15.81%, which occupied a large area of woodland (157.59 km2). The edge-expansion and infilling are the two main growth types of newly developed urban land, accounting for 61.19% and 36.27% respectively. (2) The rapid urbanization occurred from 1996 to 2006, during which landscape diversity and uniformity increased. (3) There was a low-speed urbanization transition from 2006 to 2015, during which landscape fragmentation intensified. The boundaries of the built-up areas became complex. However, due to the influence of land policy and red line of ecological protection, the rate of urban expansion slowed down. The pattern of urban expansion was mainly west-oriented, with the center continuing to shift northwards. (4) On the municipal scale, the GDP density and population density had a significant positive impact on the evolution of landscape pattern, while the ecological control line, elevation, slope and the distance to the road had a significant negative impact. The driving factors had the difference in scale and region, with GDP in Baoan, Nanshan and Pingshan districts, population growth in Baoan and Longhua districts, and traffic accessibility in Dapeng and Longgang districts being the most prominent drivers, respectively. This study can provide scientific practice for landscape pattern change in the process of rapid urban expansion in China.

Key words: landscape pattern, landscape transition, landscape expansion index, driving forces, urbanization

WU Jiansheng, LUO Keyu, ZHAO Yuhao. The evolution of urban landscape pattern and its driving forces of Shenzhen from 1996 to 2015[J].GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(8): 1725-1738.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 4

Fig. 6

Tab. 5

Parameters and tests of Binary Logit regression models"

	深圳区		宝安区		大鹏新区		福田区		光明区		龙岗区		龙华区		罗湖区		南山区		坪山区		盐田区
	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值	系数	P值
常数项	1.715262	0.000	-1.164249	0.143	4.261677	0.051	-10.056060	0.262	2.886854	0.010	4.261600	0.000	0.500071	0.677	1.631017	0.551	4.987378	0.001	-2.166807	0.244	1.079330	0.864
GDP密度	0.000049	0.000	0.000128	0.000	0.000035	0.643	-0.000276	0.258	0.000006	0.903	0.000006	0.722	0.000001	0.969	0.000030	0.827	0.000143	0.031	0.000091	0.024	-0.000150	0.452
人口密度	0.000652	0.096	0.002423	0.019	0.002319	0.446	0.021365	0.125	0.000822	0.671	-0.001277	0.121	0.003953	0.002	-0.005364	0.165	-0.012242	0.000	0.002201	0.275	0.012548	0.075
生态控制线	-0.202301	0.000	-0.139287	0.004	0.155235	0.201	-0.592863	0.065	-0.154320	0.006	-0.265578	0.000	-0.295552	0.000	0.187390	0.383	-0.383631	0.001	-0.134058	0.055	-0.329009	0.481
高程	-0.007599	0.000	-0.005788	0.007	-0.023706	0.000	-0.026796	0.204	-0.006354	0.250	-0.013953	0.000	-0.011181	0.002	-0.013120	0.003	-0.020943	0.000	-0.017451	0.000	-0.025301	0.001
坡度	-0.123176	0.000	-0.142193	0.000	-0.059052	0.038	-0.133312	0.171	-0.157702	0.000	-0.142611	0.000	-0.093219	0.000	-0.053011	0.108	-0.097448	0.002	-0.079402	0.003	-0.134423	0.010
至水库、湖泊距离	0.000002	0.769	0.000005	0.789	-0.000304	0.001	0.000339	0.330	-0.000099	0.005	-0.000003	0.859	-0.000019	0.663	0.000153	0.398	0.000194	0.046	0.000133	0.165	0.000527	0.074
至河流水系距离	-0.000018	0.392	0.000144	0.018	-0.000416	0.001	-0.000330	0.483	-0.000126	0.155	-0.000048	0.478	0.000241	0.025	0.001081	0.041	-0.000068	0.641	-0.000138	0.114	-0.000285	0.563
至铁路、轻轨距离	-0.000053	0.000	0.000085	0.106	-0.000090	0.021	0.001789	0.248	-0.000095	0.187	-0.000251	0.000	-0.000031	0.613	-0.001013	0.004	-0.000033	0.851	0.000307	0.000	-0.000375	0.359
至公路距离	-0.000151	0.000	0.000095	0.276	-0.001015	0.001	-0.001584	0.097	-0.000449	0.000	-0.000251	0.010	-0.000239	0.217	0.000386	0.486	-0.000024	0.880	0.000066	0.671	0.000696	0.219
至街道居委会距离	-0.031493	0.180	0.036157	0.507	0.253103	0.196	-0.215321	0.622	0.077001	0.442	-0.013348	0.801	-0.073638	0.232	0.085024	0.735	0.107835	0.386	0.050566	0.613	-1.060136	0.096
LRstatistic	2449		696		310		63		257		695		328		53		241		375		88
P值(LR-statistic)	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
ROC	0.8449		0.8481		0.8472		0.9135		0.8438		0.8253		0.8091		0.8114		0.8590		8.8612		0.8664

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

References 22

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景观格局指数	指标名称	指标意义
CA	斑块类型面积,单位：hm2	反映景观中优势斑块类型。
PLAND	斑块类型所占景观面积的比例,单位：%	反映景观面积的比例
NP	斑块个数,单位：个	反映景观异质性和破碎度。
PD	斑块密度,单位：个/100 hm²	斑块数量特征,反映景观异质性和破碎度。PD值越大,表明景观斑块破碎度越大。
ED	边缘密度,单位：m/hm2	表征景观被边界分割的程度,ED值越大,表明斑块形状越复杂,景观被边界分割的程度越高。
AREA_MN	平均斑块面积,单位：hm2	表征景观的破碎化程度,值减小说明景观的破碎化程度上升,反之则下降。
AI	聚集度指数	反映景观要素的聚集程度。AI的取值范围为[0, 100]。当AI接近于100时,斑块聚集越紧密,景观内部以少量大斑块为主或者斑块高度相连;当AI趋近于0时,景观中斑块离散程度越大,该类型景观由越多离散的小斑块组成。
PAFRAC	周长面积分维数	反映形状的复杂性,其值范围为[1, 2],PAFRAC接近于1表明景观边界形状非常简单,如正方形,接近于2表明边界形状非常复杂。
SHDI	香农多样性指数	体现景观水平复杂程度,斑块丰富度越大或不同斑块面积分布越均匀时,SHDI值越大。
SHEI	香农均匀度指数	表征城市土地利用的均质性的强弱。SHEI取值范围为[0, 1],SHEI越接近1表明斑块类型分布越均匀,多样性越强;SHEI趋于0时,景观分布极不均匀,优势斑块控制度强。

变量类别	变量	单位
社会经济	GDP密度	万元/km²
	人口密度	万人/km²
土地政策	基本生态控制线	-
自然条件	高程	m
	坡度	°
	至水库、湖泊的距离	m
	至河流水系的距离	m
可达性	至铁路、轻轨的距离	m
	至公路的距离	m
局地邻近	距离居街道居委会距离	m

景观类型	CA(km2)					PLAND(%)
景观类型	1996年	2000年	2006年	2010年	2015年	1996年	2000年	2006年	2010年	2015年
耕地	70.68	90.75	50.39	43.85	50.41	3.61	4.63	2.54	2.20	2.51
园地	221.19	185.22	269.73	236.83	207.86	11.28	9.44	13.76	11.87	10.39
林地	736.02	571.96	581.57	586.62	578.43	37.52	29.03	29.68	29.41	28.92
草地	4.16	5.33	10.26	32.88	25.03	0.21	0.27	0.52	1.65	1.25
建筑用地	502.55	461.54	774.37	752.35	828.70	25.62	23.48	39.51	37.72	41.43
交通用地	27.17	78.97	91.83	88.29	100.44	1.39	4.02	4.69	4.43	5.02
水域	230.64	226.82	172.56	167.56	157.64	11.76	11.56	8.80	8.40	7.88
其他未利用地	169.08	334	9.06	86.09	51.60	8.62	17.02	0.46	4.32	2.58

时期	飞地式(km²)	蔓延式(km²)	填充式(km²)	总计(km²)	占比(%)
1996—2000年	8.29	139.23	51.05	198.57	23.18
2000—2006年	7.24	252.57	166.58	426.39	49.78
2006—2010年	4.45	76.37	53.69	134.51	15.71
2010—2015年	1.78	55.90	39.37	97.05	11.33
总计	21.76	524.07	310.69	856.52	100.00
占比(%)	2.54	61.19	36.27	100.00

变量	深圳区	宝安区	大鹏新区	福田区	光明区	龙岗区	龙华区	罗湖区	南山区	坪山区	盐田区
GDP密度	★	★	○	○	○	○	○	○	★	★	○
人口密度	★	★	○	○	○	○	★	○	☆	○	○
生态控制线	☆	☆	○	☆	☆	☆	☆	○	☆	☆	★
高程	☆	☆	☆	○	○	☆	☆	☆	☆	☆	☆
坡度	☆	☆	☆	○	☆	☆	☆	○	☆	☆	☆
至水库、湖泊距离	○	○	☆	○	☆	○	○	○	★	○	★
至河流水系距离	○	★	☆	○	○	○	★	★	○	○	○
至铁路、轻轨距离	☆	○	☆	○	○	☆	○	☆	○	★	○
至公路距离	☆	○	☆	☆	☆	☆	○	○	○	○	○
至街道居委会距离	○	○	☆	○	○	○	★	○	★	○	☆

The evolution of urban landscape pattern and its driving forces of Shenzhen from 1996 to 2015

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