Rethinking the critical geography of tourism on Stephen Britton
Received date: 2020-03-17
Accepted date: 2020-09-28
Online published: 2021-06-10
Copyright
Stephen G. Britton, for the first time, brought Marxist political economics theories into the global capitalist social production and consumption system to criticize tourism and answer the question of what tourism it is, which provided a very important research path in understanding the phenomenon and nature of tourism development. As a pioneer in critical tourism geography research, Britton has been dead for nearly 30 years, but his ideas have not yet been fully recognized and valued. With the burgeoning rise of critical tourism research at home and abroad, it is increasingly necessary to translate and interpret the knowledge of notable scholars with milestone achievements. Combined with Britton's representative literature, this paper attempts to understand his main viewpoint that “tourism is an important way of capital accumulation, from which it is recognised that how the social meaning and materiality of space and place is created through the practice of tourism itself, and how these representations are then incorporated into the accumulation process.” Specifically, at the individual scale, as a kind of commodity, tourism has the property of capitalism. It exists in the commodity production and consumption system with both value and use value. On regional scale, regarded as a form of industry, tourism acts as a tool to promote urban renewal, industrial transformation and territory competition by means of producing place and guiding new consumption preference to expand economy as well as sustaining economic growth. From a global scale, tourism, as a kind of intermediary, becomes a carrier of capital to transform the marginal places into the modern mass tourist destinations, which is integrated into the capitalist production system, further deepening the existing inequalities between investment countries and destinations. Then, this paper analyzes the follow-up scholars' application on Britton's viewpoint and points out the expansion of his theoretical framework, including the following three aspects: labor geography of tourism, production of space in tourist destinations and their place transformation, rural tourism and political ecology. These themes clarify the research topics of critical tourism geography, responding to Britton's farsighted assertion at that time. From a critical perspective, tourism was also an area worthy of study by geographers. Moreover, traditional theoretical direction of tourism geography research which emphasizes the empirical paradigm of spatial analysis and application-oriented without a theoretical system should turn to and embrace the political economy and power analysis approach. Finally, this paper points out the shortcomings and remedies of Britton's ideas, illustrating and highlighting the inspiration for the study of Chinese tourism geography, and trying to discuss how to go beyond the capital dimension of tourism.
CHEN Pinyu , YUAN Chao , KONG Xiang , LIU Jun . Rethinking the critical geography of tourism on Stephen Britton[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021 , 40(4) : 1209 -1222 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020200218
在论文撰写过程中,新西兰奥克兰大学奖学金办公室Elizabeth Milne和环境学院副教授Wardlow Friesen提供了布里顿的基本信息,美国俄勒冈大学地理系苏晓波教授为初稿提供了宝贵建议。在论文投稿过程中,得到了匿名外审专家约万余字见地深刻且非常详实的意见,其中在选题价值、文献梳理的逻辑性、内容分析的严谨性,结构优化和研究贡献等方面不乏尖锐而深刻的观点。作者在认真学习和吸收专家意见的基础上,历经4轮修改,才使得文章达到发表水平,对此一并表示诚挚谢意。
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