By comprehensively evaluating and classifying the performance of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) within different metro station areas, the metropolis can accurately formulate development strategies that encourage positive interaction between transportation and land use to alleviate urban diseases. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) indicators overlook the typical three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of cities' development, and their density or intensity indicators also ignore the potential functional combinations among POI types. Therefore, this study introduced new indicators such as the 3D form of streets/buildings and POI functional semantics to reconstruct the "Node-Place-Function" framework, measured the TOD performance of 188 station areas in Wuhan and divided them into 6 categories using KMeans, then explored the relationship between TOD performance/typology and the key external efficiency of metro passenger flow. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The TOD performance was decreasing from riverside areas of Jianghan and Wuchang to city periphery, whose high values are distributed as large and small clusters. (2) The TOD types follow a similar layer distribution, which could be named sequentially from city center to outside (Ⅰ-Ⅵ) as: High value Function advantage class, High value Node advantage class, Median value balance class, Median value Place advantage class, Low value Node advantage class and Low value Node disadvantage class. (3) Positive correlations were observed between TOD efficiency and passenger flow boarding and alighting both on weekdays and weekends. A large number of passengers converged from Class Ⅲ-Ⅵ stations to Class Ⅰ & Ⅱ stations during morning peak periods. The expanded quantitative evaluation system in this study can effectively infer potential passenger volume, and the TOD typologies also help planners tailor their policies to local conditions and make targeted decisions.

In recent years, the “geographies of science and technology” has drawn sustained scholarly attention, with researchers exploring the intricate connections between scientific knowledge and geography by examining the space of scientific practices and the contextuality of knowledge circulation. This research orientation is based on the localist of the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and the interpretive path of critical historical geography, extends geographical perspective into the spatial dimensions of science / knowledge ontology, highlighting the research potential to recognize the intricate dynamics of “power-space-knowledge” in the modern world. Tracing its origins, the intellectual foundations and academic characteristics of this field are closely tied to the emergence of the “Historical Geography of Science” in the 1990s. Although existing studies have not systematically unveiled the academic trajectory of this field's early development, it is precisely the critical turn in historical geography itself that has triggered the deconstruction and reflection on “meta-narratives” of history, which has also provided an opportunity for the integration and development of geography and the sociology of scientific knowledge. This interplay laid the theoretical and methodological foundation for the Historical Geography of Science. This article examines the intellectual trajectory and theoretical evolution of this field, offering insights into the interplay between scientific knowledge and geography while providing guidance for future research.

Unveiling the evolutionary rules and mechanisms of land transfer scale and land transfer price holds referential significance for enhancing the role of land resources in macroeconomic control. This paper takes the land market transaction data from 295 cities in China from 2007 to 2022 as a case study. Using cold-hot spot analysis, standard deviation ellipses and a comprehensive land price model, this analysis depicts the spatio-temporal characteristics of land transfer scale and price changes. A bivariate spatial autocorrelation model is employed to analyze the spatial interaction between the scale and price of land transfer. Furthermore, the geographical detector is used to uncover the formation mechanism. The findings of the study reveal that: (1) The land transfer scale experiences a trajectory of rapid growth, sharp decline and gradual rise, exhibiting a spatial pattern of "hot in the east, but cold in the west". The gravities of industrial and mining land and commercial land transfer shift westward, whereas those of residential land and other land types move southward. (2) Residential land prices and commercial land prices rise quickly, while the transfer prices of industrial and mining land and other types of land increase slowly. All types of land prices show a pattern of "higher in the southeast, but lower in the northwest", transitioning from scattered points to clustered regions, which reduce local disparities but expand the overall gap. (3) A significant positive spatial correlation is observed between the scale and price of land transfer. The local spatial pattern displays high-high and low-high clustering to the east of the Hu Huanyong Line, while low-low clustering and high-low clustering are found to the west of the Hu Huanyong Line. (4) The impact of multifactor interactions on land transfer scale and land transfer price is greater than that of single factors. Changes in land transfer scale and price are the result of policy implementation and location condition optimization under the guidance of economic development and social life. Therefore, regional coordinated development should be promoted by optimizing land transfer structure, regulating land transfer prices, guiding the interactive effects between land transfer scale and price, and ensuring the orderly operation of the land factor market.

Behavioral geography is a discipline that explores the interaction between human behavior and geographic space. In the context of digital transformation, it faces a series of new opportunities and challenges in theory and methods, resulting in many new phenomena, problems, technologies, methods, and application scenarios. On the basis of sorting out the international cutting-edge dynamics of behavioral geography and the cutting-edge progress of Chinese behavioral geography research, this article focuses on cutting-edge directions such as big data behavioral research paradigms, AI innovative virtual and real behavioral systems, planning activity systems and local order nesting, special behaviors of the elderly population, behavioral and emotional geography, and proposes new development directions and key scientific issues of Chinese behavioral geography, such as paradigm shift, digital shift, humanistic shift, and emotional shift. Chinese behavioral geography needs to actively promote the innovative development of theory and methods, continuously improve the Chinese behavioral geography school, and strengthen the teaching practice and application innovation of behavioral geography.

With the increasingly severe global energy crisis, countries are working together to control carbon emissions and develop low-carbon economies. In this context, the new energy vehicle industry has entered a stage of rapid growth. However, how to analyze the interaction between the new energy vehicle production network and local regions has become one of the key issues of academic attention. This article selects BYD, a benchmark enterprise for new energy vehicles in China, and focuses on the strategic coupling mode and driving mechanism between BYD's production network and typical regions by organizing its domestic core suppliers for new energy vehicles in 2022. The study shows that: (1) The overall production layout of different production system components in China has formed a spatial pattern with the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the cores. Specifically, the production network of batteries and electric drive systems has the largest scale and high degree of agglomeration, while the clustering degree of body and chassis accessories is the lowest, and the high-frequency connections of the production network are mainly concentrated between cities in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. (2) In the process of interaction between production networks and regional development, due to the influence of regional location advantages and enterprise spatial stickiness, a differentiated coupling mode has emerged, mainly manifested as the coexistence of dependent coupling, reciprocal coupling, and absorption coupling. (3) The interactive relationship channel between local production networks and regional development constructed based on "network characteristics-strategic coupling-regional interaction" promotes the transformation of enterprise production from field related space to value related space, providing practical support for the localization of strategic coupling theory in China. This article attempts to divide the production system of new energy vehicles into intelligent electronic and electrical systems, battery and electric drive systems, thermal management systems, and vehicle chassis decoration systems. Based on typical cases, it analyzes the strategic coupling mode and mechanism. On the one hand, it provides practical support for the localization plan of strategic coupling through theoretical construction and deduction, and on the other hand, it provides empirical support for analyzing the interactive relationship between the production network and regional development of domestic leading enterprises in China.

Smart city development and transition have become an important topic of greatest concern to academics and city managers in the new era. However, the current research in this field still follows technological determinism or adopts a knowledge (social) determinism perspective, lacking a discussion of the process and mechanism of urban smart transformation from the lens of technological-social interactions. In view of this, the study draws from the mutual construction theory of society and technology and the thought of the social-technological system to examine the symbiosis of technological innovation and social transformation. The aim is to reveal how the smart city, as a socio-technical system, undergoes gradual transformation under the simultaneous evolution of the social organization and governance mechanisms and technological innovation. The study draws on the multi-lever perspective approach (MLP) of the social-technical system. It builds a “social-technical synergy” framework and points out the analysis ideas at the three levels of micro-niche, meso-system, and macro-landscape. The ultimate goal is to provide theoretical and methodological references for smart city transformation studies in the future. The study suggests that future research on the sustainable transformation of China's smart cities should consider the country's unique socio-economic context, institutional and governance mechanisms, and urban development realities. In the niche-level analysis, it is crucial to focus on the dynamic nature of multilevel government involvement. The study should delve into government-led urban development, technological innovation and governance strategies concerning local leadership, institutional motivation, entrepreneurial initiatives, and more. Besides, examining the collaborative approaches and interactions among various stakeholders and their contextual embeddedness is essential for a comprehensive understanding as well. In the regime level analysis, it is important to consider the distinctiveness of China's socio-institutional context. The emphasis should be on understanding how China's specific state-market dynamics, central-local relations, and market mechanisms either enable or hinder the process of digital infrastructure development, technological innovation, and governance practices. When examining the landscape level, attention should be directed towards exploring the interplay among global, national and local contexts, as well as factors that drive smart city transformation within these different scales. Drawing on sustainable transition geography and MLP approach, and honing in on the unique characteristics of China's social-institutional system can offer valuable insights into the driving forces behind China's smart city development. This approach not only offers theoretical direction but also provide policy rationale for enhancing the resilience of smart cities and promoting sustainability within urban socio-technical systems in the future.

Afforestation and forest restoration in arid and semi-arid regions with sparse vegetation have strong carbon sequestration and ecological restoration capabilities. However, the effectiveness of carbon sequestration in these dry areas heavily depends on the spatial distribution of precipitation. To explore the dependency of carbon sequestration effectiveness on precipitation in arid region afforestation, this study takes Shaanxi province, China, as a case study. It utilizes a combination of geographic remote sensing technology, panel threshold regression, and partially linear functional coefficient panel data models to evaluate the effectiveness of afforestation carbon sequestration under varying precipitation conditions, focusing on both environment-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The results indicate significant environment-effectiveness of afforestation carbon sequestration in Shaanxi. From 2000 to 2020, large-scale ecological restoration projects, primarily afforestation, were implemented across Shaanxi. As a result, the total vegetation carbon sequestration showed an overall upward trend, with the marginal contribution of afforestation carbon sequestration reaching 462.647 t/km². In the arid regions of the province, the marginal contribution was 512.868 t/km², 2.67 times higher than in humid areas. The panel threshold model showed that when precipitation ranged from 366.468 to 525.470 mm, afforestation carbon sequestration effectiveness was optimal, with a marginal contribution of 511.493 t/km². According to the partially linear functional coefficient panel data model, the environment-effectiveness of afforestation carbon sequestration in Shaanxi follows an inverted "U"-shaped pattern with increasing precipitation. The maximum marginal contribution, approximately 534.691 t/km², reaches a precipitation threshold of 495.539 mm. Beyond this threshold, environment-effectiveness diminishes due to reduced solar radiation in relatively wet areas, lowering vegetation carbon sequestration efficiency. In terms of cost-effectiveness, the cost of afforestation carbon sequestration tends to increase with higher levels of precipitation. Consequently, arid regions may offer greater cost advantages for such initiatives. The average cost in the arid regions of Shaanxi is 581 yuan/t, 16.29% lower than in humid regions. Therefore, it is crucial to respect the "forest-water-carbon" interaction dynamics, carefully assess regional characteristics, and leverage the environmental and cost advantages of afforestation in arid regions. By strategically planning and optimizing spatial afforestation activities, carbon sequestration benefits can be maximized, so as to promote sustainable land management and enhancing the overall ecological and economic value of these regions.

The relationship between material space and human activities, shaped by their interactions, is a focus of attention in both human geography and urban planning. Research on spatiotemporal behaviors, grounded in the concept of space-time-human coupling, serves as a crucial foundation for revealing and explaining this intricate relationship. This paper systematically reviews the research progress from urban spatial structure to urban spatiotemporal structure, and ultimately to urban spatiotemporal behavior landscapes. It emphasizes the necessity of understanding cities through the lens of space-time-human coupling, advocating for the development of a theoretical and applied research framework for urban spatiotemporal behavior landscapes. Furthermore, the paper delves into the connotation, measurement, mechanisms, and effects of spatiotemporal behavior landscapes. Building on these insights, it also anticipates future research and significant application potentials. These include: firstly, further refine the theory of urban spatiotemporal behavior landscapes and, based on this foundation, develop related classical theories in human geography theoretically; secondly, deepen the methodologies for the collection, integration, and simulation of multi-source spatiotemporal data in the context of time-space-human coupling; thirdly, explore more potential applications, such as urban spatiotemporal behavior landscape planning aimed at creating livable cities, individual spatiotemporal behavior planning focused on promoting healthy lifestyles, and urban spatiotemporal collaborative governance geared towards fostering smart societies. This holistic approach underscores the importance of integrating spatial, temporal, and human factors in urban studies to address contemporary urban challenges effectively.

Based on the scholarly background of promoting the concept of people-centered urban development, it is of great academic significance and application value to reconcile the logic tension between people's spatial behavior and subjective well-being in different geographical contexts. Specifically, depicting the interactive mechanism between their environmental perception and subjective well-being is utilized as the basis for urban development towards diversification and personalization, where the employed population can be regarded as the largest stable group of active residents living in the city. This paper initials the research target through the large-scale urban physical examination survey data conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in Jinan city since July 2023 and makes steps further via structural equation modeling to examine the impact of human settlement quality perception on the cognition, behavior, and subjective well-being of the employed population. Our experimental results demonstrate the following four findings. (1) The perception of urban human settlement quality can affect subjective well-being through the mediating role of the cognition and behavior of the employed population. (2) The main factors that positively affect the subjective well-being of the employed population are the perception of the living system and the support system, and the perception of job-housing balance has a negative impact on subjective well-being. (3) The perception of urban safety accident response and emergency infrastructure setting, commuting, and road perception determine the level of perception of the employed population towards urban human settlement quality. (4) The perception of living system dominates the cognition of physical health of the employed population, and the balance between job and housing space helps to increase the frequency of fitness exercise for the employed population. The perception of the support system also increases the confidence of the employed population in commuting. This study expands the theoretical analysis and derivative mechanism of the impact of urban human settlement quality perception on the subjective well-being of the employed population, and provides decision-making basis and scientific support for people-oriented urban management.

Health cooperation is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the prerequisite for cooperation is to have an in-depth understanding of the health conditions of people in countries along the routes and the factors that affect them. Existing studies on the BRI mainly focus on policy, trade, and economy, but there are few studies on the health status of countries along the routes, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of health status, and the natural and socio-economic influencing factors. This study first constructed a health indicator system to objectively and comprehensively quantify the health status of countries along the routes from 2013 to 2019. Then, the spatial analysis methods such as exploratory spatial analysis, and Moran's I analysis were used to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation of health status in countries along the routes. Finally, based on the health factors such as natural environment, social development level, economic data, and personal living habits, this paper comprehensively uses spatial analysis methods such as geographic detector and spatial Durbin model to analyze the health factors of countries along the routes. The results show that: (1) In general, the health status of countries along the Belt and Road (B&R) is better than the world average, but the differences between countries are significant and have spatial correlation. Europe and its surrounding regions have higher life expectancy and lower mortality rates, while Africa and parts of Latin America have lower life expectancy and higher mortality rates. China's health status is on the medium side. (2) From 2013 to 2019, the health status of B&R countries continued to improve, which is reflected in the continuous rise of life expectancy, and the continuous decline of fertility and mortality, and the improvement rate is significantly greater than that of non-B&R countries. (3) A variety of factors affect the health status of countries along the routes at the national scale, which reflects the social and economic development status, the degree of universal health coverage, which reflects the accessibility of health services, and alcohol consumption and smoking rate, which reflect personal health habits, have the most significant impact. As the initiator of the BRI, China's health status has improved significantly in recent years compared with other countries along the routes. In the future, it is necessary to continue to deepen health cooperation with countries along the B&R, continue to improve people's health and promote economic and social development.

Since its inception, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has garnered widespread international attention. Its vision of green development aligns with the theme of global sustainability, but has been long attacked by the Western public opinion. The study of Western public opinion's discourse construction of the Green BRI could help advance its construction, uphold China's national environmental image, and bolster China's international discourse influence. Based on LDA and Word2vec models, this research conducts comprehensive examination of the Western media reports on BRI under the issues of resources, environment, and ecology since 2013 by means of text analysis. The spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of report topics are investigated, and the mechanism of discourse construction and the geopolitical motivations behind Western public opinion are revealed. The study finds that: (1) Western media's engagement with the Green BRI could be categorized into three periods, namely, the observing period (2013-2016), the developing period (2017-2021), and the silent period (from 2022 to the present). (2) The primary concerns of Western media revolved around the negative impacts of fossil fuels on the aspects of resource depletion, environmental pollution, and ecological degradation; the transition process, trade activities, and investment dynamics of clean energy, as well as the international environmental cooperation and energy competition. The multifaceted interactions between infrastructure development and wildlife conservation were also prominent topics. (3) Western media reports displayed spatially differential characteristics, suggesting varying levels of engagement and prioritization. The UK and the US were widely concerned over global environmental issues, while paying great attention to their own state interests and China's negative environmental performance. France and Germany avoided associating their own affairs with the Green BRI, Canada and Australia almost exclusively concentrated on their self-interests, and New Zealand exhibited relatively low enthusiasm for reporting. (4) In order to maintain the consistency of their national roles, Western countries employed public opinion tactics to construct discursive narratives around the Green BRI, which were ideological, grand narrative-driven, demonizing, and romanticizing. The national public opinion roles of countries were not only shaped by their interests and positions as "the Self", but also influenced by the expectations of other countries as "the Other".

Ensuring the equity and inclusiveness of transport systems, thereby enabling individuals to equally access convenient and reliable transport services, is the key to the construction of inclusive cities. From the perspective of transport and behavioral geography, the travel behavior characteristics of disadvantaged groups and the influencing factors have become a research hotspot. However, the internal causal relationship and complex interaction mechanism between transport disadvantage caused by geospatial imbalance, temporal constraints, and socio-economic characteristics and residents' travel behavior have not been fully explained. Based on the survey data of urban residents' built environment perception and travel behavior in Xi'an in 2022, this study analyzes the characteristics of transport disadvantage under the space-time constraints, and constructs a structural equation model to explore the mechanism and spatial heterogenicity of the impact on urban residents' travel behavior. The result reveals that: (1) The perceived transport disadvantage under the space-time constraints exhibits obvious socio-economic and spatial heterogenicity. Perceived spatial disadvantage is higher for elderly, less educated, non-car owners, and lower annual household incomes. Females and young middle-aged groups are more vulnerable to temporal constraints. Higher perceived transport disadvantage groups cluster in the suburbs. (2) Perceived spatial disadvantage caused by geospatial obstacles and uneven distribution of facilities is a key factor that affects the travel decision-making of transport disadvantaged groups. Bus accessibility, distance to metro stations, and amenity accessibility affect travel frequency by influencing perceived spatial disadvantage. (3) There is spatial heterogenicity in the impact of perceived transport disadvantage on travel frequency, with more significant direct and mediating effects in the suburbs. Perceived spatial disadvantage mediates the relationship between the built environment and individual socio-economic attributes on the travel frequency of transport-disadvantaged groups in suburban areas, while perceived temporal disadvantage significantly mediates the impact of income on resilient travel frequency. This study deepens the understanding of the influencing factors and mechanisms affecting the travel behavior of transport-disadvantaged groups. It provides valuable support and recommendations for optimizing and regulating the spatial environment and social governance strategies from the perspectives of inclusiveness and equity.

Deindustrialization is a regional economic phenomenon that has emerged as a result of technological progress, industrial upgrading and the globalization of production, but premature deindustrialization can adversely affect the high-quality development of regional economies. This paper identifies deindustrialized cities based on the characteristics of changes in the proportion of manufacturing industries at the city level in China, analyzes their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, and explores the impact of related factors on urban deindustrialization. The results are found: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the development of deindustrialization at the municipal level in China is universal, and the ratio of deindustrialized cities increases with the increase of city size class. The number of newly added deindustrialized cities expanded and then contracted over time, with a concentration in 2011-2014. (2) Deindustrialization at the municipal level in China is more likely to be premature deindustrialization, accounting for 56.48% of deindustrialized cities, mainly in the central and western regions. Resource-oriented cities are more prone to premature deindustrialization because of their structural rigidity and resource endowment. (3) The deindustrialization of cities is influenced by various factors. Financialization and technological innovation significantly drive deindustrialization in terms of both output and employment. Factors such as productivity levels, resource endowments, interregional industrial division and cooperation, and environmental regulations have different impacts on output and employment deindustrialization. Compared to the significant impact of rising production factor costs on deindustrialization in eastern cities, the central, western, and northeastern regions are more influenced by the levels of financialization and transportation connectivity. Interregional industrial division and cooperation tend to induce deindustrialization in the western and northeastern regions, yet they facilitate industrial development in the eastern and central regions.

Spatial commercialization and cultural landscape of traditional villages are important issues that have attracted wide attentions in geography. This manuscript, taking the Tanka fishing village in Hainan province, the only traditional maritime village in “the List of Chinese Traditional Villages”, as a case, identified its cultural landscape genes based on the Landscape Gene Theory, and analyzed its variation process and characteristics of cultural landscape gene from the perspective of spatial commercialization, aiming at providing practical reference for the unique features and cohesion enhancement of traditional cultural and the protection of cultural landscape gene of the Tanka village and other similar traditional villages. The results show that: (1) Spatial commercialization of the Tanka village has experienced such three stages as the initial start, rapid development and transformation development, and takes on the evolutionary trend of multiple industries integration from dominated by fishery to integration of fishery and tourism and then to the integration of fishery, tourism and culture. (2) Spatial commercialization of the Tanka village has gradually driven the diversity transformation of the cultural landscape from the pattern formation of material cultural landscape gene on the sea to the rapid variation of material cultural landscape and then to the interaction of material and intangible cultural landscape gene on the sea and land. On the one hand, the spatial forms and overall layouts of the material cultural landscape genes on the sea and land takes on obvious periodic characteristics and modernization trend. On the other hand, intangible cultural genes represented by traditional skills, festivals, music and language gradually merged with modern civilization and were passed on and carried forward. (3) The dynamic variations of cultural landscape genes of the Tanka village are the results of the combined effect of the natural environment, policy guidance, market promotion and stakeholders' appeal. Among which, the natural environment is the foundation, policies guide the direction of variation, and the stakeholders' appeal and behavior change stimulated by the market is the key force. (4) It is important measures to pay attention to the protection of Tanka cultural landscape genes on the land, strengthen the authenticity excavation of cultural landscape genes, stimulate the endogenous motivation of the villagers, and establish the benign mechanism of interests' linkage and cooperation among the heterogeneous subjects to promote protection and development utilization of traditional cultural landscapes of the Tanka village.

Taking the counties in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as the study area, this paper first constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system based on the connotation of urban resilience and innovation efficiency to measure the development level of urban resilience and innovation efficiency from 2000 to 2021. Then, combining spatial autocorrelation and center of gravity models, we examine the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of urban resilience and innovation efficiency coupling coordination, and use geo-detectors and spatio-temporal geographically-weighted regression to detect the main influencing factors and reveal their spatial heterogeneity. Results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2021, the comprehensive level of urban resilience is low in the study area, but the overall trend is stable and rising, and the spatial gradient diffusion trend is generally displayed with Beijing and Tianjin as the core. (2) The efficiency of scientific and technological innovation has an “N-shaped” fluctuation, which shows the trend of first contraction and then expansion in space. (3) The coupling coordination level of urban resilience and innovation efficiency showed a gradual upward trend as a whole, and the spatial pattern presented a “circle pattern” of inward and outward decline. The migration path of the center of gravity showed a change pattern of “southeast shift, northwest return”, and the positive correlation of coupling coordination space and local spatial agglomeration were significant. (4) The spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling coordination between urban resilience and innovation efficiency is mainly driven by economic development and social basic factors, which is the result of the joint action of natural environment and cultural level. The impact of natural and socio-economic factors on the coupling coordination in the study area shows obvious spatial heterogeneity.

With the regional integration, the population of cross-city commuting residents is gradually increasing. This growth has led to a rise in mental health issues stemming from behavioral patterns and environmental pollution that impact these cross-city residents. This study focuses on the cross-city commuting residents between Zhongshan and Zhuhai in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Using dynamic monitoring and tracking methods, including spatiotemporal activity diaries, portable real-time sound sensors, and GPS tracking devices, this study employs a mixed approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Given that psychological stress plays a significant role in individuals' mental health, this research examines the relationship among leisure behaviors, noise environments, and psychological stress by analyzing activity units. The results indicate that the relationship between objective noise exposure and psychological stress levels at the activity level is not significant for cross-city residents. Instead, subjective noise perception acts as a mediator between objective noise exposure and psychological stress. Different leisure locations and types have varying effects on alleviating psychological stress. In Zhongshan, cross-city residents experience higher stress levels outside their community due to noisy environments despite better housing conditions, while in Zhuhai, lower noise levels during leisure activities provide a less stressful environment. The work, residence, commuting, and leisure activities of cross-city residents are interrelated. Long work hours and commuting on weekdays impose high spatiotemporal restrictions on leisure and contribute to increased psychological stress, underscoring the importance of weekend leisure activities for stress relief. However, the weekend leisure activities of cross-city residents are influenced by both spatiotemporal constraints and active adjustments. On one hand, they often face high spatiotemporal constraints and are forced into noisy leisure environments; on the other hand, they can actively adjust their weekend leisure activities, thereby achieving better leisure-related acoustic environments and effectively relieving psychological stress through cross-city leisure activities. By integrating multi-source data and mixed methods, this study provides new theoretical and methodological perspectives for understanding the relationship among noise environmental exposure, subjective perception, and psychological stress in diverse leisure contexts for cross-city populations. Additionally, it provides policy implications for relieving psychological stress and enhancing mental health for cross-city populations through offering more leisure opportunities, improving leisure environments, and minimizing travel constraints. These strategies will improve cross-city residents′ leisure environments and mental health.

Alcohol-based drinking consumption has increasingly become an important part of residents' daily leisure life. There is a geographical tradition cognition that people from northern China would have higher preference for drinking than those from southern China, but geographers have not provided scientific answers for this question yet. Starting from this gap, this study attempts to verify the existence of such a regional preference and further reveal its general impact factors of spatial distribution. This study uses Baidu keyword search indexes and Amap alcohol POI data to represent the alcohol-based drinking preferences in each city of China, by considering the interferences of the size of population, structure of population, average income of the citizens, and the prosperity of urban economies. In order to better understand the research results, this study frames the leisure preference of alcohol-based drinking consumption as the "Libai Index", which is composed of Libai expected consumption index and Libai actual consumption index. The results show that: (1) The sptial distribution of the Libai Index is inconsistent with the geographical tradition cognition of Chinese drinking behavior. The Libai Index does not show obvious north-south and east-west differentiation or follow the geographical distribution of the famous Hu Huanyong Line. The region with the highest preference is not the most economically developed cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, but the Sichuan-Chongqing region with Chengdu and Chongqing as the core. (2) In terms of natural environment, the lower the temperature is, the higher the Libai expected consumption index will be; the lower the temperature and the shorter the sunshine duration are, the higher is the Libai actual consumption index; however, precipitation, humidity and wind speed do not have significant impact on the two Libai indexes. (3) In terms of socio-economic environment, housing price level and night light are significantly positively correlated with the two Libai indexes. The findings of this study correct the traditional misunderstanding of the geographical distribution of alcohol-based drinking preference. It reveals the influence of natural environmental factors such as temperature and sunshine duration and social economic factors such as housing price and night light index on alcohol consumption. This work resonates with the neo-environmental determinism and affirms that this theory still has good explanatory power. At the same time, this paper is also a pro-active attempt for the utilization of multi-structure geo-data.

Optimizing territorial spatial patterns and promoting balanced development are the major national strategies. It is necessary to examine the characteristics and driving factors of territorial space evolution and identify one or more main axes that support China's regional coordinated development. To this end, this paper uses the Hu Huanyong Line (Hu Line) and the Bole-Taipei Line (BT Line) as spatial references and classifies the land territorial space into three categories: urban-rural construction space, agricultural production space, and ecological conservation space. Various spatial statistical and analytical methods are employed to analyze the layout, evolution, and structural transformation characteristics of China's land territorial space from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, the study quantitatively verifies the balance and sources of differences in territorial space evolution on both sides of these key lines and further identifies the key influencing factors and their spatial differentiation effects. Findings indicate that: (1) Over the past two decades, significant expansion of urban-rural construction space in China has narrowed east-west and south-north disparities, accompanied by noticeable degradation. Agricultural production space has shifted westward along the Hu Line, while ecological conservation space has globally decreased, highlighting significant dynamic interchanges between agricultural production and ecological conservation spaces. (2) The Hu and BT lines effectively capture spatial differentiation characteristics of China's territorial space evolution. The Hu Line effectively scales non-stationary changes in farming-forestry patterns, while the BT Line serves as a watershed for determining whether national urban-rural construction spaces degrade. Currently, China's territorial space evolution remains primarily characterized by east-west disparities, with minimal differences between the south and the north. (3) China's territorial space evolution is a complex outcome of policy, natural geography, transportation location, and socio-economy. Geographic conditions and transportation locations are common factors constraining China's overall spatial evolution, with significant differences in natural conditions between the east and the west, and prominent transportation location factors between the south and the north. Based on the conclusions, strategic recommendations include balancing urban-rural spatial layouts to mitigate north-south disparities, timely responses to the new trends of agricultural space shifts, and dynamic monitoring of regional ecological and agricultural space changes across the Pan-Hu Huanyong Line region.

Understanding the spatial and temporal differences in ecosystem health and their driving factors is conducive to ecosystem management and restoration. Although existing studies have assessed ecosystem health in different regions, few studies have explored the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem health and its driving forces in depth. In this paper, the mountain-basin system on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains is divided into five ecological zones (northern grassland area, central mixed area, desert area, cultivated area and southern mountain area). Based on the vital-organization-resilience framework, the spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem health in this basin during 2000-2020 are analyzed. The interactive effects of geographical factors on the spatial and temporal differentiation of ecosystem health were studied by using geographic detectors and constraint lines. The results showed that: (1) The ecosystem health status in the study area showed a gourd-shaped distribution trend with more low values and less high values, the ecosystem health index showed an increasing trend, and the overall ecosystem health status showed a significant improvement trend. (2) There were differences in the change trend of ecosystem health in different ecological zones. The health status of ecosystem in the northern grassland area, the central mixed area and the cultivated land area improved, while the health status of ecosystem in the desert area decreased. (3) The interpretation ability of different geographic factors on the spatial differentiation of ecosystem health was significantly different in different time periods and different regions. Natural factors such as soil type, regional division, average annual surface temperature and annual evaporation played a dominant role, while human activities had little influence overall. The factor interaction detection showed that the influence of the two-factor interaction was higher than that of the single factor, and the dominant interaction had some differences in different regions, but all of them were the interaction combination of soil type, annual surface temperature and other factors. The results can provide more effective and detailed decision support for ecosystem protection in the mountain-basin system on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and other areas with similar conditions.

The construction of digital government stands as a cornerstone in the quest for national governance modernization and the holistic advancement of digital progress. This paper, for the first time, quantifies the extent of the digital government development level of 337 Chinese cities, encompassing all prefecture and higher-level administrations, spanning a period from 2017 through 2022. Utilizing comprehensive data extracted from work reports of local governments, this analysis delves into not only the temporal and spatial patterns of such developments but also the various factors that influence these trends. The findings of the study reveal that: (1) China's digital government development level shows a consistent year-on-year increasing trend with an average annual growth rate of 11.54%, with the fastest growth rate in public service capacity, followed by the security capacity, and finally the government transparency level. (2) Geographically, it presents a decreasing regional pattern in the eastern, central and western regions in terms of the digital government development level, and the gap between the western region and the other two regions is gradually widening. (3) It has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the degree of this agglomeration gradually increases over the years. (4) It exhibits a clear "core-periphery" structure, where cities with higher digital government development levels are concentrated in the areas with higher administrative levels and five major urban agglomerations. (5) There is an absence of a trend towards convergence at the national level, but the internal differences within each of the three major regions have demonstrated a narrowing tendency. (6) The empirical analysis reveals that the economic development level emerges as a key factor affecting the digital government development level, and other influencing factors, including the urban population size, industrial structure characteristics, government fiscal capacity and network infrastructure, exhibit heterogeneous impacts on distinct government digital indicators and in different regional contexts. In conclusion, this study provides a new research perspective for measuring the digital government development level within China at the city level, which is of great significance for further understanding the characteristics of China's digital government development level and suggests several important policy implications.