Entrepreneurial location of returned migrant workers: A case study of 14 villages in Henan province
Received date: 2019-12-18
Request revised date: 2020-09-02
Online published: 2021-12-10
Copyright
The entrepreneurship of returned migrant workers is becoming an important force for rural revitalization. The choice of entrepreneurial location reflects the entrepreneurial spatial decision-making ability, which has an effect on entrepreneurial performance. The statistical and multinomial logistic analysis methods were used to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of returned migrant workers' entrepreneurship in terms of data from 14 villages of Henan province. The results show that: (1) the entrepreneurial location of returned migrant workers presents a village-centered and close-range distribution. Most entrepreneurs are situated within a distance of 50 km of the village-centered area. About half of returned migrant workers set up their business at the doorstep, mainly concentrated in 0.5 h to 1 h working circle. The entrepreneurial location is mainly selected in village or county, followed by town or nearby city. Entrepreneurial activity space of returned migrant workers has the law of distance attenuation. The mode of transportation and time determine the spatial scope of entrepreneurial activity to a certain extent. The study verifies the applicability of the activity space theory in the choice of entrepreneurial location of floating population in behavioral geography and traditional geography of the law of distance decay, and reveals the spatial law of return migrant workers' entrepreneurial behavior. (2) In addition to a small number of large-scale startups, most of them are micro enterprises and individual business. The output value of entrepreneurial enterprises is positively associated with the distance. Except for more agricultural projects in village locations, the industry differences among other types of entrepreneurial locations are not clear. (3) The choice of entrepreneurial location is based on the premise of obtaining economic profits, taking into account personal factors, employment factors, community factors and entrepreneurial factors. Among them, the academic qualifications, the village return ratio, and type of entrepreneurship projects in the secondary industry have a positive impact on the choice of non-village locations, while the migrant workers' age, the number of working places, skills of labor forces, plains and hills, types of entrepreneurial projects in the primary industry have a negative impact.
Key words: migrant worker; return; entrepreneurial location; Henan
GAO Genghe , DUAN Xiaowei , JI Huifeng , ZHU Jiguang . Entrepreneurial location of returned migrant workers: A case study of 14 villages in Henan province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021 , 40(10) : 2871 -2884 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020191130
表1 创业区位时间统计Tab. 1 Statistics of the entrepreneurial location distance time |
时间(h) | 频数(例) | 比例(%) | 累积百分比(%) | 时间(h) | 频数(例) | 比例(%) | 累积百分比(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.00 | 48 | 21.92 | 21.92 | 0.80 | 1 | 0.46 | 73.97 |
0.05 | 1 | 0.46 | 22.37 | 0.84 | 1 | 0.46 | 74.43 |
0.10 | 10 | 4.57 | 26.94 | 1.00 | 37 | 16.89 | 91.32 |
0.17 | 1 | 0.46 | 27.40 | 1.50 | 7 | 3.20 | 94.52 |
0.20 | 24 | 10.96 | 38.36 | 2.00 | 4 | 1.83 | 96.35 |
0.25 | 1 | 0.46 | 38.81 | 2.50 | 1 | 0.46 | 96.80 |
0.30 | 11 | 5.02 | 43.84 | 3.00 | 2 | 0.91 | 97.72 |
0.40 | 3 | 1.37 | 45.21 | 4.00 | 2 | 0.91 | 98.63 |
0.50 | 53 | 24.20 | 69.41 | 5.00 | 1 | 0.46 | 99.09 |
0.70 | 9 | 4.11 | 73.52 | 6.00 | 2 | 0.91 | 100.00 |
表2 各类创业区位中心地类型主要创业指标Tab. 2 Main entrepreneurial indicators of various types of entrepreneurial locations |
类型 | 例数 | 创业者占比(%) | 平均雇佣人数(人) | 平均产值(万元) |
---|---|---|---|---|
中心城区 | 31 | 14.16 | 6.77 | 46.16 |
县城 | 53 | 24.20 | 2.47 | 19.06 |
乡镇中心地 | 38 | 17.35 | 6.92 | 25.82 |
村庄 | 97 | 44.29 | 2.57 | 15.91 |
表3 创业行业类型的中心地类型分布和距离分布(单位:人)Tab. 3 Distribution of central place type on entrepreneurial industry types and its distance |
分类 | 中心地类型 | 距离(km) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
城区 | 县城 | 镇 | 村庄 | 0 | (0,5] | (5,10] | (10,50] | >50 | ||
农、林、牧、渔业 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | |
制造业 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
建筑业 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 2 | |
批发和零售业 | 12 | 22 | 12 | 39 | 17 | 25 | 10 | 30 | 3 | |
交通运输、仓储和邮政业 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |
住宿和餐饮业 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 3 | |
租赁和商务服务业 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |
居民服务、修理和其他服务业 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | |
文化、体育和娱乐业 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
教育 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
卫生和社会工作 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
合计 | 31 | 53 | 38 | 97 | 48 | 63 | 29 | 65 | 14 |
表4 解释变量的取值和含义Tab. 4 The value and meaning of the explanation variables |
指标 | 因子 | 取值(单位) | 含义 |
---|---|---|---|
个人因素 | 性别 | 男1;女0 | 被调查者的性别 |
年龄 | 实际值(岁) | 被调查者调查时的年龄 | |
婚姻 | 已婚1;未婚0 | 被调查者的婚姻状态,离异归于已婚 | |
学历 | 实际值(年) | 被调查者学历对应的教育年限 | |
家庭因素 | 家庭人口 | 实际值(人) | 家庭总人口 |
家庭代际数 | 实际值(代) | 家庭由几代人构成 | |
家庭抚养比 | 实际值 | 家庭平均每个劳动力抚养的非劳动力数 | |
家庭耕地面积 | 实际值(0.0667 hm2) | 家庭承包的耕地总面积 | |
务工因素 | 工龄 | 实际值(年) | 开始务工年份至调查时的年限(除去非务工时间) |
务工地数 | 实际值(个) | 自务工开始的务工地数量(以县级行政单位为单元,同一城市的建成区属于一地) | |
务工技能 | 有技能1;无技能0 | 回流创业者有无特定的劳动技能和专长 | |
社区因素 | 村地形 | 平原1;丘陵2;山区3 | 村庄所在地区的地形 |
村经济水平 | 实际值(元) | 调查时村庄的农民人均可支配收入 | |
村最近城距 | 实际值(km) | 村庄到最近县城及以上城市的距离 | |
村回流比 | 实际值 | 村庄中回流者人数除以务工总人数 | |
创业因素 | 创业时间 | 实际值(年) | 开始创业年份至调查时的年限 |
创业项目类型 | 第一产业1;第二产业2; 第三产业3 | 创业项目的行业属性 |
表5 模型运算结果Tab. 5 Results of model operations |
因子 | 城区 | 县城 | 镇 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Sig. | Exp(B) | B | Sig. | Exp(B) | B | Sig. | Exp(B) | |||
截距 | -20.2834 | 0.0000 | 2.2503 | 0.3555 | -1.6402 | 0.4832 | |||||
年龄 | -0.0632 | 0.1069 | 0.9388 | -0.0152 | 0.5945 | 0.9849 | -0.0129 | 0.6802 | 0.9872 | ||
学历 | 0.1539 | 0.1801 | 1.1664 | 0.1760 | 0.0927 | 1.1924 | 0.1543 | 0.1375 | 1.1668 | ||
家庭人口 | 0.0631 | 0.7520 | 1.0651 | 0.2083 | 0.2601 | 1.2316 | -0.0182 | 0.9262 | 0.9820 | ||
家庭代际数 | 0.6525 | 0.2188 | 1.9203 | 0.2295 | 0.6543 | 1.2580 | 0.3856 | 0.4341 | 1.4704 | ||
家庭扶养比 | -0.0743 | 0.8058 | 0.9284 | -0.1700 | 0.5790 | 0.8437 | 0.0312 | 0.9125 | 1.0317 | ||
家庭耕地面积 | 0.0774 | 0.3809 | 1.0805 | 0.0470 | 0.5666 | 1.0482 | 0.0121 | 0.8785 | 1.0122 | ||
工龄 | 0.0252 | 0.6242 | 1.0256 | -0.0789 | 0.0657 | 0.9241 | -0.0038 | 0.9264 | 0.9963 | ||
务工地数 | 0.0203 | 0.8123 | 1.0205 | -0.2249 | 0.0194 | 0.7986 | -0.0263 | 0.7295 | 0.9740 | ||
村经济水平 | 0.0000 | 0.7460 | 1.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.8152 | 1.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.5601 | 1.0000 | ||
村最近城距 | -0.0283 | 0.1949 | 0.9721 | -0.0272 | 0.1629 | 0.9732 | -0.0102 | 0.4918 | 0.9899 | ||
村回流比 | -1.0454 | 0.5757 | 0.3516 | 4.2601 | 0.0107 | 70.8202 | 0.6680 | 0.6577 | 1.9504 | ||
创业时间 | 0.0269 | 0.7412 | 1.0272 | -0.0093 | 0.8985 | 0.9907 | 0.0568 | 0.3259 | 1.0585 | ||
[女性=0] | -0.0078 | 0.9895 | 0.9922 | -0.5467 | 0.2953 | 0.5788 | 0.2830 | 0.5612 | 1.3271 | ||
[男性=1] | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | ||
[未婚=0] | 0.4712 | 0.6977 | 1.6018 | -0.0866 | 0.9394 | 0.9171 | 1.1509 | 0.3020 | 3.1611 | ||
[已婚=1] | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | ||
[无务工技能=0] | -1.4186 | 0.0163 | 0.2420 | 0.3546 | 0.4749 | 1.4256 | -0.0623 | 0.8921 | 0.9396 | ||
[有务工技能=1] | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | ||
[平原=1] | 18.7314 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | -5.1555 | 0.0000 | 0.0058 | -1.8498 | 0.0956 | 0.1573 | ||
[丘陵=2] | 19.5317 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | -5.7954 | 0.0007 | 0.0030 | 0.1567 | 0.9064 | 1.1697 | ||
[山地=3] | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | ||
[第一产业=1] | -20.3275 | 0.9977 | 0.0000 | -1.1898 | 0.1913 | 0.3043 | -1.8568 | 0.0379 | 0.1562 | ||
[第二产业=2] | 1.2158 | 0.0565 | 3.3730 | -0.1452 | 0.8393 | 0.8648 | 0.3663 | 0.5660 | 1.4423 | ||
[第三产业=3] | 0 | . | . | 0 | . | . | 0 |
注:① Pseudo R-Square:Cox and Snell为0.4780;Nagelkerke为0.5172;McFadden为0.2520。② 比较类别为村落,③ 分类变量中的最下一行为本类的比较对象。④ 由于是社会地理研究,显著性水平放宽到0.1。 |
真诚感谢匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,专家对研究的理论基础、文献评述、影响因子选取、结论梳理等方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
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