In recent years, the “geographies of science and technology” has drawn sustained scholarly attention, with researchers exploring the intricate connections between scientific knowledge and geography by examining the space of scientific practices and the contextuality of knowledge circulation. This research orientation is based on the localist of the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and the interpretive path of critical historical geography, extends geographical perspective into the spatial dimensions of science / knowledge ontology, highlighting the research potential to recognize the intricate dynamics of “power-space-knowledge” in the modern world. Tracing its origins, the intellectual foundations and academic characteristics of this field are closely tied to the emergence of the “Historical Geography of Science” in the 1990s. Although existing studies have not systematically unveiled the academic trajectory of this field's early development, it is precisely the critical turn in historical geography itself that has triggered the deconstruction and reflection on “meta-narratives” of history, which has also provided an opportunity for the integration and development of geography and the sociology of scientific knowledge. This interplay laid the theoretical and methodological foundation for the Historical Geography of Science. This article examines the intellectual trajectory and theoretical evolution of this field, offering insights into the interplay between scientific knowledge and geography while providing guidance for future research.

This article constructs a mid-to-high-end manufacturing industry global production network utilizing the global value chain decomposition framework and inter-country input-output tables from OECD to analyze its structural features and determinants. Analysis results indicate that the mid-to-high-end manufacturing industry global production network is sparse and dominated by a few core countries, exhibiting strong reciprocity and agglomeration, which can be clearly divided into three major communities: Europe, America and Asia. From 1995 to 2018, the core countries of the three communities gradually shifted from Germany, America and Japan to Germany, America and China. Besides, based on the establishment of bilateral production linkages, this article analyzes the determinants of its formation and evolution by combining supply chain network formation theory and exponential random graph model. The research results indicate that: (1) Trade gravity model can still explain the establishment of bilateral production linkages. The larger mid-to-high-end manufacturing industrial scale two countries holds, the more likely they will cooperate with each other; The higher the iceberg cost between two countries, the less likely they will cooperate. (2) The stronger the scientific power of a country, the more likely it is to become an exporter, and the less likely to become an importer. (3) Improvement of marginal labor cost, labor quality and wage will reduce the possibility of participating in the mid-to-high-end manufacturing global production network for a country. (4) Cascading effect of network will affect the formation of production network, and recursive and intricate structure of production relationships between upstream suppliers will affect the establishment of downstream production relationships.

As China's population flows towards megacities and urban agglomerations, population shrinkage (PS) has become an actual challenge that many small and medium-sized cities (SMSCs) have to face directly. However, most of the existing studies treat SMSCs as a homogeneous whole, and comparative analyses of PS in different types of SMSCs need to be strengthened. Based on this, this study used data from the 2010 and 2020 censuses to analyze the spatial characteristics of PS in city-town-rural areas of SMSCs, and identify the influencing factors affecting PS of SMSCs through Elastic Net regression. The study finds that: (1) the PS of SMSCs occurred in towns and rural areas outside urban areas, with 43.2% and 96.2% of SMSCs experiencing PS in towns and rural areas, respectively. (2) SMSCs' PS has significant difference in urban scales, and the degree of PS in SMSCs increased with the downscaling of city size. (3) The spatial distribution of PS in city-town-rural areas are different - the PS in city area is observed in the three provinces of Northeast China and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, the PS in town area shows the characteristics of “large dispersion and small concentration”, and the PS in rural areas is widely spread in the vast majority of SMSCs. (4) The influencing factors of PS in SMSCs are diversified, and their effects are different according to the scale level, administrative level and regional distribution of the city. This study is conducive to the exploration of urban development laws in the era of negative population growth, and can provide valuable references to guide the optimal layout of the urban system in the new development stage and promote the high-quality development of SMSCs.

In the era of knowledge economy, the location selection of cultural and creative talents tends to be diversified, and traditional regional factors are difficult to explain their flow mechanism well. Amenity theory provides a new perspective for this. Using Gephi social network analysis and geographic detector, this study explores the mobility characteristics and influencing mechanisms of gaming talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area at different mobility scales and career stages from a amenity perspective. The results show that: (1) In the gaming industry system of the Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are the regional multifunctional centers, while Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, and Hong Kong play the role of gaming talent developers, and Macao, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing play the role of gaming talent cultivators. (2) The Greater Bay Area has a strong attraction for gaming talents who are seeking employment for the first time in both local and neighboring areas. The spatial proximity orientation of talents is significant, mainly manifested as local attachment under the continuation of academic connections and out of town transition under geographical proximity. (3) There is a strong phenomenon of level proximity circulation and diffusion in the re-employment of gaming talents. Among them, the same level circulation phenomenon of gaming talents in Shenzhen is more obvious, while the gradient diffusion effect between Guangzhou and neighboring cities is stronger. (4) The decision of gaming talents to choose a career again is a combination of personal and family choices between enterprises and cities. In the early stages of their career, they have a high frequency of mobility, but in the later stages, they show a high degree of local “embeddedness” and are relatively less constrained by geographical space. Their mobility can be divided into two categories: life mobility and career mobility, with the latter mostly occurring between large enterprises. (5) The influence of amenity on gaming talents at different scales and career stages is heterogeneous. Talents are more sensitive to amenity when they move across the country, and have a stronger preference for amenity when they choose a career again. The influence of amenity factors, such as employment environment, quality of life, and healthy development, is relatively large. The impact mechanism of amenity on gaming talents can be summarized at different scales as two aspects: national mobility under the superposition of diverse needs, and Greater Bay Area mobility under the dominance of industry and supporting facilities. At different stages, the mobility can be summarized as two aspects: personal growth needs when choosing a job for the first time, and expectations for settling down and starting a career when choosing a job again.

The renovation of old residential compounds is an important issue that involves both the public and the government, which influence residents' quality of life and government decision-making. In the context of urban renewal, it is crucial to effectively integrate residents' perceptions and public participation to deepen research. To explore the government's response mode and its influencing factors under public participation, this study selected the core areas (Dongcheng district and Xicheng district) of Beijing as a case study. It employed natural language processing technology and spatial analysis methods to conduct text mining on data from Beijing's 12345 citizen hotline. The results show that: (1) The renovation of old residential compounds primarily addresses basic issues and improvements, with a notable spatial proximity effect. However, improvement-related issues are less frequent, and their spatial distribution is random, with no proximity effect. (2) Basic demands for renovation are prioritized, while the response speed to improvement-related problems is slower, with diverse methods of addressing them. (3) Differences in the types of appeals, the interests of individuals and groups, the timing of appeals, and the emotions expressed by residents are key factors affecting the government's response mode. This study provides an empirical basis and demonstration for the government to effectively promote the renovation of old residential compounds with public participation, and offers significant theoretical support for advancing people-oriented urban renewal.

Transport geography focuses on the interactions between transportation systems and geographical spaces, as well as their impacts on socioeconomic development and environmental change. In recent years, the scope and focus of transport geography have continued to expand, and new changes have taken place in its research paradigm. To promote the innovative development of transport geography, this article builds upon the discipline's connotations, characteristics and research frontiers. It conducts an interdisciplinary dialogue around four thematic sessions: Theory, Sector, Interdiscipline and Prospect. (1) The Theory session proposes that the localization and globalization of the theories and concepts of transport geography, as well as the transformation of research objects and paradigms, have become the key focuses of scholars' future research. (2) The Sector session puts forward that air transportation, maritime shipping, logistics activities and road transportation have different roles and functions for the development of transport geography. (3) The Interdiscipline session suggests that transport geography is closely related to disciplines such as spatial planning, computer science, sociology and GIS, and has the potential for interdisciplinary research. (4) The Prospect session points out the direction of transport geography in the future from the dimensions of low-altitude transportation, new transportation models, mobility and disciplinary frontiers.

Based on the data of the sixth and seventh national population censuses, this paper uses standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation and multiple linear regression model to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of population aging pattern at county level in China, to provide intellectual support for the in-depth implementation of the national strategy to actively respond to the aging population and help the high-quality development of the population. The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, elderly population at county level presents a northeast-southwest distribution, and the center of gravity of aging rate transitions from southwest to northeast. (2) There is a significant difference in population aging on both sides of the “Hu Line”, the degree of population aging in the southeast half is deepening, and the aging phenomenon in the northwest half is beginning to appear. By 2020, the geographical dividing line of the aging rate will shift counterclockwise from the “Hu-Line” to the northwest. (3) The difference between urban and rural population aging continues to be narrowed, and the growth rate of population aging in rural areas increased significantly, showing the phenomenon of urban and rural inversion. (4) The northeast region and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River became regions with rapid growth of population aging, while regions with slow growth were distributed in the Pearl River Delta, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (5) Birth rate, inflow rate, ethnic structure of population and proportion of three-generation households to total households are the main factors affecting the regional differences of population aging. Birth rate, inflow rate and living conditions have more significant effects on regional differences of aging rates in the southeast half of China, and ethnic structure has more significant effects on regional differences in the northwest half of the country. To formulate population development policies scientifically and reasonably, to curb the continuous contraction of population, to enhance the willingness to have children, and to strengthen the construction of rural old-age security system have become new measures to actively cope with population aging in the new era.

Rural population is both crucial participants and beneficiaries in rural revitalization, and changes in its quantity and structure have profound impacts on agricultural and rural development. This study, based on Chinese population census data in 2010 and 2020, categorizes rural population into linked cohort, the post-1995 cohort, the post-1985 cohort, the post-1970s cohort, and the post-1955 cohort by employing the life cycle theory. Drawing on "Thünen ring" model, it classifies county-level units into core, proximal, and peripheral types according to their distance gradients from the central cities, namely, Harbin and Changchun, so as to reveal the spatial patterns of rural population decline and its age profiles across different spatial gradients. The findings show that: (1) During 2010-2020, the rural population age structure in the Songnen Plain underwent rapid changes, evolving into its later stages and trending toward fewer children and severe aging. (2) The rural population decline shows remarkable characteristics of spatial universality and all-cohort encompassing. The rural population decline intensity across different regional types exhibits a trend of initial increase followed by a decline with advancing age. Shaped by public service accessibility and employment market stability, significant disparities exist in the decline intensity among age cohorts across regional categories. (3) The age profiles disparities in rural population decline across the Songnen Plain fundamentally stem from the interplay between spatial disparities and family life cycle dynamics. This phenomenon not only mirrors the uneven allocation of regional public service resources but also underscores the contemporary transformation of intergenerational responsibilities and its profound impacts on migration patterns.

The revitalization of historical blocks through tourism development has become crucial in promoting urban renewal due to their unique value. The texture of streets plays a significant role in interpreting the connection between tourism development and new urbanization. Taking the historical block of Zhongshan Road in Qingdao as a case study, this research delves into the spatiotemporal narrative process of three distinct stages of historical blocks. Through the lens of street morphology narratology and employing spatial syntax, the study uncovers the laws of spatial production updates in the context of tourism. The research finds that the evolution of a block from a traditional recreation area to a commercial entertainment center to a tourism commercial complex is in essence a process of gradual construction, dependence, deconstruction and reconstruction of space in the evolution process of “commercial entertainment space under power discourse, functional homogeneity space under path dependence, tourism transformation space under commercial decline, and tourism complex space under mass recreation”. This process is influenced by power dynamics and can lead to a decline in street patterns as a result of the creation of uniform, institutionalized social spaces. Tourism development promotes the restructuring of district organizations through the entry of tourists and merchants, and the influence of power capital. The rejuvenation of local culture and the reproduction of collective memory drive the revival of spatial vitality. The research expands on the quantitative analysis of spatial production theory in the context of tourism. It provides a reference value for revitalizing and sustainably developing historical blocks.

In recent years, with the prevalence of anti-globalization and trade protectionism, global trade frictions have occurred frequently, posing a threat to global economic growth. In-depth analysis of the characteristics of the global trade frictions relations and scientific assessment of their driving factors can not only help clarify the world economic pattern and trade situation, but also provide scientific basis for China to actively respond to trade frictions and promote high-level opening up. Based on the global trade frictions data from 2009 to 2022, this paper adopts GIS and complex networks to explore the evolution of the global trade frictions, and empirically analyses their driving factors using the negative binomial regression model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The intensity of global trade frictions has fluctuated, initially rising before declining, with state aid and subsidy policies being the main forms. Resource-intensive products and labor-intensive products have always been the hot spots among them. (2) The initiators are more concentrated and show the trend of high in the north while low in the south, which are absolutely dominated by the high-income countries and the upper-middle-income countries and their share fluctuates dramatically. The targets have become more dispersed, which are dominated by high-income countries and their share has a “stratified effect”. (3) Global trade frictions relations are netted into a global trade frictions network, which shows a trend of first expanding and then shrinking. Its core-periphery structure is developing steadily, and the core significantly shifts to the east, resulting in the prominent position of world's major trading countries. (4) The main drivers of the evolution of global trade frictions networks include economic development of the initiators and targets, scientific and technological level of the initiators, trade proximity, political inclination proximity, and organizational proximity.

The “production-living-ecological” spaces (PLES) are an important aspect of territorial spatial research. However, the theoretical and methodological systems for PLES evaluation remain incomplete. This paper proposes a shift in the evaluation object to the “human-land spatial system”. This approach overcomes a key limitation of traditional methods—the “land element method” and “indicator system method”—which substitute land elements or functions for the actual spatial entity. Based on these, it constructs a framework, principles, and procedures for the evaluation of PLES. Furthermore, it demonstrates the application of key theories and methods for evaluating PLES by taking the Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt as an example. This research covers the following aspects: (1) Guided by the proposed theories of the human-land and urban-rural spatial systems, this study adopts space as its physical evaluation object to analyze the structure, scale, and characteristics of PLES from the perspectives of dialectical materialism and structuralism. (2) This paper constructs a comprehensive methodology for PLES evaluation by integrating multiple theoretical foundations into a cohesive framework. The core evaluation framework is built upon the geographical paradigm of “pattern-process-mechanism-effect” and the formal logic of “ontology-extension”. Guided by the systems theory concept of “elements-structure-function”, the methodology establishes evaluation principles centered on “basic elements-fundamental structure-underlying function” “qualitative-quantitative” “region-locality-plot”, and “urban-rural” dimensions. Finally, the evaluation procedure is organized according to the philosophical “entity-attribute” view, progressing through “entity evaluation, attribute evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation”. (3) The study reveals distinct distribution patterns of PLES in the Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt. Production and living spaces are more concentrated in the east and north, with lower densities in the west and south. In contrast, ecological space is predominantly located in the southeast, with less in the northwest. These findings provide a scientific basis for future research on territorial spatial planning.

The core task of industrial geography research is to reveal the formation, evolution, and mechanisms of industrial development patterns. By applying scale thinking, industrial geography research roughly divides the real world into three geographic scale spaces: global, national, and local, and discusses their industrial geography effects from a specific scale perspective. However, due to the complexity and diversity of industrial geography processes, it is difficult to provide a systematic explanation using only one theoretical system. To compensate for this deficiency and further promote the application of scale thinking on industrial geography research, this article proposes a scaled localization model. The scaled localization model takes localization as the theoretical starting point and systematically integrates classic theories of industrial geography research, emphasizing that global, national, and local scale forces need to be localized to realize industrial geography effects. In the localization process, various types of scale forces mutually regulate and form a joint force, promoting complex and diverse industrial geography processes. This paper further employs the scaled localization model to analyze the mechanism underlying the historical restructuring of China's industrial geography. During 1978-2008, the first restructuring occurred under the combined effects of “strong global forces”, “strong local forces” and “weak national forces”, resulting in an uneven industrial geography pattern characterized by a developed eastern region and a lagging western region. During 2008-2020, there was a fundamental equilibrium among those three scale forces, significantly enhancing the inter-regional coordination in industrial development. In recent years, with the implementation of the “dual circulation” strategy, the influence of national forces has been amplified. This is expected to drive profound industrial transformation in China, ultimately shaping a multi-polar and chain-integrated spatial development pattern. In general, the scaled localization model provides theoretical support for the construction of China's industrial geography pattern in the new era by profoundly elucidating the interactive relationship between different scale forces and how they affect the evolution of China's industrial geography pattern.

Reverse population mobility is a key factor affecting the optimization of urban system and the coordinated development of regions in China. Based on the 1% National Population Sample Survey in 2015, this study explores the spatial pattern of inter-city reverse population mobility and its influencing factors in China through spatial analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression model. The main findings of the study are as follows: (1) In terms of location patterns, the sources of reverse population mobility are mainly higher-grade first-tier and new first-tier cities, especially the provincial capitals in the southeastern half of the Hu Line, while the destinations of reverse population mobility are mainly medium and lower-grade second-tier cities and below, presenting a spatial pattern of “large dispersion and small concentration”. In terms of flow pattern, large-scale and high-intensity reverse population flows mainly move from higher-grade first-tier cities or new first-tier cities to second-tier cities, and the reverse population flows moving down the city hierarchy basically conforms to the “step” pattern. (2) Among the individual-level factors, high house price, high consumption, high employment competition pressure, and high pollution play a significant role in pushing reverse population mobility, while low house price, low consumption, low employment competition pressure, low pollution, better green environment and education play a significant role in pulling reverse population mobility. The above results are not only useful for deepening the regularity understanding of the spatial pattern of reverse population mobility, but also have important policy implications for optimizing the urban system, and promoting the development of small and medium-sized cities.

As China transitions from leveraging its “demographic dividend” to harnessing a “talent dividend”, the cultivation, utilization, mobilization, and management of talent have garnered unprecedented attention. Higher education, as a critical node in the talent's mobility chain, plays a dual role—first in talent cultivation and later in talent allocation and regional innovation. Since the 1960s, the world has entered an era of rapid expansion of higher education. The migration of university students—encompassing both educational migration and employment migration—centered around the locations of universities, has become increasingly dynamic. This migration significantly promotes the spatial agglomeration of human capital across countries and regions, sparking extensive discussions on the role of higher education in shaping human capital flows. This paper reviews the existing literature on educational and employment migration, systematically elucidates the relationship between these two stages of migration, and identifies diverse patterns of human capital movement among places of origin, higher education, and employment. Focusing on the influence of higher education institutions and their regional characteristics on the spatial distribution of human capital, scholarly perspectives coalesce around two contrasting theories: the “node theory” and the “hub theory”. Moreover, this paper highlights China's unique institutional contexts and their impact on the migration of university students. Future research can integrate multidisciplinary theories and research paradigms, conduct in-depth analyses on how China's higher education institutions and their regional characteristics shape student migration, and pursue international comparative studies to further dissect the role of institutional environmental factors.

Digital consumption, as an important content and carrier of the construction of digital China, is the fulfilment of the people's need for a high quality of life, and is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of consumption and boosting economic growth. Based on the national policy planning, this paper clarifies the theoretical connotation of digital consumption and its logical mechanism, and explores the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China's provincial digital consumption development from 2016 to 2022 with the help of the ESDA method, and examines its internal obstacles and external drivers with the use of the obstacle model and the geodetector. The study found that: (1) The structural characteristics show that the development potential of the national digital consumption has been rapidly released, but there are still problems such as the exclusion of digital payment tools and the lagging growth of income from digital consumption products and services; The chronological features reflect that China's digital consumption index shows a steady upward trend year by year, but the central and western regions of the country are characterized by “low quality and high speed growth”. (2) In terms of spatial pattern, the heterogeneity of China's digital consumption development is remarkable, and it has gradually formed a “multi-center” radiation network structure with the “Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei/Yangtze River Delta/Chengdu-Chongqing” urban agglomerations as the core nodes; In terms of spatial correlation, the degree of spatial agglomeration of digital consumption development has stabilized over time amid fluctuations, and spatial dependence has increased. The localized space has formed a pattern of association, in which “homogeneous and heterogeneous features coexist”. (3) The analysis of drivers shows that narrowing the differences in industrial agglomeration, regional innovation, and digital economy development across regions is an important driver for advancing the development of digital consumption, while the interactive combination of digital economy development and urban-rural income disparity is a key driver. This study has implications for synergistically enhancing the development of digital consumption and broadening the new space for economic growth.

In recent years, the efficiency of remote sensing scene image classification has significantly improved with the application of deep learning techniques. However, most of these methods heavily rely on pre-trained weights, and their performance may degrade without them. To address this issue, this paper proposes a three-branch fusion algorithm (EMA_ConvNeXt_Swin Transformer: ECST model), which integrates the Swin Transformer and ConvNeXt while incorporating an Efficient Multi-scale Attention (EMA) module after each fusion stage to enhance global contextual features, whereas the ConvNeXt branch specializes in extracting local spatial features. A dedicated fusion module is designed to refine and integrate the outputs of these two branches. The subsequent EMA module further establishes long-range dependencies in the spatial domain, enhancing the global contextual representation of the feature maps and facilitating richer feature aggregation. Experiments were conducted on two benchmark datasets, NWPU-RESISC45 and AID, achieving classification accuracies of 91.25% and 90.9%, respectively. To comprehensively evaluate the proposed model, two comparative experiments were designed: A comparison with classical deep learning models (AlexNet, VGG, Vision Transformer, ConvNeXt, and Swin Transformer), all tested without utilizing pre-trained weights.A comparison with state-of-the-art models that leverage pre-trained weights.The results demonstrate that the ECST model significantly outperforms classical models in accuracy when no pre-trained weights are used. Furthermore, it achieves competitive performance against mainstream models that rely on pre-training. Without relying on pre-trained weights, the proposed ECST model delivers superior classification performance compared to classical deep learning models and remains highly competitive when benchmarked against state-of-the-art models that utilize pre-trained weights. These findings highlight the model's effectiveness in remote sensing scene classification and its potential to reduce dependency on pre-trained weights in future applications.

Deepening the implementation of people-oriented new urbanization and exploring the enhancement of urban vitality through the creation of well-designed built environments are crucial for urban planning and decision-making by local governments. Addressing the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and introducing a relatively optimal spatial analysis unit are essential for characterizing the spatial features of urban vitality and understanding the impact of built environments on urban vitality. Taking Guangzhou City as an example, this study utilizes mobile phone SDK-based population profiling data to represent urban vitality. Building on existing research, classical built environment variables are selected, and the technical framework for empirical analysis is optimized. The Optimal Parameter-based Geodetector (OPGD) model is employed to compare the explanatory power of multiple common spatial analysis units, thereby identifying the relatively optimal spatial unit (1 km²). Based on this, the relative importance of built environment variables on urban vitality during nighttime and daytime is clarified, and the spatial heterogeneity of these impacts is explored using the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model. Key findings include: (1) The influence of built environment variables on urban vitality varies with spatial analysis units. The relatively optimal spatial analysis unit is identified as 1 km². (2) The spatial structure of urban vitality in Guangzhou remains consistent across both time periods, exhibiting a finger-like radial pattern centered on the four core districts and extending along major transportation corridors. (3) The densities of commercial, residential, and public service POIs exert the most significant impacts on urban vitality. Transportation convenience and accessibility serve as crucial sustaining factors for urban vitality. Strong interactive effects are observed among variables such as commercial and residential POI densities and distance to the urban center. (4) The spatial influences of built environment variables exhibit heterogeneity across the two time periods in terms of spatial significance ranges, magnitude of impacts, and directional effects. These spatial characteristics can be summarized as a gradient distribution across the entire city, a concentric ring distribution centered on core areas of the central four districts, and localized “cluster-based” or “scattered” spatial patterns.

Mega-city regions (MCRs) are the main spatial pattern of urbanization in China. Studying changes in the population attractiveness of these regions is significant for understanding their role in regional development and evaluating the effects of regional development policies. Using data on inter-prefecture migration from the 1‰ individual database of the national censuses conducted in 2010 and 2020, this paper analyzes the changes in population attractiveness within China's mega-city regions from three dimensions: intensity, range, and spatial evenness. The results show that: (1) In terms of intensity, the three major MCRs—the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region—are far more attractive than others. They altogether attracted over half of all inter-prefecture migrants in China. The attractiveness gap between MCRs in the east and those in the central and western regions narrowed from 2010 to 2020. Most eastern MCRs saw slow growth in their migrants, leading to a decline in their share of China's total number of migrants. The Yangtze River Delta experienced the most significant reduction. In contrast, central and western MCRs grew more rapidly in terms of migrants, becoming increasingly attractive. Notably, the Chengdu-Chongqing MCR and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River MCR experienced the fastest growth. In terms of attractiveness range, eastern MCRs mainly attract inter-provincial migrants, with the Shandong Peninsula MCR attracting population from a relatively small area. In contrast, central and western MCRs mainly attract intra-provincial migrants, although the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains MCR is an exception, attracting inter-provincial migrants. Over the past ten years, there has been a noticeable trend of people moving shorter distances. Regarding the evenness of attractiveness within MCRs, most eastern MCRs exhibit a relatively even attractiveness among their cities. Notably, the evenness of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta significantly increased from 2010 to 2020. However, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Central and Southern Liaoning MCRs show uneven attractiveness. In most central and western MCRs, the appeal is concentrated in core cities, although the spatial evenness of attractiveness has improved in the Chengdu-Chongqing, Beibu Gulf, and the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains MCRs. (2) The three dimensions of population attractiveness are correlated. Compared to the MCRs in the central and western regions, those in the eastern region exhibit stronger attractiveness, mainly attract inter-provincial migrants, the attractiveness of each city is more evenly distributed, and the overall development of eastern MCRs is more advanced. However, as the MCRs in the central and western regions began to develop over the past decade, their population attractiveness did not fully evolve to match the characteristics of the eastern MCRs. The difference is that the proportion of inter-provincial migrants attracted by central and western MCRs has decreased, and these MCRs have consistently remained centers of population inflow within their respective provinces. (3) The multi-dimensional characteristics of population attractiveness change as the economic growth of MCRs progresses and as core cities develop and their functions spill over. Finally, based on the development goals of MCRs in different regions and the evolving characteristics of population attractiveness, we propose policy suggestions for the future development of MCRs.

Against the backdrop of escalating competition among major powers, intensifying geopolitical conflicts, and sudden natural disasters, exploring the resilience of the global chip supply chain is crucial for preventing cross-border supply risks and ensuring the security of China's chip supply. This paper utilizes complex network models and simulation techniques to measure the resilience of global chip supply chain networks and nodes from both static and dynamic perspectives, and further assesses the impact of earthquake disasters and trade blockades on major economies. The research findings are as follows: (1) There are significant differences in the structural resilience of the upstream, midstream, and downstream networks of the global chip supply chain. The upstream network exhibits a prominent “small-world” feature, while the midstream and downstream networks show a broader geographical distribution. (2) The dynamic resilience of the chip supply chain displays a fluctuating trend, characterized by “downstream resilience > midstream resilience > upstream resilience”; in deliberate attack scenarios, the critical point of upstream chip supply chain collapse is as low as 17%. (3) The United States, China and Germany are the most active economies in the global chip supply chain and play a critical role in maintaining global chip supply security. Among them, the transit capacity and influence of China are primarily reflected in the midstream and downstream segments. (4) The earthquakes in Japan and Taiwan of China will affect the resilience of core economies to varying degrees, and the CHIP4 trade blockade will have a severe impact on the upstream segments of China's chip supply chain. This study provides valuable decision-making insights for optimizing the layout of China's chip supply chain and identifying risks of chip supply disruptions.

Based on the background of the national strategy of “rural revitalization” and the preservation and destruction of traditional villages, this study focuses on the landscape of traditional villages in Liaocheng City. Integrating geographical cultural landscape theory and the “landscape information chain” concept, we constructed a corresponding information chain for these villages. Using the AHP-FCE method, we evaluated the weight indices of various factors within the vernacular landscape space. This analysis aims to identify paths for inheriting traditional village landscape genes in the context of rural revitalization, offering practical insights for enhancing cultural cohesion and safeguarding cultural landscape genes. The results show that: (1) Extraction of landscape genes. Using the feature deconstruction method and considering practical conditions, we classified traditional village landscape genes into material and non-material categories. A total of 4 identification elements and 14 identification indexes were selected to establish a landscape gene identification system, thereby constructing the landscape information chain. (2) Landscape gene evaluation. The intangible landscape issues such as folk activities and folk skills in the cultural landscape are the most prominent, followed by the material landscape issues of water bodies and square spaces. The most important landscape factors in traditional villages are traditional drama, traditional music, folk activities, folk skills and folk spirit. (3) Landscape gene inheritance path. For the inheritance path of village protection, the spatial scope of traditional villages is clarified as “landscape information point-landscape information corridor-landscape information network”. For the inheritance path of industrial introduction, For the industrial introduction pathway, regional economic development can be stimulated by utilizing the emerging model of integrating local handicrafts with tourism, thereby enhancing the area's cultural development. For the path of cultural activation and inheritance, regular special ethnic cultural activities can enhance villagers' sense sense of identity, deepen the endogenous link between native culture and landscape space, promote the inheritance of traditional civilization, and provide new ideas for realizing the sustainable development of local traditional villages.