Border space construction between Shenzhen and Hong Kong based on the "one country, two systems" policy: A case study of Chung Ying Street area
Received date: 2018-06-11
Request revised date: 2018-08-28
Online published: 2018-11-20
Copyright
We live in a world full of political, economic or social borders, and our lives are always constructed and changed by borders, while the political dimension of border is well documented, other dimensions, such as the social dimension, cultural dimension, and interaction within bordered area, are not. Through field investigations and in-depth interviews, this paper discusses the formation and development of Chung Ying Street border area between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, a border area with a history of more than a century, currently located between two systems (socialism and capitalism) in one country. Chung Ying Street was the result of the Britain's lease on the New Territories in the late 19th century. Since the reform and opening-up policy, Chung Ying Street has witnessed great changes in its function, role, status and socioeconomic structure. Most notably, the boosting economy and tourism have greatly influenced the mundane practices and life space of border inhabitants. This paper explores how the border affects the spatial construction of the study area, and how border inhabitants adapt to and utilize the border through mundane practices. By examining the dynamic interactions between border inhabitants and border in different stages and bottom-up rebordering by residents, this paper finds that: First, under borders impact on Chung Ying Street, the spatial formation can be demonstrated as a spatial construction process, since both sides are managing the border, and residents from both sides are adjusting to negotiating with and even actively utilizing the border. In this process, border governors, inhabitants, tourists, parallel traders and other forces are constantly interacting with each other, reflected by different stages of development in Chung Ying Street area. Secondly, border inhabitants' transition from passive adaptation to active utilization of the border effect, indicates the fundamental principles of survival strategies and life space in their mundane practices. Based on the empirical study, this paper concludes that: (1) The construction process among the border, border inhabitants and border spaces might have gone through several cycling phases, during which the three actors are constantly interacting with each other in different ways; (2) Through routine practices, the border has been "instrumentalized" as a crucial survival-strategic means by border inhabitants in the context of "one country, two systems". In summary, to investigate the meaning of borders and the process of life space formation in a border area through "bottom-up" lens from the inhabitants' perspective, this research not only extends research viewpoints and enriches empirical cases, but also provides a better understanding of the formations and developments of border space. Practically, this research lays a sound foundation for further political implications concerning border governance in China.
Key words: "one country; two systems"; border; borderland; life space; governance; Chung Ying Street area
ZHOU Wenting , LIU Yungang , WU Yinshan . Border space construction between Shenzhen and Hong Kong based on the "one country, two systems" policy: A case study of Chung Ying Street area[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2018 , 37(11) : 2288 -2304 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201811013
Fig. 1 Location map of Chung Ying Street area图1 中英街地区的区位图 |
Fig. 2 Diagram of the study area: Chung Ying Street area图2 研究对象中英街地区的示意图 |
Fig. 3 Accessible scope of different groups based on their attributes图3 身份属性对活动空间范围的制约 |
Tab. 1 Attributes of the interviewees表1 访谈对象的基本属性 |
No. | 性别 | 出生年代 | 居住地 | 职业 | 属性 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 男 | 1950s | 龙岗区 | 原博物馆馆长 | 深圳人 | 黄证 |
2 | 男 | 1960s | 中英街社区 | 村委会干部 | 原住民 | 中英街户籍 |
3 | 男 | 1940s | 中英街社区 | 退休村委会干部 | 原住民 | 中英街户籍 |
4 | 女 | 1970s | 盐田区 | 村委会工作人员 | 盐田区居民 | 1985年起在此工作,黄证 |
5 | 男 | 1980s | 盐田区 | 社区管理人员 | 盐田区居民 | 2000年起在此工作,黄证 |
6 | 男 | 1970s | 深圳其他区 | 社区工作人员 | 深圳人 | 2010年后在此工作,黄证 |
7 | 女 | 1950s | 深圳其他区 | 菜市场小贩 | 深圳人 | 黄证 |
8 | 男 | 1970s | 中英街社区 | 搬运工 | 潮州人 | 中英街户籍 |
9 | 男 | 1960s | 深圳其他区 | 环卫工人 | 湖北人 | 黄证 |
10 | 男 | 1960s | 深圳其他区 | 环卫工人 | 广东人 | 黄证 |
11 | 女 | 1960s | 深圳其他区 | 环卫工人 | 广东人 | 黄证 |
12 | 女 | 1960s | 中英街社区 | 水客 | 潮州人 | 黄证 |
13 | 男 | 1960s | 不明 | 职业托 | 浙江人 | 黄证 |
14 | 男 | 1970s | 深圳其他区 | 游客 | 深圳人 | 蓝证 |
注:黄证主要有以下几种类型:环卫工、保姆等务工人员可申请3个月有效的黄证;中英街地区内的行政单位人员和国企相关人员等可通过单位申请半年有效的黄证;在中英街地区购房但没有中英街户籍的人员可申请1年有效的黄证;盐田区居民每户可申请1~3个月的黄证,等等(来自No.5的访谈)。笔者以大学研究人员的身份申请了为期10天的黄证,申请时需要提交身份证明和职业证明、调研事项、大学出具的介绍信等材料。蓝证是当天有效的旅游签注,深圳户籍居民每周,非深圳户籍内地居民每月可申请一次,但政策时有调整变化,管控期间是每月,每3个月申请一次。 |
Fig. 4 Changes in spacial scale of Chung Ying Street area图4 中英街地区的空间范围变化 (根据访谈资料制作) |
Tab. 2 Statistics on household population of Chung Ying Street community (by person)表2 中英街社区部分年份户籍人口统计表(单位: 人) |
年末统计 | 1983 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1997 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人口 | 881 | 941 | 952 | 984 | 1026 | 967 |
资料来源:沙头角镇内派出所。 |
Fig. 5 Diagram of residential space in Chung Ying Street community图5 中英街社区居民的居住空间分布示意图 |
Fig. 6 Distribution of life facilities in Chung Ying Street community图6 中英街社区的生活设施的空间分布图 |
Tab. 3 Taxation statistics of Shatoujiao from 1980 to 1997 (ten thousand RMB)表3 深圳沙头角1980-1997年税收统计表(单位:万元) |
年份 | 金额 | 年份 | 金额 | 年份 | 金额 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | 49 | 1986 | 811 | 1992 | 6383 |
1981 | 68 | 1987 | 1106 | 1993 | 10083 |
1982 | 72 | 1988 | 1609 | 1994 | 18312 |
1983 | 198 | 1989 | 3002 | 1995 | 8488 |
1984 | 312 | 1990 | 4305 | 1996 | 8943 |
1985 | 528 | 1991 | 4450 | 1997 | 9002 |
(资料来源:深圳市盐田区国家税务局,文献[26]。这里的深圳沙头角包括禁区内外的历年税收。由于1995年以后分设国税和地税,1995年以后的为国税收入,不包括地税收入。) |
Fig. 7 Distribution and category of stores in Chung Ying Street, July 2016图7 中英街店铺的构成状况(2016年7月) |
Fig. 8 Stores in Chung Ying Street assigned to Hong Kong图8 港方中英街的店铺 照片来源:作者于2016年7月调查期间拍摄,下同。 |
Fig. 9 Stores in Chung Ying Street assigned to Shenzhen图9 深方中英街的店铺 |
Fig. 10 A porter and Hong Kong resident are crossing Chung Ying Street border图10 正在跨越中英街边界的搬运工和香港居民 |
Fig. 11 Cycling construction process of border space in Chung Ying Street area图11 中英街地区边境空间的循环构建过程 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
[
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
[
|
[7] |
[
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
[
|
[10] |
[
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
[
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
[
|
[22] |
[
|
[23] |
[
|
[24] |
[
|
[25] |
[
|
[26] |
深圳市盐田区档案局. 中英街志. 北京: 方志出版社, 2011.
[henzhen Yantian Archives Office. Chorography of Chung Ying Street. Beijing: Chronicles Press, 2011.]
|
[27] |
香港地方志办公室, 深圳市史志办公室. 中英街与沙头角禁区. 中国香港: 和平图书有限公司, 2011.
[Hong Kong local records and Shenzhen history and chorography. Chung Ying Street and Frontier Closed Area of Shatoujiao. Hong Kong: Peace Book, 2011.]
|
[28] |
深圳商报. 东和墟的倒掉, 并非只因为海啸. , 2012-09-29.
[Shenzhen News.Decline of Donghe village fair, not just because of seaquake. , 2012-09-29.]
|
[29] |
深圳商报. 沙商贸的“坚持”与“转变”. , 2013-01-08.
[Shenzhen News.Persistence and transition of Shatoujiao Trading Company. , 2013-01-08.]
|
[30] |
深圳晚报. 中英街:历史的伤痛与现实的隐忧. , 2013-07-04.
[Shenzhen News.Chung Ying Street: historical pain and actual worry. , 2013-07-04.]
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |