The spatial differentiation and influence mechanism of poverty alleviation effectiveness at the village level: A case study from 84 villages shaking off poverty of Xinhuang County, Hunan Province
Received date: 2021-01-20
Accepted date: 2022-01-06
Online published: 2022-06-10
Copyright
Poverty and getting rid of poverty are the starting point and power source of China's reform and development path. Targeted poverty alleviation in China has made remarkable achievements. By the end of 2020, 98.99 million rural poor people had been lifted out of poverty under China's current standards. The implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation policy has completely solved the problem of absolute poverty in China, which has also made great contributions to the poverty reduction in the world. Based on the multi-dimensional poverty theory, from the micro perspective, through the construction of the theoretical framework system of the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, we carry out the research on the spatial differentiation and influence mechanism of the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, which is of important academic value and practical guiding significance to enriching the theoretical system of rural poverty research. The paper selects 21 indicators from 4 aspects of economic construction effectiveness, infrastructure and public service facility construction effectiveness, life security and employment security effectiveness to examine the spatial pattern and influence mechanism of Xinhuang County's poverty alleviation effectiveness in 2019. It can be shown that: (1) There are relatively small differences between the economic construction effectiveness and life security effectiveness in the 84 villages in the study area that have been lifted from the poverty list, with high-efficiency areas, relatively high-efficiency areas, and general-efficiency areas being alternately distributed. The effectiveness of basic and public service facilities construction and employment security is characterized by obvious spatial differentiation. (2) The comprehensive poverty alleviation effectiveness of the 84 villages in the county presents a pattern of “high in the east and low in the west” in space, which has a strong correlation with the terrain. (3) The main influencing factors of the comprehensive poverty alleviation effectiveness are the proportion of people out of poverty who suffer from serious diseases and long-term chronic diseases, the distance from the administrative village to the county seat, the age structure, percentage of households with average income higher than the county's level, and the status of the labor force. The foundation of village development and the natural elements are the fundamental factors affecting the effectiveness of poverty alleviation. The population structure of the village is the vital factor affecting the spatial distribution of poverty alleviation, and the development potential of the hamlet is the continuous driving force to consolidate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.
JIANG Lingxiao , AN Yue , TAN Xuelan , YU Hangling , WANG Zhenkai , CHEN Yuan . The spatial differentiation and influence mechanism of poverty alleviation effectiveness at the village level: A case study from 84 villages shaking off poverty of Xinhuang County, Hunan Province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2022 , 41(4) : 1136 -1151 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020210056
表1 新晃县出列村域脱贫成效评价指标体系Tab. 1 Evaluation index system of poverty alleviation in Xinhuang County |
目标层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 权重 | 计算方式 | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
村域脱贫 成效水平 | 经济建设 成效 | 村人均集体经济年收入 | 0.020 | 村集体经济年收入/村总人口 | + |
村贫困发生率 | 0.008 | 村未脱贫人口/村总人口 | - | ||
村人均纯收入 | 0.023 | 村调查问卷 | + | ||
村人均生活消费支出 | 0.014 | 村调查问卷 | + | ||
享受扶贫分红收入人数占比 | 0.087 | 享受扶贫分红收入人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
村返贫率 | 0.002 | 返贫人口/村总脱贫人口 | - | ||
基础与公共服务设施建设成效 | 每千人邮政局、快递点个数 | 0.035 | 村邮政局个数×1000/村总人口 | + | |
每千人新增或完善学校个数 | 0.137 | 村学校个数×1000/村总人口 | + | ||
每千人新增或完善卫生室个数 | 0.030 | 村卫生室个数×1000/村总人口 | + | ||
卫生厕所普及率 | 0.002 | 有卫生厕所脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
入户道路硬化率 | 0.002 | 入户类型为硬化路脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
使用清洁能源占比 | 0.126 | 使用清洁能源的脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
生活保障成效 | 接受大病救助保险率 | 0.036 | 参加大病救助保险的脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 | + | |
2014年以来村域危房改造率 | 0.025 | 村危房改造户数/村总户数 | + | ||
2014年以来村域易地搬迁率 | 0.048 | 村易地搬迁人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
享受低保金人数占比 | 0.016 | 享受低保金人数村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
就业保障成效 | 参与合作社脱贫人员占村总人口比例 | 0.017 | 参与合作社脱贫人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + | |
公益性岗位覆盖率 | 0.073 | 公益性岗位就业的脱贫人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
村龙头企业带动就业率 | 0.040 | 村龙头企业带动就业的脱贫人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
村创业致富人带动就业率 | 0.216 | 村创业致富人带动就业的脱贫人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + | ||
二三产业就业率 | 0.045 | 村二三产业就业的脱贫人数/村建档立卡总人口 | + |
注:指标性质“+”“-”指的是指标值与脱贫成效的关系,“+”为正向指标,“-”为负向指标。 |
表2 新晃县村域脱贫成效空间分异影响因子探测结果Tab. 2 Detection results of factors affecting the spatial differentiation of poverty alleviation effectiveness in Xinhuang County |
影响因子 | q值 | 排序 | 计算方式 |
---|---|---|---|
患有大病及长期慢性病的脱贫人口占比 | 0.325 | 1 | 患有大病及长期慢性病的脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 |
行政村距县城距离 | 0.262 | 2 | - |
年龄结构 | 0.236 | 3 | 16岁以下与60岁以上人口/村总人口 |
户均收入高于县人均收入户数占比 | 0.214 | 4 | 户均收入高于2019年县人均均收入的脱贫户数/村脱贫总户数 |
劳动力状况 | 0.206 | 5 | 有劳动能力的脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 |
残疾脱贫人口占比 | 0.204 | 6 | 患有残疾的脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 |
初中及初中以上学历的脱贫人口占比 | 0.199 | 7 | 初中及初中以上学历的脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 |
村平均海拔 | 0.180 | 8 | Arcgis 10.2软件提取 |
村人均耕地面积 | 0.165 | 9 | 村耕地面积/总人口 |
村地形起伏度 | 0.159 | 10 | R=Hmax-Hmin |
民族结构 | 0.106 | 11 | 少数民族脱贫人口/村建档立卡总人口 |
真诚感谢匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文的研究思路、脱贫成效评价指标选取、结果分析、结论梳理方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
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