The ecogeographical characteristics of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert on the Tibetan Plateau
Received date: 2017-06-20
Request revised date: 2017-09-17
Online published: 2017-12-15
Copyright
Alpine desert is a unique vegetation type on the northwestern part of the Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent highlands, in which Ceratoides compacta alpine desert is the most typical and widespread formation. Based on the primary relevés obtained from fieldworks, we studied the ecogeographical characteristics of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert on the Tibetan Plateau systematically, including its distributions, community characteristics and environmental features. The research showed that the distribution of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert followed both the plateau zonality rule and the non-zonality rule of vegetation in which the latter was strongly influenced by local topography, soil moisture and chemical properties. Generally, the plant community was sparse with great variance in coverage. Ceratoides compacta alpine desert was rather deficient in species and plants of some specific families including Compositae, Gramineae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae played an important role in the community. Moreover, the majority of these species belonged to the genera of the north temperate areal type. In addition, the environment of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert was mainly characterized by frost weather, climatic and physiologic drought as well as saline-alkali and barren soil.
ZHAO Haiwei , GUO Ke , QIAO Xianguo , LIU Changcheng . The ecogeographical characteristics of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017 , 36(12) : 2441 -2450 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201712014
Fig. 1 Alpine desert in the depopulated zone of northwestern Qangtang Plateau and its constructive species Ceratoides compacta图1 羌塘西北无人区的高寒荒漠及其建群种垫状驼绒藜 注:样地4,地处34°36′47.15″N、80°44′12.92″E,海拔5231 m。 |
Fig. 2 Study sites of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert on the Tibetan Plateau and in the depopulated zone of northwestern Qangtang Plateau图2 垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠研究样地在青藏高原及羌塘西北无人区的分布 |
Tab. 1 Families and genera of the plants occurring in the study sites of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert and areal types of these genera表1 垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠样地植物科、属及属的分布区类型 |
| 科 | 科含物种数 | 属 | 属含物种数 | 属的分布区类型 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 藜科 Chenopodiaceae | 5 | 驼绒藜属 Ceratoides | 2 | Ⅷ |
| 碱蓬属 Suaeda | 1 | Ⅰ | ||
| 猪毛菜属 Salsola | 1 | Ⅰ | ||
| 盐生草属 Halogeton | 1 | Ⅻ | ||
| 禾本科 Gramineae | 8 | 针茅属 Stipa | 3 | Ⅷ |
| 冰草属 Agropyron | 1 | Ⅷ | ||
| 早熟禾属 Poa | 2 | Ⅰ | ||
| 鹅观草属 Roegneria | 1 | Ⅹ | ||
| 碱茅属 Puccinellia | 1 | Ⅷ-4 | ||
| 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 2 | 薹草属 Carex | 1 | Ⅰ |
| 嵩草属 Kobresia | 1 | Ⅷ | ||
| 十字花科 Cruciferae | 7 | 桂竹香属 Cheiranthus | 1 | Ⅷ |
| 单花荠属 Pegaeophyton | 1 | ⅩⅣ-1 | ||
| 高原芥属 Christolea | 1 | ⅩⅢ-4 | ||
| 葶苈属 Draba | 2 | Ⅷ | ||
| 藏荠属 Hedinia | 1 | ⅩⅢ-4 | ||
| 燥原荠属 Ptilotricum | 1 | Ⅻ | ||
| 豆科 Leguminosae | 7 | 黄耆属 Astragalus | 1 | Ⅰ |
| 棘豆属 Oxytropis | 6 | Ⅷ | ||
| 菊科 Compositae | 9 | 紫菀属 Aster | 1 | Ⅷ |
| 火绒草属 Leontopodium | 1 | Ⅷ-5 | ||
| 蒿属 Artemisia | 2 | Ⅷ | ||
| 风毛菊属 Saussurea | 5 | Ⅷ | ||
| 柽柳科 Tamaricaceae | 2 | 水柏枝属 Myricaria | 1 | Ⅹ |
| 红砂属 Reaumuria | 1 | Ⅻ | ||
| 唇形科 Labiatae | 1 | 青兰属 Dracocephalum | 1 | Ⅹ |
| 白花丹科 Plumbaginaceae | 1 | 补血草属 Limonium | 1 | Ⅰ |
| 鸢尾科 Iridaceae | 1 | 鸢尾属 Iris | 1 | Ⅷ |
| 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 1 | 委陵菜属 Potentilla | 1 | Ⅷ |
| 石竹科 Caryophyllaceae | 2 | 无心菜属 Arenaria | 2 | Ⅷ-4 |
| 伞形科 Umbelliferae | 1 | 棱子芹属 Pleurospermum | 1 | Ⅹ |
注:Ⅰ:世界分布;Ⅷ:北温带;Ⅷ-4:北温带和南温带(全温带)间断(北温带变型);Ⅷ-5:欧亚和南美洲温带间断(北温带变型);Ⅹ:旧世界温带;Ⅻ:地中海区、西亚至中亚;ⅩⅢ-4:中亚至喜马拉雅—阿尔泰和太平洋北美洲间断(中亚变型);ⅩⅣ-1:中国—喜马拉雅(东亚变型)。 |
Fig. 3 Temperatures in the 33 study sites of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert图3 33个垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠样地的温度特征 1~21:羌塘西北无人区样地;22~25:西祁连山样地;26~32:昆仑山—阿尔金山样地;33:可可西里样地 |
Fig. 4 Precipitations in the 33 study sites of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert图4 33个垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠样地的降水特征 1~21:羌塘西北无人区样地;22~25:西祁连山样地;26~32:昆仑山—阿尔金山样地;33:可可西里样地 |
Tab. 2 Chemical properties of the soil sampled in the study sites of Ceratoides compacta alpine desert表2 垫状驼绒藜高寒荒漠样地土壤的化学性质 |
| 土壤剖面 | 深度(cm) | pH | 有机质(g/kg) | 全氮(g/kg) | C/N | 全磷(g/kg) | 全钾(g/kg) | 电导率(μs/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样地16 (普尔错东北, 海拔5084 m) | 0~10 | 9.75 | 3.19 | 0.18 | 10.26 | 0.24 | 11.93 | 213.00 |
| 10~20 | 9.53 | 8.11 | 0.42 | 11.09 | 0.27 | 14.47 | 212.00 | |
| 20~30 | 9.28 | 6.50 | 0.36 | 10.38 | 0.27 | 13.96 | 152.80 | |
| 30~40 | 9.28 | 4.36 | 0.28 | 9.04 | 0.25 | 12.76 | 149.60 | |
| 40~50 | 9.16 | 5.22 | 0.30 | 10.25 | 0.26 | 13.54 | 157.30 | |
| 样地25 (当金山口东北, 海拔3161 m) | 0~10 | 8.44 | 6.46 | 0.32 | 11.64 | 0.60 | 17.16 | 4.34×103 |
| 10~20 | 8.92 | 6.31 | 0.39 | 9.35 | 0.54 | 16.83 | 2.73×103 | |
| 20~30 | 8.31 | 6.24 | 0.38 | 9.64 | 0.47 | 16.45 | 3.83×103 | |
| 30~40 | 8.26 | 6.03 | 0.30 | 11.47 | 0.46 | 14.60 | 3.82×103 | |
| 40~50 | 8.60 | 4.38 | 0.30 | 8.33 | 0.56 | 17.18 | 2.10×103 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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