Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of Chinese population at town level
Received date: 2021-06-08
Accepted date: 2021-09-02
Online published: 2022-07-10
Research on high-resolution population evolution is of great reference for understanding, simulating, and managing the human-nature interrelationship. Town-level demographic data is the highest-resolution data publicly released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Therefore, it is of great significance to collect the population data of China at town level, and to carry out research on the spatiotemporal evolution and its influencing factors of Chinese population at town level. In this study, we established a spatial database of Chinese population at town level in 2010 and 2015, and then revealed its spatial and temporal pattern and influencing factors by Geographic Information System (GIS) analytical methods and Geodetector model. The results showed that: (1) In 2015, the average population of towns was 29,500, and the average population density was 374 persons/km2. Furthermore, there existed large spatial heterogeneity in China, the number of townships with a population of more than 10,000 is 781, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, while the number of townships with a population of less than 5,000 is 2,498, mainly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia. (2) The distribution of population and land area of townships was greatly uneven. There were 19,403 (60.81%) townships with a population density of more than 150 persons/km2, and their total population and land area accounted for 81.76% and 20.27%, respectively, which was approximately in line with “Pareto's Law”. (3) From 2010 to 2015, more than 70% towns’ population increased, by contrast, the population of more than 9,000 towns decreased, of which more than 1,600 towns experienced a population loss of more than 20%, and most of them were located in the border areas of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Yunnan. (4) The population distribution is comprehensively affected by physical geography (e.g., relief degree of land surface, negative effect) and socio-economic factors (e.g., night time light index and road density, positive effect), and its mechanism has obvious spatial stratified heterogeneity in different regions. This study argues that the rapid population growth or loss brings great challenges for harmonizing human-environment relationships, such as territory spatial planning, rural revitalization and national border security.
Key words: towns; population distribution; Geodetector; driving factor; China
YIN Xu , WANG Jing , LI Yurui , FENG Zhiming , QI Wei . Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of Chinese population at town level[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2022 , 41(5) : 1245 -1261 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020210479
表1 2010年和2015年中国乡镇人口的密度分级Tab. 1 Classification of town-level population density in China in 2010 and 2015 |
人口密度 (人/km2) | 乡镇个数 | 总人口(万人) | 人口占比(%) | 面积(万km2) | 面积占比(%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010年 | 2015年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | |
0~1 | 293 | 276 | 78.69 | 72.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 232.50 | 224.42 | 26.70 | 25.77 |
1~25 | 2616 | 2498 | 1753.99 | 1738.51 | 2.02 | 1.84 | 259.03 | 264.85 | 29.75 | 30.41 |
25~50 | 2315 | 2114 | 2441.79 | 2373.42 | 2.82 | 2.52 | 66.03 | 63.92 | 7.58 | 7.34 |
50~100 | 4560 | 4216 | 6783.73 | 6363.06 | 7.83 | 6.75 | 92.54 | 86.76 | 10.63 | 9.96 |
100~200 | 6230 | 6036 | 12755.90 | 12799.87 | 14.72 | 13.58 | 89.48 | 89.77 | 10.28 | 10.31 |
200~400 | 7197 | 7007 | 20890.85 | 20932.21 | 24.10 | 22.20 | 72.90 | 73.25 | 8.37 | 8.41 |
400~500 | 2433 | 2517 | 8649.39 | 9389.87 | 9.98 | 9.96 | 19.37 | 20.99 | 2.22 | 2.41 |
500~1000 | 4881 | 5497 | 21269.01 | 25420.62 | 24.54 | 26.97 | 32.27 | 38.13 | 3.71 | 4.38 |
>1000 | 1384 | 1748 | 12050.93 | 15178.55 | 13.90 | 16.10 | 6.68 | 8.72 | 0.77 | 1.00 |
表2 2010年和2015年中国乡镇人口密度与增长类型的耦合特征Tab. 2 Coupling characteristics of town-level population density and growth types in China |
人口密度 (人/km2) | 负向增长(<0) (乡镇个数,占比) | 稳定增长(0~25%) (乡镇个数,占比) | 快速增长(>25%) (乡镇个数,占比) |
---|---|---|---|
低密度(<100) | 低密度负向增长(2713, 8.50) | 低密度稳定增长(5092, 15.96) | 低密度快速增长(1979, 6.20) |
中密度(100~500) | 中密度负向增长(4452, 13.95) | 中密度稳定增长(8062, 25.27) | 中密度快速增长(3346, 10.49) |
高密度(>500) | 高密度负向增长(2108, 6.61) | 高密度稳定增长(3137, 9.83) | 高密度快速增长(1020, 3.20) |
from 2010 to 2015 |
表3 2010—2015年中国乡镇人口密度及变化率影响因子探测结果Tab. 3 Detection results of town-level population density and change rate in China from 2010 to 2015 |
影响因子 | 降水 | >10°积温 | 夜光指数 | 地形起伏度 | 农田生产潜力 | 侵蚀度 | 路网密度 | NPP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010人口密度 | 0.010** | 0.050** | 0.435** | 0.103** | 0.053** | 0.023** | 0.472** | 0.008** |
2015人口密度 | 0.012** | 0.054** | 0.376** | 0.102** | 0.056** | 0.025** | 0.477** | 0.007** |
人口密度变化率 | 0.011** | 0.006** | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.006** |
注:**表示0.01水平上显著相关。 |
表4 2010年中国四大地理区域乡镇人口密度分布的影响因子探测Tab. 4 Detection results of town-level population density in four geographical regions of China in 2010 |
降水 | >10°C积温 | 夜光指数 | 地形起伏度 | 农田生产潜力 | 侵蚀度 | 路网密度 | NPP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全国 | 0.010** | 0.050** | 0.435** | 0.103** | 0.053** | 0.023** | 0.472** | 0.008** |
东北 | 0.003 | 0.045** | 0.473** | 0.027** | 0.011** | 0.073** | 0.374** | 0.048** |
东部 | 0.077** | 0.043** | 0.569** | 0.102** | 0.018** | 0.012** | 0.432** | 0.243** |
中部 | 0.031** | 0.007** | 0.449** | 0.114** | 0.060** | 0.014** | 0.410** | 0.051** |
西部 | 0.021** | 0.046** | 0.373** | 0.066** | 0.081** | 0.019** | 0.670** | 0.019** |
注:**表示在0.01水平上显著相关。 |
真诚感谢匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文研究综述、整体研究框架设计、结果分析、结论梳理方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
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