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  • 2012 Volume 31 Issue 10
    Published: 10 October 2012
      
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  • 论文
    TRIZ:A new theory and method of study man-land relationship problems
    SUN Feng-hua, ZHU Chuan-geng, WANG Zhen-bo, SUN Dong-qi
    2012, 31(10): 1737-1748. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100001
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    Chinese geographers believe that the synthetic studies on man-land relationship should be strengthened.However, no research has been done yet in China on technical design in terms of man-land relationship.Therefore, TRIZ has been introduced to deal with issues related with technological system, technique contradictions, innovation level and ideal situation.The theoretical basis of TRIZ for overcoming the system contradictions is based on eight laws of technical system evolution.The methods are mainly used as analysis tools and repository.The analysis tools include contradiction matrix, substance-field model, standard solution, ARIZ and demand function analysis.The repository includes 40 innovation theories, contradiction solving principles, 76standard solutions and an effect database.The procedure of TRIZ includes problem identification, tool and method selection and solving programme evaluation.This study, with Qingshan District of Wuhan as a case, probes into the approach, the theory, the method and the powerful function of TRIZ in solving contradictions of areal man-land relationship, and establishes a logic paradigm as well.The conclusion shows that TRIZ, applicable to both technology field and non-technical field, offers a new vision, new theory and new method for studying man-land relationship in the future.
  • 论文
    The enlightenment of geographical theories construction from the First Law of Geography and its debate
    Sun Jun, Pan Yu-jun, He Rui-fang, Liu Hai-qin, Chang-Nanjing, Liu Shu-fen, Li Hui-xian
    2012, 31(10): 1749-1763. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100002
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    Debates about geographical theories reflected the different backgrounds in geographical practice, and they explained, demonstrated, and contributed to the development of geographical theories.The debate about Tobler's First Law of Geography(TFL hereafter) is a typical case.According to Waldo Tobler, everything is related to something else, but close things are more related to each other than distant things.However, along with the development of GIS and GISscience since the 1960s, whether TFL was still right, especially as the First Law of Geography, was one main subject under discussion in the annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers in 2003.In this meeting, some geographers demonstrated the rationality of TFL in homogeneity space, strengthened the time dimension, and the transformation of dimensions of space and scale in time and space. Some geographers also demonstrated the rationality of TFL in heterogeneity space.At the same time, there were other debates such as criticism on exceptionalism, quantitative revolution and theoretical revolution, which emerged in the background of the development of GIS and GISscience.On the other hand, these debates were useful to construct geographical theories from new perspectives that showed concern on dimension, scale and time geography. What's more, there emerged a new scientific view about geographical theories construction, i.e.the view of sociology of science, which is different from the conventional philosophy of science.With these two interweaving perspectives, the views about the construction of geographical theories became more complex.This paper is not only a comment or an introduction to TFL, but the dialogues between those who follow closely to this question, including scholars and authors, which are also emphasized in order to make the debate go further.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the TFL debate and the relationship among this debate and the previous debates on geographical theories, with the current focus on the reconstruction of geographical theories.On the basis of the above, with“proximity” as the core, this paper constructs the relationship among dimension, scale and scale transformation, time geography, namely the relationship system of“dimension- scale-areas”.
  • 论文
    Monitoring wetlands pattern in the Yellow River Basin for water resources management using Beijing-1images
    HUANG Chong, LIU Gao-huan, WANG Xin-gong, YE Yu, LI Ya-fei, HUANG Jin-hui
    2012, 31(10): 1764-1774. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100003
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    Wetlands provide a host of goods and services, including water quality maintenance, agricultural production, fisheries, and recreation.However, they are also under an increasing threat in many parts of the world.Inventory and monitoring of wetlands is fundamental to conservation efforts.At watershed scale, a credible quantitative inventory of wetland resources can support baseline assessment of the status of watershed wetland resources, and monitoring of long term trends in ecological characteristics of wetlands.In this paper, Beijing-1micro-satellite remote sensing data of 2006 were used to investigate the wetlands distribution in the Yellow River Basin(YRB).Results showed that the total wetland area is 2 513 481 ha.Palustrine and riverine wetlands comprise the bulk of the basin wetlands, accounting for 45.0% and 36.2%, respectively.The wetlands are mainly distributed in the plateau valley of the source area, river floodplains in the middle and lower reaches and the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.For lacustrine and riverine wetlands, physiognomy is the main factor affecting the wetland formation, while climate, represented by the ratio of dryness to wetness, has direct relation with local hydrological conditions, and is more important in influencing palustrine wetlands pattern.Since most part of the basin belongs to arid and semi-arid climate, most wetlands, except those in the source area, mainly depend on the Yellow River supply since local precipitation can only partly satisfy the ecological water requirement.In addition, conflicts for water resources arise not only between wetlands and life and production, but also in different parts of the basin, for example, the upper and lower reaches.It is concluded that management of the limited water resources should involve rational allocation of water resources.For the basin managers, it is very important to realize the ecological values of different wetlands.Considering the water resources availability in the future, wetlands in each subregion should be given different priorities for restoration and conservation.
  • 论文
    Services based on land use:A case study of Bohai Rim
    XU Li-fen, XU Xue-gong, LUO Tao, ZHU Gao-ru, MA Zong-wen
    2012, 31(10): 1775-1784. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100004
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    Ecosystem services evaluation has attracted much attention for its role in guiding agreen strategic decision and public action.Because of its easy application, Xie G D's equivalent value per unit area of Chinese ecosystem services(ESV)has been widely used. However, aprecise revision is the precondition of accurate assessment result.The phenomenon of researchers not paying close attention to equivalent revision as much as the assessment result analysis makes the authors probe into a high resolution revision method of ESV, so that it can be more widely used in other regions and accurate in detecting changes. The revision method can be summarized as follows:(1)region revision, revise the average ecosystem service equivalent value of the whole country into that of the study area, by using the data of per unit area value of food products.In consideration of the complexity of forest ecosystems, biomass of each type of forest ecosystems are used to revise the equivalent value in quality.(2)grid revision, apply vegetation coverages based on vegetation index(NDVI)to correct the equivalent in quantity, which shows the variance of ecosystem service among units in the same land use type under different vegetation coverage at the grid cell of 1km2.These intersected multi-scale revision downscales ESV from national to local to grid cell, which not only keeps ESV comparable at different scales, but also detects the spatial heterogeneity in details.This method was applied in counties along the Bohai Bay to study the distribution and changes of ecosystem services between 2000 and 2008.The approach is more practicable and suitable in comparable analysis between different years and distinguishing the intensity of ecosystem services at inner-regional scale.
  • 论文
    Spatial pattern of villages in Jianghan Plain and its relationships with the micro-topography
    XIAO Fei, DU Yun, LING Feng, GAO Ai-xiong, LI Yuan-zheng
    2012, 31(10): 1785-1792. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100005
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    The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between the spatial distribution of villages and the morphological structure of micro-topography in Jianghan Plain using spatial analysis and geo-statistics methods.Based on the morphological characteristics of the study area, a local topographic analysis method for the extraction of the convex micro-topography structure was developed.Then the spatial relationships between village locations and the convex micro-topography structure were analyzed using spatial overlay analysis techniques in GIS.The results show that the extracted convex structures are effective to describe the spatial morphological characteristics of the micro-topography.Some 75.40% of the villages in the study area coincide spatially with the extracted micro-topography convex structures, and 83.94% of the villages are located within a distance of 50 meters away from the nearest extracted convex micro-topography structures.On the whole, the villages show a cluster trend to the convex topography structure.From the relevance analysis and the micro-topography process analysis, it is found that the spatial patterns of the villages in Jianghan Plain are mainly affected by micro-topography structures.
  • 论文
    Comparison on soil depth prediction among different spatial interpolation methods: A case study in the Three-River Headwaters Region of Qinghai Province
    Yi Xiang-sheng, Li Guo-sheng, Yin Yan-yu, Peng Jing-tao
    2012, 31(10): 1793-1805. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100006
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    Based on the soil depth data from 533 soil profiles in the Three-River Headwaters Region of Qinghai Province, with the help of GIS technology, this paper attempted to predict the spatial distribution of soil depth by using deterministic interpolation methods(Inverse Distance Weighted, Global Polynomial Interpolation, Local Polynomial Interpolation and Radial Basis Function)and geostatistics interpolation methods(Oridnary Kriging, Simple Kriging, Universal Kriging and Co-Kriging).Then it compared the prediction errors, statistical characteristics and interpolation results of different interpolation methods. Some important conclusions were obtained from this research, which mainly contained three aspects as follows.(1)The spatial distribution of soil depth using the first order surface trend of Ordinary Kriging was better than that using the second order surface trend.The spherical model in the Ordinary Kriging(first order)was better than the exponential model and Gaussian model.The Ordinary Kriging was the best of the four geostatistics interpolation methods because of its minimum error and accurately predicted result. (2)The Inverse Distance Weighted(exponent 1)method was the best in deterministic interpolation methods from the prediction errors and comprehensive reflection in general and local trends.(3)In comparison of the prediction errors and spatial distribution in general and local trends, the Ordinary Kriging(first order)of spherical method, which had anisotropy, could be best to reflect the spatial distribution of soil depth in the Three-River Headwaters Region of Qinghai Province.
  • 论文
    Impacts of the urban landscape on the housing price: A case study in Hangzhou
    WEN Hai-zhen, LI Xu-ning, ZHANG Ling
    2012, 31(10): 1806-1814. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100007
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    Urban landscape areas which provide amenities for people are generally recreational places in life and have great impact on the life quality in cities.However, the benefit of urban landscape is implicit, which makes it difficult to estimate the value of the view amenity in monetary form.The hedonic price methods are widely used in empirical research by domestic and foreign scholars.In this paper, 25 explanatory variables are selected to build a hedonic price model in four dimensions of building, neighborhood, location, and landscape.This paper assesses the external effects of various types of landscape on housing price.The sample is made up of 2795 valid house data in Hangzhou.The results indicate that there is an inverse relationship between the house price and its distance from the West Lake and the park, and the park size is positively correlated to house price.Increasing the distance of 1% to the West Lake or to the park decreased the house price by 0. 240% or 0.036%, and increasing the size of the nearest park by 1% leads to a 0.012% price increase.What's more, the plazas, mountain views and the Qiantang River also have apositive effect on the house price within a certain distance.
  • 论文
    Analysis of the land consolidation's models of rural residential areas based on 4-D dynamics: A case study of Tongzhou District in Beijing
    ZHANG Juan-feng, REN Chao-qun, LIU Hong-yu, YU Xiao-fen
    2012, 31(10): 1815-1824. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100008
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    Using the latest land survey data in Beijing and GIS, we have described the situation, distribution and characteristics of rural residential areas in Tongzhou District of Beijing. According to the planning boundaries, the villages in Tongzhou can be classified into three categories:villages within circle(VWC), villages inside the ring(VIR)and villages outside the ring(VOR).There is an area of 50.30km2 in residential section and 121villages within VWC, which takes up 30.62% of the total area.The rural residential area within VIR is 19.35km2 and there are 57villages over there.VIR is the smallest among these three categories and accounts for only 11.78%of the total area.For VOR, there is an area of 94.63km2 and 277 villages, accounting for 57.60% of the total area, more than half of the total quantity and area.There are 4types of dynamics to promote the land use transformation:economic dynamics, social dynamics, ecological dynamics and political dynamics. Economic and social dynamics promote land consolidation for VWC.Political and ecological dynamics are the main factors that drive land consolidation for VIR.VOR is influenced by the social and ecological dynamics.Based on different characteristics and dynamics of villages in Tongzhou, we have proposed three models of land consolidation, namely first-level land development model, comprehensive development models and the village renovation model.For VWC, the rural land will be taken for the urban development, so the first-level land development model is suitable for these villages.For VIR, comprehensive development models can be adopted to improve the ecological environment. For VOR, the purpose of land consolidation is to increase agricultural land and avoid land expropriation, so the village renovation model can be used for these villages.It is concluded that different models should be adopted to promote land consolidation, since villages at different locations have different characteristics and dynamics.
  • 论文
    Research on quantification model for elevation point's terrain information based on DEMs
    DONG You-fu, TANG Guo-an
    2012, 31(10): 1825-1836. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100009
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    For a given point embedded in grid DEMs, its comprehensive quantification model of terrain information content representing its significance in approximating the true terrain surface is constructed on the basis of information theory after its terrain syntactic information content is measured with differential geometry algorithm, and its terrain semantic information content is determined according to the terrain feature type and the global terrain structure.Then, choosing a study area of 70km2 in the loess gully region with a resolution of 5m, the paper discusses the extraction procedure of the terrain information content for a grid point based on grid DEMs and an application in multi-scale terrain generalization based on grid point's terrain information content.Experimental results show that the terrain information measurement model for a grid point is feasible and the multi-scale DEMs reconstruction method is not only easy to implement but also effective in reducing terrain distortion by preferentially keeping a set of“surface-specific”structural points located in global terrain skeletons.The application example proved that the multi-scale DEMs constructed by selecting critical points based on their terrain information content values could meet the demands of digital terrain modeling in different terrain scales. Therefore, the research could be helpful in deepening our understanding of DEM terrain information characteristics and offering a theoretical and methodological support for multiscale digital terrain modeling.
  • 论文
    OSL dating study on the palaeoflood events recorded in the Yangguanzhai Neolithic ruins in the Guanzhong Basin
    GU Hong-liang, HUANG Chun-chang, ZHOU Ya-li, PANG Jiang-li, ZHA Xiao-chun, ZHANG Yu-zhu
    2012, 31(10): 1837-1848. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100010
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    On the basis of field investigations along the Jinghe River valley, a typical Holocene loess-soil profile with interbedded palaeoflood slackwater deposits was found at the Neolithic Yangshao Culture site near Yangguanzhai village, Gaoling county.OSL ages for the quarts grains at a size of 40-63μm were measured by using the single aliquot regenerative- dose(SAR)protocol.The optical ages of these samples ranged from 2.27±0.06ka BP to 14.26±0.58ka BP, showing agood relation with the depth in the YGZ profile.According to the age-depth function, the archaeological ages, grain-size distribution and the magnetic susceptibility in the YGZ profile, a Holocene chronological framework is established. The first episode of palaeoflood events is therefore dated to 4.20-4.00ka BP, and the second episode is dated to 3.20-2.80ka BP on the Jinghe River.These extraordinary floods occurred during the global abrupt climatic events.They represent a regional response of river system to global change.
  • 论文
    The spatial system of freight extrovert service function of central cities in China
    GUO Jian-ke, HAN Zeng-lin, WANG Li
    2012, 31(10): 1849-1860. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100011
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    Taking prefecture cities of Chinese mainland as examples, and changing the model of urban flows into the model of urban extrovert service function, this paper quantifies freight extrovert service function of central cities based on different transport models with the aid of ArcGIS.The comparison of the calculation of related data in 1989 and 2008 reveals a spatial distribution law and a hierarchical structure of freight extrovert service function of central cities, with which the position and function of each city in the national and astride regional freight spatial connection is investigated.The results are shown as follows. First, the freight extrovert service function of central cities in China is distributed widely in north and intensively in south, and the advantage of urban agglomeration is obvious. Second, the proportion of the extrovert service value distinctly decreased in eastern coastal provinces in recent 20 years, while that of freight increased, which indicates that the mass freight had a larger proportion in the country.Third, there are significant differences in the extrovert service pattern of central cities'freight based on different transportation modes.As a result, different central cities formed the function division in the different spatial transportation connection.Fourth, this research divides the freight extrovert service ability of central cities into four functional levels, which are the national, the astride regional, the provincial and the civic.
    As a conclusion, the freight extrovert service function of central cities has been affected by various factors in China.It is directly proportional to urban GDP and freight scale, and it is greatly affected by economic location and transportation location.Also it has a close relationship with the structure and distance of different types of freight transportation.
  • 论文
    The spatial distribution of electronic information industries and its value chain parts in Beijing
    LU Ming-hua, LI Li
    2012, 31(10): 1861-1871. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100012
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    As a leading sector, electronic information industries in Beijing have strong strength and good prospects.The present studies focus on the analysis of the spatial distribution of high technology industries and electronic information industries.There have been relatively few studies on the spatial distribution of electronic information industries from the perspective of enterprises, especially on the spatial distribution of main value chain parts.
    This paper selected 30 large electronic information enterprises to do study based on the research on spatial distribution of electronic information industries.We collected its information about spatial distribution in Beijing by reading 2011 Report of Transnational Corporations in China, browsing official websites and so on.This article analyzed the spatial distribution of headquarters, research departments, production departments, sales and marketing departments in Beijing.The conclusions are as follows.The electronic information industries were obviously suburbanized and agglomerated in suburban areas.The main value chain parts of large electronic information enterprises were also agglomerated and the suburbanization of production departments most obvious.The spatial distribution of electronic information industries and enterprises exhibited a polycentric spatial structure. The functional division among main electronic information industries agglomeration areas and the regional division based on value chain of large electronic information enterprises had emerged.
  • 论文
    Characteristics,models and mechanisms of manufacturing enterprises migrations of large cities in western China since 1949: Taking Lanzhou as an example
    GUO Jie, YANG Yong-chun, LENG Bing-rong
    2012, 31(10): 1872-1886. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100013
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    Enterprises migrations research is an essential topic in economic geography, which provide us a unique perspective to understand the evolution and formation mechanisms of industrial spatial pattern.In this paper, we will use some information about scales, forms, distances and length of span to examine the characteristics of manufacturing enterprises migrations in larges cities of western China.To a certain extent, it can reveal the models, paths and mechanisms of enterprises migrations since 1949.The results show that the models of manufacturing enterprises migrations of large cities in western China have changed from “Gradient” pattern (government-oriented) to combinations of “Progressive” pattern (enterprises-oriented) and “Leapfrog” pattern (government-oriented), which goes through three stages, namely, “Inward concentration”, “Both inward concentration and outward disperse” and “great-leap-outward dispersion and concentration in some regions”.The factors including politics, economy and enterprises have effectively promoted the relocation of the manufacturing enterprises in different modes during different periods, which led to more complicated and diversified migration models.
  • 论文
    Evaluation on the benefit of scale economies and population size in the context of intensive land-use
    CHEN Hong-xia
    2012, 31(10): 1887-1894. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100014
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    Based on the review of the related literature, this paper builds a conceptual model to describe the meaning of urban economies of scale.On this basis, it uses the quantitative analysis to explore the relationship of urban scale economy, urban population size and urban spatial scale.The results are shown as follows.1)Nowadays, the main driving force of scale expansion of urban space is population growth.2)In the cities with a population of 10-20 million, the space occupied by per unit population growth is relatively large, which should be given priority to the development.3)In the cities with a population of over 20 million, the space occupied by per unit economic growth is relatively large, which should be developed on a moderate scale, and in regional development, one of the fundamental tasks is to build a rational urban system.Based on theoretical analysis, this study puts forward some proposals for the urban and regional planning.
  • 论文
    Hefei-Wuhu dual core spatial integration based on adjustment of administrative division
    LI Shu-hong
    2012, 31(10): 1895-1904. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100015
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    The adjustment of the administrative division can lead to the change in the spatial structure of the urban area, which exerts great influence on the regional social, economic, political and cultural development.In July, 2011, the State Council approved to annul Chaohu city and divided it into three parts which was respectively incorporated into the jurisdiction of Hefei, Wuhu and Ma'anshan.The adjustment of the administrative division provides the development space of Hefei, and eliminates the barrier of integration of Wuhu south and north of the Yangtze River.Thus the two core cities of Hefei and Wuhu are adjacent to each other.There exists an obvious dual core structure in regional space, and the economic regions are more directly connected.Dual core structure of Hefei and Wuhu is the typical regional spatial structure in Anhui.Dual core development mode, driven by Hefei economic circle with Hefei as its core, and Wanjiang city belt with Wuhu as its core, is an inevitable requirement of Anhui economic development, its spatial integration has some favorable conditions, including adjacent endpoints of urban space, advantages of integration strength, increasingly great leading role, advantageous internal and external environment of“sector of Hefei, Ma'anshan, Wuhu and Tongling” and Nanjing metropolis circle.It is faced with new development opportunities, different development modes and routes are chosen for different periods.With employment of the city space interaction theory and methods and dual core structure principle, the paper analyzes the dual core spatial integration of Hefei-Wuhu after the adjustment of the administrative division, and presents the following measures including adopting axis mode, dual core mode, “T” mode, sector mode in different periods, removal of rigid restraint of the administrative districts, strengthening integrated planning of dual core axis, enlarging industrial integration, bringing into full play the comparative advantages of the city between dual cores, and overall advancement of development axis construction of Hefei-Wuhu.According to central place theory, strengthening the dual core spatial integration of Hefei-Wuhu and cultivating a core growth pole leading the development of Anhui play a critical role in Anhui economic development, especially for Chaohu economic valley in Wanjiang city belt.
  • 论文
    A research on functional divisions of tourism space at county level based on GIS technology:A case study of Changshu City,Jiangsu Province
    DING Zheng-shan, QIAN Xin-feng, ZHANG Xue-wen, SUN Yan
    2012, 31(10): 1905-1915. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100016
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    Regionalization is the important research content in geography.This paper explores the functional regionalization of tourism space in the unit of county administrative division, in a study of Changshu, proceeding from the analysis of tourism development potential. In order to determine the basic unit of functional regions, the paper first makes a comprehensive analysis as well as overlay and merging analysis of all existing divisions. Then it constructs an evaluation system of tourism economy development potential involving four indexes of the urban influence, socio-economy, transport accessibility, and resource implication.By evaluating the tourism development potential of county units, it is found that Changshu presents a spatial circle structure with the county centered and the greatest potential in the south and can be divided into four kinds of functional regions which refer to key development area, guiding development area, limited development area and unfavorable development area.It comes to the conclusion that key development area and guiding development area express the characteristics of a centralized distribution relying on the superior infrastructure and service of the county, whereas limited development area and unfavorable development area, which have the largest number and coverage area, have more difficulty in tourism development due to their distribution outside the county and a relatively far distance.
  • 论文
    The research of rural residents'perception on tourism development impact from the sense of place perspective: A case study of Tiantangzhai in Anhui Province
    YIN Li-jie, ZHANG Jie, HAN Guo-sheng, ZHONG Shi-en, LI Qian
    2012, 31(10): 1916-1926. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012100017
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    Residents in the destination are the key elements that influence tourism development. As the rural residents are increasingly integrated into the tourism development, the research on residents' perception on tourism development impact would have more and more significance.Sense of place reflects the special emotional relationship between human and environment, providing new perspectives and in-depth explanations for research on residents'perception on tourism development impact.Taking sense of place as the starting point, and development expectations as the intermediary variable, we build a new theoretical model based on the relationship among sense of place, development expectations and impact perception.In this article, we take Tiantangzhai in Anhui Province as an example. The results are obtained as follows.1)Both sense of place and development expectation have important influences on residents'perception on tourism development impact, however different dimensions have different influence levels.It is suggested that the stronger the residents'sense of place and development expectation is, the more attention they will pay to the positive and negative impacts tourism brings, hoping for the better development of their community.2)Development expectation plays a positive intermediary influence in the “Sense of place-development expectation-impacts perception” theory model, especially on the cost perception level, development expectation strengthens the function of sense of place on residents'perception of tourism development impact.3)Compared with earlier researches, we can conclude that the overall tourism development level is the key element that works upon residents`perception and attitude.The divisions among different stages that reflect residents`perception on tourism impact are very significant.Sense of place, development expectation, impact perception are all closely related to the key element of tourism destination, community residents, and they all have great effect on the quality of tourism destination development.With these three elements, we build the theoretical model with important application values.Besides, this research is of significance to tourism destination planning and development.