The impact of green technological innovation on the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities in China
Received date: 2022-03-21
Accepted date: 2022-12-05
Online published: 2023-03-14
In the context of the dual carbon target, green technological innovation is one of the important paths to promote the low-carbon transformation of resource-based cities. This study measures the carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities from 2003 to 2018 using the super efficiency Slack-Based Measure model considering non-desired outputs, explores its spatiotemporal divergence characteristics and evolution process using kernel density estimation and Theil index decomposition, and analyzes the impact of green technological innovation on carbon emission efficiency through a panel regression model. The research results show that: (1) The carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities shows a growth trend of accelerated increase in time followed by a slow fluctuating increase, from 0.164 in 2003 to 0.394 in 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 6.02%, and there is still some room for improvement. (2) The regional differences in carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities show an expanding trend, and the internal differences in carbon emission efficiency of the four major regions of China are the main reason for the continuous expansion of spatial differences; there are obvious spatial clustering characteristics of cities with higher and lower carbon emission efficiency, and the carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities at each development stage shows the regional difference characteristics of growing cities > mature cities > regenerating cities > declining cities. (3) Green patent authorization is significantly and positively correlated with carbon emission efficiency; among the control variables, economic development level is significantly and positively correlated with carbon emission efficiency, while industrial structure and environmental regulation are significantly and negatively correlated with carbon emission efficiency. After the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, the driving role of green technological innovation is enhanced, and the effect of each element of green technological innovation on carbon emission efficiency in resource-based cities in the four major regions and at different development stages shows heterogeneity. This study proposes countermeasures and suggestions in terms of improving the capital investment mechanism, strengthening human capital accumulation, promoting the transformation of innovation achievements, and implementing differentiated countermeasures, so as to provide suggestions for accelerating green technological innovation and low-carbon transformation in resource-based cities.
XU Yingqi , CHENG Yu , WANG Jingjing . The impact of green technological innovation on the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities in China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2023 , 42(3) : 878 -894 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020220256
表1 资源型城市碳排放效率泰尔指数区域地带分解Tab. 1 Decomposition of Theil index of carbon emission efficiency in resource-based cities |
| 年份 | 东部内 | 中部内 | 西部内 | 东北内 | 组内差异 | 组间差异 | 总差异 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 0.0035 | 0.0222 | 0.0365 | 0.0093 | 0.0716 | 0.0036 | 0.0752 |
| 2008 | 0.0054 | 0.0098 | 0.0336 | 0.0085 | 0.0573 | 0.0038 | 0.0611 |
| 2013 | 0.0061 | 0.0089 | 0.0325 | 0.0102 | 0.0576 | 0.0022 | 0.0598 |
| 2018 | 0.0067 | 0.0163 | 0.0544 | 0.0173 | 0.0948 | 0.0059 | 0.1007 |
表2 回归方程主要变量表Tab. 2 Main variables of regression equation |
| 指标属性 | 指标(变量名) | 指标解释 |
|---|---|---|
| 被解释变量 | 碳排放效率(CEE) | 超效率SBM模型测算的碳排放效率值 |
| 解释变量 | 绿色技术创新(GTI) | 绿色发明专利+绿色实用新型专利授权数 |
| 控制变量 | 经济发展水平(ED) | 人均GDP |
| 产业结构(IS) | 第二产业增加值/GDP | |
| 人口密度(POP) | 总人口数/市域面积 | |
| 外资强度(FDI) | 当年实际使用外资金额/GDP | |
| 环境规制(ER) | 熵权法测算的单位产值工业废水、SO2和烟(粉)尘 |
表3 面板数据的平稳性检验Tab. 3 Stability test of panel data |
| 变量 | PP统计量 | P值 | ADF统计量 | P值 | 结论 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CEE | 3.4694 | 0.0003 | 13.8771 | 0.0000 | 平稳 |
| GTI | 2.9819 | 0.0014 | 2.1671 | 0.0151 | 平稳 |
| ED | 8.3403 | 0.0000 | 10.2218 | 0.0000 | 平稳 |
| IS | 9.9463 | 0.0000 | 13.2547 | 0.0000 | 平稳 |
| POP | 9.9495 | 0.0000 | 13.4859 | 0.0000 | 平稳 |
| FDI | 11.3845 | 0.0000 | 13.4656 | 0.0000 | 平稳 |
| ER | 19.0430 | 0.0000 | 13.2260 | 0.0000 | 平稳 |
表4 基准回归结果Tab. 4 Benchmark regression results |
| 变量 | 随机效应模型 | 个体固定效应模型 | 时刻固定效应模型 | 双向固定效应模型 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTI | -0.0274*** | -0.0310*** | 0.0306*** | 0.0255*** |
| (-3.66) | (-4.14) | (3.54) | (2.89) | |
| ED | 0.4264*** | 0.4680*** | 0.0459** | 0.1218*** |
| (24.35) | (26.46) | (2.19) | (5.40) | |
| IS | 0.2488*** | 0.3081*** | 0.0820* | -0.0802 |
| (6.16) | (7.52) | (1.85) | (-1.64) | |
| POP | 0.0143 | -0.0053 | 0.0001 | -0.0165 |
| (0.72) | (-0.20) | (0.01) | (-1.41) | |
| FDI | -0.0085* | -0.0106** | -0.0130** | -0.0077 |
| (-1.75) | (-2.21) | (-2.17) | (-1.13) | |
| ER | -0.0622*** | -0.0403*** | -0.2196*** | -0.2040*** |
| (-5.82) | (-3.75) | (-17.34) | (-15.71) | |
| Cons | -6.7876*** | -7.2662*** | -2.9286*** | -3.1108*** |
| (-32.13) | (-31.39) | (-15.87) | (-17.42) | |
| City | NO | YES | NO | YES |
| Year | NO | NO | YES | YES |
| F统计量 | — | 35.12 | 18.01 | 2.03 |
| R2 | 0.7003 | 0.7025 | 0.2040 | 0.5244 |
注:***、**和*分别代表1%、5%和10%的显著性水平;括号内为聚类稳健的标准误;Cons为常数项。 |
表5 分时间回归结果Tab. 5 The regression results by time |
| 变量 | 2003—2011年 | 2012—2018年 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | ||
| GTI | 0.0058 | 0.0051 | 0.0229* | -0.0301** | -0.0404*** | 0.0424*** | |
| (0.62) | (0.53) | (1.93) | (-2.07) | (-2.62) | (2.75) | ||
| 控制变量 | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| Cons | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
| City | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES | |
| Year | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES | |
| F统计量 | — | 26.87 | 1.29 | — | 26.22 | 1.66 | |
| R2 | 0.7583 | 0.7616 | 0.5287 | 0.1606 | 0.1742 | 0.2288 | |
表6 四大区域资源型城市绿色技术创新影响Tab. 6 Impact of green technological innovation in resource-based cities of four regions |
| 变量 | 东部城市 | 中部城市 | 西部城市 | 东北城市 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | ||||
| GTI | -0.0424*** | -0.0484*** | -0.0190 | -0.0484*** | -0.0767*** | 0.0018 | 0.0043 | 0.0078 | 0.0740*** | -0.0169 | -0.0104 | -0.0078 | |||
| (-2.72) | (-2.99) | (-1.02) | (-3.65) | (-5.85) | (0.14) | (0.27) | (0.50) | (3.69) | (-0.85) | (-0.51) | (-0.39) | ||||
| 控制变量 | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Cons | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | |||
| City | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES | |||
| Year | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES | |||
| F统计量 | — | 19.05 | 0.72 | — | 31.68 | 2.30 | — | 31.79 | 1.42 | — | 35.09 | 1.54 | |||
| R2 | 0.8169 | 0.8185 | 0.6881 | 0.7226 | 0.7344 | 0.5062 | 0.6320 | 0.6362 | 0.4119 | 0.8282 | 0.8318 | 0.7137 | |||
表7 不同发展阶段资源型城市绿色技术创新影响Tab. 7 Impact of green technological innovation in resource-based cities at different development stages |
| 变量 | 成长型城市 | 成熟型城市 | 衰退型城市 | 再生型城市 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | Re | Fe | Fe-tw | |
| GTI | -0.0990*** | -0.1003*** | -0.0417 | -0.0003 | -0.0022 | 0.0219 * | -0.0103 | -0.0165 | -0.0358 * | -0.0567*** | -0.0839*** | -0.0015 |
| (-3.91) | (-3.78) | (-1.02) | (-0.03) | (-0.22) | (1.82) | (-0.68) | (-1.09) | (-1.91) | (-2.96) | (-4.68) | (-0.04) | |
| 控制变量 | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Cons | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| City | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES | NO | YES | YES |
| Year | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES | NO | NO | YES |
| F统计量 | — | 22.15 | 0.88 | — | 27.92 | 1.29 | — | 31.66 | 2.70 | — | 36.42 | 1.17 |
| R2 | 0.7336 | 0.7345 | 0.6325 | 0.6540 | 0.6573 | 0.5043 | 0.8343 | 0.8356 | 0.7354 | 0.8840 | 0.7985 | 0.6837 |
表8 稳健性检验结果Tab. 8 Robustness test results |
| 变量 | 全样本 | 东部城市 | 中部城市 | 西部城市 | 东北城市 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTI | 0.0159* | -0.0281 | 0.0196* | 0.0552*** | -0.0136 |
| (1.80) | (-1.63) | (1.66) | (2.96) | (-0.69) | |
| ED | 0.0999*** | 0.3194*** | 0.0425 | 0.1069*** | 0.3222*** |
| (4.81) | (8.72) | (1.20) | (2.81) | (6.10) | |
| IS | 0.133*** | -0.2126*** | 0.1417 | -0.0422 | 0.1871*** |
| (2.83) | (-2.90) | (1.30) | (-0.44) | (2.97) | |
| POP | 0.0013 | 0.039** | -0.0952*** | 0.0403* | -0.1663*** |
| (0.10) | (2.07) | (-4.21) | (1.87) | (-5.54) | |
| FDI | -0.0020 | -0.0840*** | 0.0098 | 0.0270* | 0.0371*** |
| (-0.26) | (-6.34) | (0.70) | (1.78) | (3.94) | |
| ER | -0.2009*** | -0.1324*** | -0.1994*** | -0.1459*** | -0.1692*** |
| (-14.42) | (-5.85) | (-7.92) | (-5.77) | (-6.28) | |
| Cons | -3.4838*** | -4.7255*** | -2.3007*** | -2.6657*** | -4.8899*** |
| (-18.35) | (-14.24) | (-6.61) | (-7.47) | (-12.14) | |
| R2 | 0.3716 | 0.7102 | 0.3656 | 0.2995 | 0.6760 |
注:***、**和*分别代表1%、5%和10%的显著性水平。 |
诚挚感谢匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文文献综述、影响因素探讨及文本逻辑梳理方面的修改意见,使作者受益匪浅。
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