Differentiating characteristics and comprehensive effects of household energy transition in agro-pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau
Received date: 2024-11-05
Accepted date: 2024-12-03
Online published: 2025-07-31
The energy transition within households of agro-pastoral regions has emerged as a pivotal pathway for re-establishing the human-land dynamic on the Qingzang Plateau. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the current status and comprehensive impacts of household energy transitions across various regions, ethnicities, and livelihoods within the plateau, based on a dataset of 1,591 survey questionnaires collected during the Second Scientific Expedition to the Qingzang Plateau. Utilizing a Random Forest model, we have identified the key drivers of household energy transitions. Our findings indicate the following: (1) The energy consumption structure among agro-pastoral households on the Qingzang Plateau remains relatively primitive, with a significant dependence on coal and traditional biomass energy sources. Notably, households in Xizang and Han Chinese households exhibit higher levels of energy transition compared to other regions and ethnic groups, respectively. (2) The heavy reliance on primary biomass energy alleviates the energy transition burden for Xizang households but also leads to substantial pollutant emissions. Households with higher energy transition levels, particularly Han Chinese and agricultural households, demonstrate greater energy satisfaction, with significant social and environmental benefits. (3) Household income, altitude, and family size are identified as key determinants of energy transition on the Qingzang Plateau, with the impact of these drivers showing distinct nonlinear characteristics. Theoretical frameworks such as the energy ladder theory and tipping point theory are applicable in the study of household energy transitions in this region. This research provides a theoretical foundation for devising context-specific transition policies, promoting balanced development, and achieving inclusive and mutually beneficial outcomes, thereby fostering the green and sustainable development of the energy system on the Qingzang Plateau.
DANG Niu , WANG Qiang , HUANG Xueting , XU Ruling , YANG Yinuo , ZHANG Xin . Differentiating characteristics and comprehensive effects of household energy transition in agro-pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2025 , 44(8) : 2237 -2250 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020241196
表1 不同类型能源排放因子Tab. 1 Emission factors for different types of energy |
| 能源类型 | CO2 | CH4 | NOX | SO2 | PM2.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 电力(g/kWh) | 147.61 | 0.36 | 0.89 | 1.37 | 0.16 |
| 沼气(g/kg) | 140.00 | - | 0.48 | 1.68 | 0.24 |
| 液化气(g/kg) | 3,127.81 | 0.05 | 2.20 | 0.18 | 0.35 |
| 汽油(g/kg) | 3,448.94 | 1.11 | 7.94 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| 煤炭(g/kg) | 1,963.35 | 1.47 | 1.83 | 9.59 | 8.31 |
| 牛粪(g/kg) | 903.59 | 3.76 | 2.45 | 2.64 | 10.17 |
| 柴薪(g/kg) | 1,522.99 | 2.36 | 1.44 | 0.46 | 4.67 |
表3 青藏高原农牧区家庭能源消费的环境效应Tab. 3 Environmental effects of household energy consumption in agro-pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau |
| 家庭类型 | CO2(kg) | CH4(g) | NOX(g) | SO2(g) | PM2.5(g) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 区域 | 青海 | 7,964 | 10,888 | 15,548 | 26,316 | 32,556 | ||
| 西藏 | 7,696 | 23,036 | 20,148 | 21,788 | 58,762 | |||
| 生计类型 | 农业 | 6,253 | 8,044 | 12,220 | 19,517 | 11,416 | ||
| 农牧兼业 | 8,332 | 13,148 | 17,577 | 26,167 | 18,459 | |||
| 牧业 | 8,209 | 22,467 | 19,910 | 25,403 | 29,967 | |||
| 民族 | 汉族 | 4,008 | 4,534 | 6,586 | 19,814 | 16,292 | ||
| 藏族 | 8,143 | 17,044 | 18,766 | 23,840 | 45,286 | |||
| 蒙古族 | 7,094 | 16,324 | 12,410 | 25,394 | 49,742 | |||
| 其他民族 | 8,050 | 9,324 | 11,346 | 37,648 | 37,118 | |||
表4 青藏高原农牧区家庭能源转型的社会-经济效益Tab. 4 Socio-economic benefits of household energy transition in agro-pastoral areas of the Qingzang Plateau |
| 家庭类型 | 家庭收入(元) | 能源支出(元) | 能源负担(%) | 能源满意度 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值 | 中位数 | 平均值 | 中位数 | 平均值 | 中位数 | 平均值 | 中位数 | |||||
| 青海 | 56,164.12 | 55,000 | 5,807.37 | 3,200 | 10.34 | 5.82 | 3.72 | 4 | ||||
| 西藏 | 33,445.94 | 64,000 | 2,140.54 | 2,400 | 6.40 | 3.75 | 3.64 | 4 | ||||
| 农业 | 49,276.12 | 75,000 | 4,272.24 | 3,150 | 8.67 | 4.20 | 3.79 | 4 | ||||
| 农牧兼业 | 58,151.82 | 56,800 | 6,565.34 | 3,550 | 11.29 | 6.25 | 3.78 | 4 | ||||
| 牧业 | 20,315.44 | 34,500 | 2,092.49 | 2,200 | 10.30 | 6.37 | 3.70 | 4 | ||||
| 汉族 | 38,917.81 | 40,000 | 2,949.97 | 1,200 | 7.58 | 3.00 | 3.60 | 4 | ||||
| 藏族 | 42,549.02 | 62,000 | 4,557.00 | 2,400 | 10.71 | 3.87 | 3.80 | 4 | ||||
| 蒙古族 | 63,697.41 | 75,000 | 738.89 | 450 | 1.16 | 0.60 | 3.14 | 3 | ||||
| 其他民族 | 34,038.97 | 43,000 | 4,026.81 | 2,500 | 11.83 | 5.83 | 3.48 | 4 | ||||
感谢两位匿名审稿人对本文研究思路、结果分析与行文细节的深刻意见,使本文获益匪浅;本文涉及的问卷调查由第二次青藏科考“生态安全保障的地域功能类型与区划”分队师生组织实施,并得到青海师范大学地理科学学院师生的大力协助,特此致以诚挚感谢!
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