Precision scale-based research on the spatiotemporal coverage efficacy of urban emergency shelters: A case study in the main urban area of Nanjing
Received date: 2023-12-14
Accepted date: 2024-05-23
Online published: 2024-11-07
Urban emergency shelters are the places and facilities where the life and property of people are protected when and after disasters happen. A reasonable spatial layout of these places and facilities plays a crucial role in protecting the life of residents from major disasters such as earthquakes. With the main urban area of Nanjing as an example, mobile user portrait data are analyzed in this paper to obtain the information on daytime and nighttime distribution of urban populations. Travel time data are collected through path planning, and the accessibility of emergency shelters is calculated through the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method. Also, the information on the number of people taking shelter is used to analyze the supply-demand ratio of emergency shelters. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There is a clear spatial separation of work from residence as shown by the distribution of population in the main urban area of Nanjing, and the density of population is higher in the core urban area than in the outer urban area. The spatial difference in daytime population density is more significant than in nighttime population density, and the spatial layout of emergency shelters is closely related to population density. The emergency shelters accessible within 30 minutes cover a large number of residents whether during daytime or nighttime, showing a basically high overall efficiency of coverage. (2) The accessibility of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing is generally low, showing a relatively high level in the outer urban area better than in the core urban area. The fluctuation of accessibility during daytime and nighttime is generally insignificant, with a negative correlation shown between accessibility and population density. There is unevenness in the spatial distribution of accessibility of emergency shelters. (3) The overall supply-demand ratio of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing is low, showing a higher level in the outer urban area than in the core urban area. In the core urban area and Jiangbei district, it is imperative to strengthen the construction and layout optimization of emergency shelters. Finally, suggestions are made in this paper to solve the problems with the spatial layout of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing. One is to increase the overall number of shelters and the other is to optimize the layout of the existing ones.
GE Haoyu , CAO Weidong , SONG Weixuan . Precision scale-based research on the spatiotemporal coverage efficacy of urban emergency shelters: A case study in the main urban area of Nanjing[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2024 , 43(11) : 2887 -2901 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020231138
表1 南京主城区应急避难场所供需比Tab. 1 The supply-demand ratio of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing |
昼夜 | 时间 | 分区 | 供需比≥1 | 供需比<1 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
人口单元(个) | 占比 (%) | 人口数量(人) | 占比 (%) | 人口单元(个) | 占比 (%) | 人口数量/(人) | 占比 (%) | ||||
日间 | 10 min | 核心区 | 204 | 13.09 | 125660 | 10.60 | 483 | 30.98 | 632478 | 53.33 | |
外城区 | 643 | 41.24 | 278834 | 23.51 | 229 | 14.69 | 149008 | 12.56 | |||
20 min | 核心区 | 194 | 4.34 | 110695 | 3.51 | 1634 | 36.58 | 1871360 | 59.34 | ||
外城区 | 1058 | 23.68 | 443323 | 14.06 | 1581 | 35.39 | 728135 | 23.09 | |||
30 min | 核心区 | 289 | 4.22 | 138511 | 3.21 | 2330 | 34.05 | 2402431 | 55.68 | ||
外城区 | 1246 | 18.21 | 438530 | 10.16 | 2977 | 43.51 | 1334923 | 30.94 | |||
夜间 | 10 min | 核心区 | 215 | 14.14 | 154071 | 9.55 | 457 | 30.05 | 709962 | 44.03 | |
外城区 | 392 | 25.77 | 250151 | 15.51 | 457 | 30.05 | 498429 | 30.91 | |||
20 min | 核心区 | 135 | 3.09 | 84884 | 2.01 | 1672 | 38.24 | 2138092 | 50.51 | ||
外城区 | 629 | 14.39 | 361387 | 8.54 | 1936 | 44.28 | 1648410 | 38.94 | |||
30 min | 核心区 | 181 | 2.73 | 107354 | 1.87 | 2384 | 35.97 | 2746418 | 47.82 | ||
外城区 | 656 | 9.90 | 340831 | 5.93 | 3406 | 51.40 | 2549141 | 44.38 |
衷心感谢两位评审专家在审阅论文时所花费的时间和精力,评审专家对本文的覆盖效能概念界定、两步移动搜索法和供需比计算方法的凝练、整体语言逻辑等方面提出的建议,使本文获益匪浅。
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