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    • 2024 Volume 43 Issue 3
      Published: 10 March 2024
        


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    • HE Shuqi, MU Enyi, DAI Xiaomian, SHENG Hantian, HE Canfei
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      In recent years, global climate change and the problems it poses are becoming increasingly serious. Global warming caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from industrial development, is a major challenge to human well-being, compared to the role of natural factors. The regional industrial structure and the dynamic carbon effect, under the goals of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", have become important issues. Based on the China Business Enterprise Registration Database and the CEADs Carbon Emission Database, this paper systematically analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution pattern and industry characteristics of regional carbon emissions in China from 2000 to 2019 based on a dynamic evolutionary perspective. It also empirically analyzes the carbon emission effects of regional industrial dynamics, and further explores the regulatory mechanisms of cleanup and digital carbon reduction pathways. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, China′s carbon emissions have experienced three stages in time: steady growth, rapid growth and structural transformation. Spatially, the regional carbon emissions have obvious spatial differentiation, showing a pattern of high in the north and low in the south, concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, particularly in developed heavy industry areas and several major urbanization and industrialization agglomerations. Industry characteristics are strongly correlated with the number of firm entries and incumbents in high carbon emission industries. Secondly, different factor-intensive industries have heterogeneous carbon emission effects. The entry of capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries is beneficial for cities to reduce carbon emissions. Cities with comparative advantages in resource-intensive as well as labor-intensive industries may generate more carbon emissions. Specifically, the entrants of industries, such as coal mining and washing and metal products, have significant positive impacts on the growth of regional carbon emissions. Thirdly, government-driven cleaner production and digital transformation can reduce the carbon emission growth effect of industry dynamics, while the moderating effect is industry-heterogeneous. Specifically, cleaner production promotes the carbon-reducing effect of capital-intensive business entry and weakens the carbon-increasing effect of resource-intensive industry entry. Overall, the research results contribute to an in-depth analysis of the potential carbon emission peaking paths in China′s regions. And the results are of certain significance for the transformation and high-quality development of China′s regional industries under the national target.

    • XIN Yilin, LIU Yanjun, LIU Liwei
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      Due to their unique development course, old industrial cities, while making the historic contributions to the industrialization of China, have been trapped in the dilemma of path dependence. With the existence of numerous high-pollution, energy-intensive industries, the carbon emission intensity of old industrial cities is significantly higher than the national average. Against the background of the differentiated population changes in old industrial cities, the differences in carbon emission intensity among cities are prominent. In order to meet the targets of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, it will be of important theoretical and practical value to explore the influence of population growth and shrinkage on carbon emission intensity and to propose differentiated control measures for old industrial cities of difference types. Under such circumstance, based on night light data, spatial analysis and mediator effect model were used to analyze the influence effect that population growth and shrinkage exert on carbon emission intensity of old industrial cities from 2001 to 2020. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The overall carbon emission intensity of old industrial cities has decreased, showing the temporal characteristic of "dynamic convergence" and the spatial characteristic of "high in the north and low in the south". The differences between the north and the south have gradually become prominent, and the evolution course of carbon emission intensity in different types of old industrial cities varies. According to the results of Bivariate Spatial Autocorrelation Methods, there are significant negative spatial correlations between population change and carbon emission intensity. (2) The results of mediator effect model indicate that population growth and shrinkage can directly affect the evolution of carbon emission intensity in old industrial cities through agglomeration and scale effects. In addition, under different trends of population change, mediation variables show different changing features, influencing carbon emission intensity indirectly. (3) For old industrial cities of different types, the impact of population changes on carbon emission intensity manifests distinct paths. In terms of old industrial cities characterized by population growth, population changes influence carbon emission intensity mainly by technological innovation, policy intervention, urban expansion, investment intensity, and openness to foreign market. As for the cities featured by mild population shrinkage, carbon emission intensity is influenced by economic development, technological innovation, openness to foreign market, and urban expansion. For those featured by significant population shrinkage, carbon emission intensity is influenced by economic development, policy intervention and openness to foreign market.

    • ZHENG Ruijing, CHENG Yu
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      As a key supporting engine for the implementation of China′s "Carbon Peak" and "Carbon Neutrality" strategy, innovation factor agglomeration plays an important role in contributing to the low-carbon and sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). This study explored the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and spatial correlations between innovation factor agglomeration and carbon emission efficiency of 78 prefecture-level cities in the YRB from 2006 to 2019. On the basis of STRIPAT theory, the panel regression model and the spatial Durbin model were constructed to investigate the influence mechanism as the result of innovation factor agglomeration on carbon emission efficiency in the YRB. The main results are as follows: (1) The agglomeration of innovation factors in the study area presented a spatial evolution pattern of "large dispersion and small concentration", in which a significant characteristic of multipolar agglomeration was dominated by provincial capitals. The spatial distribution of carbon emission efficiency showed a pattern of "a high level in the downstream area and a low level in the middle and upstream areas". There were four patterns of correlation between innovation factor agglomeration and carbon emission efficiency: high-high, low-low, high-low, and low-high. The spatial distribution of the four patterns changed from "point-like dispersion" to "piece-like concentration". (2) Technological achievement agglomeration and carbon emission efficiency presented a significant U-shaped relationship, and both innovative talent agglomeration and innovative capital agglomeration had a positive impact on carbon emission efficiency; however, the impact coefficient of innovative capital agglomeration was not significant. Besides, three innovation factor agglomerations of different resource-rich and spatially located cities had heterogeneous effects on carbon emission efficiency. (3) The spatial spillover effect of technological achievement agglomeration did not form a U-shaped curve, while both innovative talent agglomeration and innovative capital agglomeration had significant positive spillover effects on carbon emission efficiency. This study put forward some suggestions in terms of strengthening the spatial interaction of innovation factors, accelerating the accumulation of innovative talents and promoting the flow of innovative capital, which provided a reference for the YRB to stimulate innovation vitality, promote green and low-carbon transformation and high-quality development.

    • LIU Haimeng
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      Cities serve as pivotal symbols of human civilization, and evaluating their development and decline is crucial for urban planning, construction, and governance. Such evaluations carry substantial implications for local government performance assessments, corporate investments, and residents' settlements. However, current research on city evaluation faces several challenges, including ambiguous evaluation purposes and target audiences, a lack of a solid theoretical or practical foundation for index systems, high redundancy in indices, poor comparability, disregard for urban diversity, an excessive focus on city rankings, and a dearth of result validation and feedback mechanisms. There is also a shortage of systematic interpretation regarding the composition, principles, paradigms, process, and uncertainties associated with urban evaluation systems. In this paper, we commence by scrutinizing the structural interconnections and evolution of urban systems through the lens of complex systems and living organisms. Subsequently, we elucidate the fundamental concepts, components, and functions of city evaluation, categorize the key paradigms, and propose four basic principles: people-centric, emergence, balance, and feedback-driven. We posit that the city evaluation system comprises five essential elements: the evaluating subject, the evaluated object, the index framework, evaluation methods, and the evaluation findings. We provide a comprehensive exploration of the general quantitative city evaluation process, encompassing ten distinct phases. These phases include clarifying the subject/object and the evaluation goals, establishing the theoretical underpinning and logical framework, outlining the criteria for indicator selection, establishing the evaluation index system, ensuring the consistency and dimensionless of the indicators, determining the weightings and thresholds of the indicators, selecting or constructing the evaluation model, analyzing and validating the evaluation outcomes, displaying and applying the results, and overseeing and incorporating feedback into the evaluation. The uncertainty and limitations of city evaluation are sorted from the aspects of cognition, data, indicators, methods, and systems. Furthermore, we envision the future of city evaluation for sustainable development, emphasizing the need to assemble a diverse group of evaluation stakeholders, develop a unified and shared foundational information platform, create a city space-time knowledge map, harness emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and digital twinning, promote "dynamic perception, multi-evaluation collaboration" and forge a future city that embodies inclusivity, safety, fairness, environmental sustainability, and resilience.

    • ZHANG Guojun, LIANG Zhenyuan, WU Zongshu
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      On the basis of exploring the theoretical relationship between digital financial inclusion and high-quality development, this paper uses the Dagum Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial Durbin model to analyze the evolution characteristics of digital financial inclusion in 20 urban agglomerations of China from 2011 to 2021 and its impact on high-quality development. The effect of development was analyzed, and the research found that: (1) In terms of overall level, the development of digital financial inclusion in Chinese urban agglomerations shows an upward trend, and their disparities are gradually narrowing. From the perspective of the spatial organization pattern of urban agglomerations, the digital financial inclusion presents a decreasing trend from national-evel, regional-level, to local-level. In terms of intra-cluster differences, the national-level city clusters have the largest differences, while the local city clusters have the smallest. (2) The digital financial inclusion of urban agglomerations in China has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, and the agglomeration types are mainly HH and LL types. This pattern of concentration is remarkably aligned with the spatial attributes associated with high-quality development. (3) The empirical findings reveal that in urban agglomerations, digital financial inclusion exerts a substantial positive influence on high-quality development, with its direct impact surpassing the indirect consequences. This direct impact reflects the immediate benefits of digital finance in enhancing economic activities and fostering growth. Moreover, there is a notable heterogeneity in the spatial effects of this phenomenon. Specifically, the influence on national-level urban agglomerations is more pronounced compared to other urban clusters. This disparity suggests that national-level urban areas, with their advanced infrastructure and greater economic dynamism, are better positioned to leverage the advantages of digital financial inclusion. This leads to a more significant and measurable enhancement in their development quality compared to other less developed urban agglomerations. Therefore, for digital financial inclusion to effectively contribute to the high-quality development of urban agglomerations, strategies need to be tailored to specific clusters. It is essential to develop targeted strategies for urban agglomerations at different levels to aid in leading China's economy towards high-quality development. This approach acknowledges the unique characteristics and needs of each urban agglomeration, ensuring that the development of digital financial inclusion is aligned with regional development goals, thereby fostering a more balanced and sustainable economic growth across the nation.

    • LI Ying
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      Digital technology is the technological support for the construction of digital China. An in-depth investigation into the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and development trends of the digital technology innovation level in cities can help optimize the spatial layout of digital China. This study uses Moran′s I index, standard deviation ellipse, and Dagum Gini coefficient to portray the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the digital technology innovation level in Chinese cities and predict its development trend with the help of the Markov chain model. The results show that: (1) From 2006 to 2021, the digital technology innovation level in cities across the country and various regions exhibited an increasing trend, showing the development characteristics of "strong in the east and weak in the west, and strong in the south and weak in the north", with Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai being the "leaders" in China. (2) There are spatial positive spillover effects and low-level homogenization agglomeration tendency of digital technology innovation level in Chinese cities. The centre of gravity of digital technology innovation level in Chinese cities is moving towards the sorth-west, showing a spatial distribution pattern of "north by east and south by west". In the eastern-central region, the distribution characteristic is "agglomeration - diffusion - agglomeration". In addition, spatial differences in the level of digital technology innovation in Chinese cities are decreasing, with inter-regional and intra-regional differences being the main sources of the overall differences in the east-west and north-south directions. (3) Digital technology innovation in Chinese cities can achieve an upward shift in the short term, however, leapfrogging remains challenging. Throughout the research period, 70.498% of the cities were able to achieve positive leapfrog transitions. Factors such as economic development, information and communication technology, financial investment in science and technology, financial deepening, city scale, and human capital influence the dynamic transfer of the level of digital technology innovation in cities. Improving the level of digital technology innovation in cities can gradually strengthen the promotion effect of each influencing factor. The study findings provide theoretical support and scientific reference for formulating the coordinated development policy of urban digital technology innovation and building digital China.

    • SONG Zhouying, GUAN Jing, LIU Weidong
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      As one of the key platforms for China's opening up, ports play an increasingly important role in promoting the construction of the Belt and Road. In order to reveal the development pattern of Chinese ports, this paper constructs a composite index using the data on the import and export of freight volume, entry and exit of passenger volume, and inbound and outbound transport volume at ports from 2011 to 2020. Based on the composite index, the evolution of ports′ development pattern is further depicted and analyzed from the perspective of stock and increment. The results show that: (1) The number of ports is gradually increased, promoting the port system to be increasingly improved. The volume of freight imported and exported through the ports is on the rise as a whole, while the scale of the entry-exit person and transport declined significantly in 2020. (2) From the perspective of stock, the composite index shows a fluctuating rise with 2017 as the breakpoint. Among them, the eastern port system is in a transitional period of high-quality development, while the western port system has a strong latecomer′s advantage. However, there are still imbalanced and insufficient development challenges at the northeast and central port systems. In terms of the development model, the northeast ports show the emerging characteristics of high growth rate and low scale share as a whole; the eastern ports are relatively mature with low growth rate and high scale share; the central ports face the dual dilemma, while the western ports have the superimposed advantages of high growth rate and large scale share. (3) From the perspective of increment, it is found that seaports exhibit the largest G increment overall, and river ports have the strongest overall growth competitiveness. According to the traditional SSA model for the entire period, the growth of airports mainly relies on the scale advantage of the base period share, while railway and highway ports are at a disadvantage in terms of both actual increment and growth competitiveness. Based on the phased dynamic SSA model of three stages from 2011 to 2014, 2014 to 2017, and 2017 to 2020, the results demonstrate that the quantitative development model driven by base period scale in the past has encountered significant obstacles in recent years. The dynamic growth disadvantage of seaports is gradually narrowing and developing towards a positive trend, but other types of ports have not yet formed a high-quality development model driven by growth rates.

    • LIAN Wenhua, ZHANG Xiaoping, WU Aiping, SONG Jiawen
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      China is currently undergoing a profound paradigm shift towards sustainable economic development, marked by an ardent pursuit of high-quality economic growth and the establishment of a low-carbon, high-efficiency energy system in response to the "dual carbon" goals. Within this overarching context, as a strategic emerging industry, the photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry has ascended as a linchpin in the industrial transformation towards green economy and it is also a core industry in the global competition for development. A better understanding of the industry's spatiotemporal dynamics and its influencing factors holds particular significance for both theoretical discourse and practical applications. Based on enterprise data and urban socio-economic data, this article depicts the spatial layout and evolution characteristics of China's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2021. By using a random effect panel Tobit model, it endeavors to unravel the main factors and formation mechanism of the location choice of China's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing enterprises. The main results are as follows. (1) The photovoltaic equipment manufacturers in China are mainly distributed in economically robust regions such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, and Guangdong, with a discernible trend of spatial diffusion from the eastern coastal areas towards the central and western regions of China. (2) The spatial diffusion patterns of China's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry can be divided into three categories: adjacent diffusion, hierarchical diffusion and channel diffusion. (3) During the study period, local industrial foundation, total carbon emissions, the level of scientific and technological innovation, the amount of policy subsidies, and the spatial proximity of core enterprises are the main factors driving the evolution of the spatial layout of China's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry, but there is a significant spatiotemporal difference in the mechanism of each factor. (4) Three types of layout models have been observed in China's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry: market-cost-oriented type, policy-resource-oriented type, and comprehensive type. With the changing competitive environment in both domestic and international markets, the diversified layout model aimed at enhancing the safety and overall resilience of industrial and supply chains is becoming increasingly prominent. Our research results are expected to provide theoretical basis and decision-making references for spatial development and layout optimization for China's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry.

    • WEI Wei, XIANG Bowen
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      The gradual scaling and normalization of regional sharing in medical facilities, characterized by cross-city medical treatment, has been observed, but there is a lack of theoretical and methodological exploration in existing research on the supply and demand relationships of these facilities. This study builds a detailed framework for the supply-demand relationships of medical facilities focused on regional sharing, grounded in the Homo-Urbanicus theory and social network analysis. It utilizes extensive internet-based medical treatment evaluation data from 2021 to 2022 to construct an cross-city medical network. The study follows the trajectory of "spatial pattern of cross-city medical network-supply and demand relationships of medical facilities", and conducts extensive empirical research on a national scale. The findings reveal that: (1) The supply of cross-city medical treatment in China exhibits a "dual-core and multi-center" spatial distribution, with Shanghai and Beijing, along with other provincial capitals, acting as supply centers connected to surrounding high-demand counties and cities, forming multiple single-center agglomeration patterns. (2) The service areas of medical facilities in China comprise five primary service regions (North China-Northeast China, East China, South China, Northwest China, and Southwest China) and 21 secondary service regions. This pattern generally follows provincial administrative boundaries, with some notable exceptions. (3) There is a higher coefficient of variation in medical treatment activities in Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu-Anhui, Sichuan-Tibet, and Shaanxi-Gansu-Qinghai regions (ranging from 3.860 to 3.716), and a lower coefficient in Ningxia, Shandong, and Fujian (ranging from 2.942 to 2.299). The supply and demand compatibility is higher in regions like Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu-Anhui, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi-Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shaanxi-Gansu-Qinghai (ranging from 0.964 to 0.839), and lower in Hainan, Jiangxi, and Xinjiang (ranging from 0.453 to 0.41). This has resulted in two patient influx regions (Shanghai-Zhejiang-Jiangsu-Anhui, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shanxi-Inner Mongolia), four balanced regions (Guangdong, Shaanxi-Gansu-Qinghai, Hubei, Sichuan-Tibet), and fifteen outflow regions. This paper offers a framework for effectively interpreting the characteristics of supply-demand relationships of medical facilities at a regional scale, revealing the spatial pattern of inter-city medical treatment and its representation of supply and demand relationships. This contributes to addressing the gap in current research on inter-city medical treatment phenomena and the perspective of regional sharing, and can support the optimization of regional medical resource allocation.

    • FENG Pengfei, SHEN Yuming, XU Xin
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      In the transition stage from industrialization to post-industrialization, producer services and manufacturing tend to be integrated, reshaping the regional economic development pattern. However, it needs to be further clarified about the spillover effect of the development of producer services in one place within urban agglomerations on the manufacturing industry in other regions. Since the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region coordinated development was elevated to a national-level strategy in February 2014, it has had a profound impact on regional economic spatial interaction. In order to quantitatively evaluate the impact, this study adopts the interregional input-output model by adjusting the interregional industrial linkage effect estimation formula, and improving the interregional service products flow measurement method. The results show that: (1) In general, the interprovincial industrial linkage between producer services and manufacturing produces a greater pushing effect than the pulling effect. In terms of pulling role, Beijing's information service industry is more prominent, but Tianjin's software and information technology service's roles have declined significantly. In terms of promoting role, commerce, finance and road transport sectors are evident and tend to be strengthened. (2) Beijing and Tianjin have a strong pulling and promoting effect on each other. Dynamically, the role of Tianjin's road transport industry in promoting the manufacturing industry in Beijing and Hebei has gradually increased, while the role of some logistics service industries in Beijing has declined. (3) In terms of service products flow, Beijing tends to enhance the service flow to Tianjin's manufacturing industry, while the service export to Hebei tends to decrease. Beijing's producer services have a high spatial concentration of service export sectors in the Tianjin-Hebei manufacturing industry, but with the characteristics of industry heterogeneity. The service demand for Beijing is concentrated in the financial and business service industries, while the science and technology and information service industries are relatively weak, with the output of business services increasing with time. Beijing's financial, logistics and business services in cities of Hebei is mainly used by capital-intensive industries, and the demand for science and technology and information services is mainly concentrated in the outstanding manufacturing sector in each city.

    • LI Ruiqian, SHAN Jixiang, ZHAO Jian, HU Heng, LIU Dahai, WANG Guifen, LI Yongfu
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      In the critical period of China′s economic transformation and spatial remodeling towards high-quality development, it is the in-depth review of territorial utilization quality (TUQ) and its evolutionary issues that could provide a critical basis for building a spatial pattern for high-quality development, which is important for reversing the logic of spatial utilization formed in the high-speed growth stage and improving regional spatial governance. This research deepens the connotation of the territorial utilization quality by integrating the carrying objects, spatial users and the developing capacity generated by object-subject interactions, which could be manifested by territorial spatial structure, efficiency and vitality. Based on this understanding, this paper attempts to evaluate the territorial utilization quality of the Bohai Rim from 2010 to 2019 by adopting the entropy weight TOPSIS method. We aim to uncover the TUQ spatio-temporal variation and evolution pattern, as well as the main obstacle factors in the Bohai Rim through the kernel density estimation and the obstacle degree model. Results demonstrate that: (1) The comprehensive TUQ of the study area is growing slowly; the production, living and ecological TUQs show a spatially balanced evolution towards high levels, a steady improvement of each grade and a "fluctuating" decline, respectively. (2) The comprehensive TUQ of the whole region demonstrates a "tripod" high-value clustering trend, the production TUQ appears to collapse along the coast of Liaoning with low and medium values, the living TUQ shows a belt pattern of medium-high value agglomeration along the north coast, while the ecological TUQ decreases in the east and increases in the west, which is associated with an obvious fragmentation of high values. (3) The comprehensive TUQ of the Bohai Rim is mainly limited by the production space, highlighted by production efficiency and production vitality. Meanwhile, the impact intensity of obstacle factors regarding ecological structure, ecological efficiency and living vitality is increasing, with obvious regional divergence. This study provides a new perspective for deepening the theoretical cognition of the TUQ, as well as a scientific guideline for optimizing the evaluation of the TUQ. Moreover, this research may be conducive to the promotion of high-quality development in coastal regions.

    • WANG Liguo, BAI Yongping, LIANG Jianshe, ZHANG Chunyue, JING Linxiang, DU Yaming, ZOU Jiacheng
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      From a morphological standpoint, elucidating the relationship between the morphological evolution of UGS and SUHI offers a novel avenue for fine-tuning green spaces to ameliorate the urban thermal environment amid stock reduction. This study takes the built-up area of Xi'an city in China as the research area. Initially, employing Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), this paper examines the characteristics of UGS morphological evolution from 2002 to 2021. Subsequently, it identifies SUHI coverage, and disaggregates the SUHI morphological evolution process using the Urban Heat Island Expansion Index. Building upon this, we explore the dynamic relationship between UGS and SUHI morphology evolution by combining the Pearson Correlation Analysis method with the Random Forest model. Simultaneously, we reference the Draft Public Consultation of the Overall Land and Space Planning of Xi'an city, propose specific UGS transformation plans with spatial allocation and estimate the effects after taking the renovation measures. Findings indicate a decrease in the UGS area from 2002 to 2021, with an overall pattern of larger patches fragmenting and smaller ones disappearing, thereby diminishing interconnectivity. During this period, surface temperature peaks rise, with a decreasing temperature increment. SUHI coverage exhibits greater expansion than contraction. SUHI contraction shifts from central point-like to peripheral point-like within the built-up areas. From 2002 to 2012, the edge expansion was the primary type of expansion, which occurred in the peripheral zones of the city. From 2012 to 2021, the proportions of the edge expansion and the infilling expansion were similar, and they were evenly distributed across the study area. Except the islet, there was a highly significant negative correlation between the morphological changes of various types of UGS and SUHI. Among them, excluding the core, small patches (such as bridges) made a significant contribution. The core primarily influenced the edge expansion and infilling expansion of SUHI. The bridge simultaneously affected the infilling expansion and contraction of SUHI. In the future, green space optimization will focus on fragmented spaces. Urban peripheries prone to SUHI edge expansion should ensure connectivity in the core, and central urban zones susceptible to SUHI infilling expansion should emphasize rational connections among fragmented patches like bridges and islets. After the "point-to-point" green space renewal and renovation, all types of UGS have been increased or decreased to different degrees, and the cooling effect is generally good.

    • FAN Rong, XU Hanfeng, LI Chao, ZHANG Hang, ZHANG Huan, CHEN Lei, WANG Ninglian
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      The disturbed forest system can be restored through a series of succession, where changes in plant species diversity serve as an important indicator for evaluating the successional progress. Meanwhile, the water use efficiency of plants provides a direct measure to understand the impact of soil moisture conditions on forest recovery. Therefore, analyzing the differences in plant diversity and water use efficiency during forest recovery (succession) processes is of significant importance for understanding the controlling factors of forest recovery and the conservation and sustainable development of forest ecosystems. However, most of the relevant studies in China have focused on temperate continental mountainous climatic zones, while the water-thermal conditions in subtropical forest zones are distinctly different, and related research in these areas is still relatively scarce. To address this research gap, we conducted a study in the Xiaozhaizigou Nature Reserve, located in Sichuan, China, an area significantly affected by both human and natural disturbances. We performed traditional vegetation surveys and employed biodiversity indices, including Simpson's index, Berger-Parker index, and Shannon's index, to assess the patterns of species diversity changes in different forest types during vegetation succession. Additionally, we utilized stable carbon isotope analysis of leaf samples to investigate the variations in water use efficiency among three forest types (primary forest, secondary forest, and plantation) at different stages of succession. Our findings revealed distinct stage-specific differences in forest succession among different forest types. The primary forest exhibited the highest stage during succession; however, its vegetation growth was limited by water stress and nitrogen competition. The plantation displayed the lowest species diversity, primarily attributed to the dominance of certain species and nitrogen competition acting as the primary controlling factor for vegetation growth. In contrast, the secondary forest, characterized by a longer recovery time, reached a higher stage of succession, benefiting from sufficient nitrogen and water supply, which resulted in accelerated vegetation growth. This study underscores the significance of analyzing plant diversity dynamics and water use efficiency during forest succession to gain insights into the controlling factors of forest recovery and facilitate effective conservation and sustainable development of subtropical forest ecosystems. Further research in subtropical regions is warranted to enhance our understanding of restoration mechanisms and optimize restoration strategies in these ecologically important areas.

    • SHAO Haiyan, JIN Cheng, LU Yuqi, DU Jiazhen
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      The deep cognition of the response relationship between online attention behavior and high-speed rail (HSR) construction helps to enrich the theoretical connotation of interactive research on transportation and tourism and provides a decision-making reference for the high-quality development of regional tourism. Taking the rapid transit system and virtual tourism flow in 2015 and 2019 as the research object, this paper uses accessibility, social network analysis, response index, spatial variation function, and Geodetector to deeply analyze the response pattern and driving mechanism of virtual tourism flow to HSR construction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The findings are as follows: (1) From the perspective of HSR accessibility, a circle pattern has formed with the junction zone of Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei as the core, characterized by rapid improvement in the edge areas and slow improvement in the core areas. (2) The virtual tourism flow extends along two horizontal HSR routes with apparent HSR path dependence. HSR promotes the decrease of distance stickiness and the increase of long-distance attention path of tourism network attention. (3) From the perspective of response, the pattern shows obvious dimensional and spatial differentiation. The optimal fitting models for the response index patterns of the city outward and the scenic spot inward dimensions are Gaussian and Exponential models, and the response pattern of the scenic spot inward dimension is more significantly affected by structural factors than the city outward dimension. The response pattern of different dimensions has strong spatial self-organization, with significant differences in the north-south and southeast-northwest directions. (4) From the perspective of response mechanism, transportation construction is an essential driving force of urban tourism diffusion function, and the improvement of service capacity promotes the enhancement of scenic spot agglomeration ability. The time-space compression effect of HSR reduces the time cost of tourists' travel, expands the travel radius of tourists, and affects tourism network attention through changes in tourists' distance perception. The evolution of tourism node location and network structure in virtual space reflects the tourism demand pattern within the region, which guides tourism development in real space. We should optimize the layout of the rapid transportation network, explore diverse paths of demand manifestation, and promote the coordinated development of transportation and tourism space to enhance the transformation from virtual attention to actual flow.