EN中文

GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH >

2026 , Vol. 45 >Issue 2: 492 - 509

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj020250662

Vulnerability Response and Sustainable Development Path

Negative lock-in and resource-focused action: A study on the transformation of underdeveloped mountainous villages

  • HUANG Chengkun , 1, 2 ,
  • ZHANG Xingfa 3 ,
  • XU Hong , 1, 2
Expand
  • 1 College of Tourism and Service Management, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2 Research Center of Leisure Agriculture and Rural Tourism, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 3 School of Business, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China

Received date: 2025-06-03

  Accepted date: 2025-10-24

  Online published: 2026-02-03

Fold

Abstract

The persistent constraints of locational disadvantages and inefficient factor allocation have long hindered the development of underdeveloped mountainous villages. Exploring their counter-adversity transformation pathways is of great significance for advancing Chinese-style agricultural and rural modernization as well as common prosperity. This study integrates the theoretical perspectives of “negative lock-in” and “resource-focused action” to construct a comprehensive analytical framework. Using Yanbo Village in Guizhou Province as a case, the study applies qualitative research methods to examine the stage-based evolution and driving mechanisms of its counter-adversity transformation. The findings reveal that: (1) The counter-adversity transformation of Yanbo Village in overcoming negative lock-in can be divided into three stages: breakthrough, expansion, and elevation. Resource-focused action evolved from basic resource bricolage, to systematic resource choreography, and eventually to multidimensional resource orchestration, forming a diversified development system aligned with local realities and market demands. (2) The village's transformation has relied on a synergistic mechanism of “internal resource integration and external resource acquisition”, which has driven the optimization of resource structures and the conversion of development potential across four dimensions: human capital, benefit distribution, governance, and external support. (3) The essence of Yanbo Village's counter-adversity transformation does not lie in the external infusion of a single resource, but rather in a systemic process grounded in local agency, characterized by multi-resource synergy and the progressive optimization of development mechanisms. This transformation embodies a logic of internal integration, external linkage, and collaborative value enhancement. This study expands the theoretical understanding of rural transformation under the dilemma of negative lock-in and provides practical insights for the development of similar regions.

Key words： negative lock-in; resource-focused action; underdeveloped mountainous villages; rural transformation; Yanbo Village

Cite this article

HUANG Chengkun , ZHANG Xingfa , XU Hong . Negative lock-in and resource-focused action: A study on the transformation of underdeveloped mountainous villages[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2026 , 45(2) : 492 -509 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020250662

真诚感谢两位匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力，评审专家在本文的案例切入视角、概念阐释、案例内容分析、文字凝练化表述等方面提出了宝贵的修改意见，使本文获益匪浅！同时，也十分感谢南开大学旅游与服务学院博士生何健薇、李慧、万紫微和曹欣月在本研究实地调研过程中，所提供的帮助！

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
戈大专. 新时代中国乡村空间特征及其多尺度治理. 地理学报, 2023, 78(8): 1849-1868.

DOI

[Ge Dazhuan. The characteristics and multi-scale governance of rural space in the New Era in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(8): 1849-1868.]

DOI

[2]
刘彦随, 杨林朋, 郭远智. 中国欠发达县域的空间识别及其发展路径. 地理科学, 2025, 45(2): 239-253.

DOI

[Liu Yansui, Yang Linpeng, Guo Yuanzhi. Spatial identification of underdeveloped counties in China and their development paths. Geographical Science, 2025, 45(2): 239-253.]

[3]
刘倩, 周晶, 雷洋洋, 等. 欠发达山区老年人相对贫困风险与发展恢复力评估. 地理学报, 2025, 80(1): 236-256.

DOI

[Liu Qian, Zhou Jing, Lei Yangyang, et al. Evaluation and formation mechanism of elder adults' development resilience under the disturbance of relative poverty risk in Shizhu county, Chongqing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2025, 80(1): 236-256.]

DOI

[4]
曾灿, 李伯华, 李翠菲, 等. 欠发达地区村庄发展类型识别与振兴对策: 以湘西州凤凰县为例. 经济地理, 2021, 41(12): 167-176.

DOI

[Zeng Can, Li Bohua, Li Cuifei, et al. Type identification of village development in underdeveloped areas and its revitalization countermeasures: Take Fenghuang County, Hunan as an example. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(12): 167-176.]

[5]
殷江滨, 李尚谦, 姜磊, 等. 中国连片特困地区非农就业增长的时空特征与驱动因素. 地理学报, 2021, 76(6): 1471-1488.

DOI

[Yin Jiangbin, Li Shangqian, Jiang Lei, et al. The spatio-temporal variations and driving factors of non-farm employment growth in contiguous destitute areas of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1471-1488.]

DOI

[6]
李卓, 董彦峰. 资源匮乏型村庄产业现代化路径探索. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 23(3): 91-100.

[Li Zhuo, Dong Yanfeng. Research on the path of agricultural modernization in resource-deficient villages. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science), 2023, 23(3): 91-100.]

[7]
文琦, 郑殿元. 西北贫困地区乡村类型识别与振兴途径研究. 地理研究, 2019, 38(3): 509-521.

DOI

[Wen Qi, Zheng Dianyuan. Identification and revitalization of rural poverty-stricken areas in northwest China. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(3): 509-521.]

[8]
李瑞鹏, 魏后凯. 中国欠发达地区识别、 类型与发展政策. 中国农村经济, 2025(5): 16-37.

[Li Ruipeng, Wei Houkai. Identification, types, and development policy of less-developed areas in China. Chinese Rural Economy, 2025(5): 16-37.]

[9]
兰甜甜, 于海波. 县域城乡融合赋能乡村产业振兴: 核心逻辑、 关键约束与实现路径. 经济纵横, 2025(5): 99-105.

[Lan Tiantian, Yu Haibo. County-level urban-rural integration empowers rural industry revitalization: Core logic, key constraints, and implementation paths. Economic Review Journal, 2025(5): 99-105.]

[10]
Long H L, Tu S S, Ge D Z, et al. The allocation and management of critical resources in rural China under restructuring: Problems and prospects. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 47: 392-412.

DOI

[11]
刘天琦, 宋俊杰. 财政支农政策助推乡村振兴的路径、 问题与对策. 经济纵横, 2020(6): 55-60.

[Liu Tianqi, Song Junjie. The path, problems and countermeasures of the fiscal policy to boost rural revitalization. Economic Review Journal, 2020(6): 55-60.]

[12]
许汉泽. 产业进园: 欠发达地区乡村产业振兴的新趋向: 对H县“镇园产业联盟”模式的考察. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 21(6): 152-163.

[Xu Hanze. Industry into the park under the new trend of rural industry revitalization in underdeveloped areas: An investigation on the model of “town-park industrial alliance” in H county. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences), 2021, 21(6): 152-163.]

[13]
周力, 刘宗志, 沈坤荣. “万企帮万村”的引资与农户增收效应研究. 中国农村经济, 2025(2): 110-130.

[Zhou Li, Liu Zongzhi, Shen Kunrong. The investment attraction and rural household income increase effects of the “ten thousand enterprises help ten thousand villages” policy. Chinese Rural Economy, 2025(2): 110-130.]

[14]
孙顶强, 刘丹, 杨馨越. 现代农业产业园创建能否促进农户增收: 基于产业集聚视角的经验分析. 中国农村经济, 2024(12): 23-43.

[Sun Dingqiang, Liu Dan, Yang Xinyue. Do modern agricultural industrial parks promote the income growth of farmers? An empirical analysis from the perspective of industrial agglomeration. Chinese Rural Economy, 2024(12): 23-43.]

[15]
涂颖洁. 乡村振兴背景下驻村帮扶对乡村连接性社会资本的影响. 经济地理, 2024, 44(8): 191-200.

DOI

[Tu Yingjie. Influence of resident village assistance on rural bridging social capital under the background of rural revitalization. Economic Geography, 2024, 44(8): 191-200.]

DOI

[16]
Shen M R, Shen J F. State-led commodification of rural China and the sustainable provision of public goods in question: A case study of Tangjiajia, Nanjing. Journal of Rural Studies, 2022, 93: 449-460.

DOI

[17]
符平, 王铭皓. 现代化进程中村庄发展的“转型陷阱”. 河北学刊, 2025, 45(4): 151-162.

[Fu Ping, Wang Minghao. The “transitional trap” of village development in the process of modernization. Hebei Academic Journal, 2025, 45(4): 151-162.]

[18]
刘彦随. 中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴. 地理学报, 2018, 73(4): 637-650.

DOI

[Liu Yansui. Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the New Era in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(4): 637-650.]

DOI

[19]
Bosworth G, Annibal I, Carroll T, et al. Empowering local action through neo-endogenous development:The case of LEADER in England. Sociologia Ruralis, 2016, 56(3): 427-449.

DOI

[20]
陈雯, 陈诚, 高金龙. 迈向知识驱动的乡村新内生发展. 地理学报, 2025, 80(2): 259-271.

DOI

[Chen Wen, Chen Cheng, Gao Jinlong. Towards rural neo-endogenous development driven by knowledge. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2025, 80(2): 259-271.]

DOI

[21]
曹军辉, 张紧跟. 重塑乡村公共性: 党建引领激活村民自治的内生路径: 以湖南省沙洲村为例. 探索, 2024(2): 73-85.

[Cao Junhui, Zhang Jingen. Reshaping rural publicity: The endogenous path of party building activating villagers' self-governance: The example of Shazhou Village in Hunan Province. Probe, 2024(2): 73-85.]

[22]
覃志敏, 李凯山. 县政府统筹: 欠发达地区新型农村集体经济的治理逻辑: 基于元治理理论的分析视角. 南京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2024, 23(5): 91-102, 118.

[Qin Zhimin, Li Kaishan. Overall planning of county government: The governance logic of new rural collective economy in less-developed regions: Analytical perspective based on meta-governance theory. Journal of Nanjing Tech University (Social Science), 2024, 23(5): 91-102, 118.]

[23]
陈峥. 新型农村集体经济组织的体制机制及共富效应研究. 行政管理改革, 2023(2): 49-54.

[Chen Zheng. Research on the system and mechanism of new rural collective economic organization and its “common prosperity” effect. Administration Reform, 2023(2): 49-54.]

[24]
徐少癸, 韩佳钰, 陈换, 等. 乡村振兴战略下乡村精英研究进展与展望. 人文地理, 2023, 38(5): 24-35.

[Xu Shaogui, Han Jiayu, Chen Huan, et al. Progress and prospect of rural elite research under the strategy of rural revitalization. Human Geography, 2023, 38(5): 24-35.]

[25]
张行发, 徐虹. 返乡精英助推乡村共同富裕的行动逻辑与实现机制: 中郝峪村案例分析. 现代经济探讨, 2025(2): 122-132.

[Zhang Xingfa, Xu Hong. The action logic and realization mechanism of returning elites to promote common prosperity in rural areas: Case study of Zhonghaoyu Village. Modern Economic Research, 2025(2): 122-132.]

[26]
Cloke P. Rural life-styles: Material opportunity, cultural experience, and how theory can undermine policy. Economic Geography, 1996, 72(4): 433-449.

DOI

[27]
Ray C. Endogenous development in the era of reflexive modernity. Journal of Rural Studies, 1999, 15(3): 257-267.

DOI

[28]
贾榕榕, 吴冰. 乡村旅游精英的权力维度及其阶段性呈现特征: 以袁家村为例. 人文地理, 2020, 35(2): 142-151.

[Jia Rongrong, Wu Bing. The power dimensions and stage presentation characteristics of rural tourism elite: A case study of Yuanjia Village. Human Geography, 2020, 35(2): 142-151.]

[29]
Bosworth G, Atterton J. Entrepreneurial in-migration and neo-endogenous rural development. Rural Sociology, 2012, 77(2): 254-279.

DOI

[30]
安丰平, 高金龙, 朱欣怡, 等. 结构二重性视角下乡村新内生发展模式研究综述. 地理科学进展, 2024, 43(9): 1865-1877.

DOI

[An Fengping, Gao Jinlong, Zhu Xinyi, et al. Rural neo-endogenous development: A literature review from the perspective of structural duality. Progress in Geography, 2024, 43(9): 1865-1877.]

DOI

[31]
Ray C. Culture economies:A Perspective on Local Rural Development in Europe. Newcastle, UK: Centre for Rural Economy, Newcastle University, 2001.

[32]
Georgios C, Nikolaos N, Michalis P. Neo-endogenous rural development: A path toward reviving rural Europe. Rural Sociology, 2021, 86(4): 911-937.

DOI

[33]
Olmedo L, O'Shaughnessy M. Community-based social enterprises as actors for neo-endogenous rural development: A multi-stakeholder approach. Rural Sociology, 2022, 87(4): 1191-1218.

DOI

[34]
Gao J L, Yang J, Chen C, et al. From “forsaken site” to “model village”: Unraveling the multi-scalar process of rural revitalization in China. Habitat International, 2023, 133: 102766.

DOI

[35]
Liu J S, Zhang X F, Lin J, et al. Beyond government-led or community-based: Exploring the governance structure and operating models for reconstructing China's hollowed villages. Journal of Rural Studies, 2022, 93: 273-286.

DOI

[36]
高静, 杨云皓. 资源匮乏村何以实现农村集体经济新内生发展? 基于新内生发展理论的案例证据. 重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2024, 38(10): 115-124.

[Gao Jing, Yang Yunhao. How can resource-poor villages achieve endogenous development of collective economy: A case evidence based on the new endogenous development theory. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Social Science), 2024, 38(10): 115-124.]

[37]
赵秋倩, 王进, 夏显力. 资源贫乏型乡村如何实现内生发展: 基于西部地区D村的乡建之路. 农业经济问题, 2021, 42(9): 58-67.

[Zhao Qiuqian, Wang Jin, Xia Xianli. How can resource-poor villages achieve endogenous development: Based on the road for rural construction of village D in the western region. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2021, 42(9): 58-67.]

[38]
李庭筠, 张小林, 胡晓亮, 等. 超越新内生发展视角下多元主体推动乡村特色化多功能转型的过程与机制: 以南京佘村为例. 人文地理, 2025, 40(2): 138-149.

[Li Tingyun, Zhang Xiaolin, Hu Xiaoliang, et al. The process and mechanism of multiple actors promoting rural specialized multifunctional transition from the perspective of beyond neo-endogenous development: A case study of She Village in Nanjing. Human Geography, 2025, 40(2): 138-149.]

[39]
Kay A. A critique of the use of path dependency in policy studies. Public Administration, 2005, 83(3): 553-571.

DOI

[40]
尹贻梅, 刘志高, 刘卫东. 路径依赖理论研究进展评析. 外国经济与管理, 2011, 33(8): 1-7.

[Yin Yimei, Liu Zhigao, Liu Weidong. Review on the research progress of path dependence theory. Foreign Economics & Management, 2011, 33(8): 1-7.]

[41]
尹贻梅, 刘志高, 刘卫东. 路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻. 地理研究, 2012, 31(5): 782-791.

[Yin Yimei, Liu Zhigao, Liu Weidong. Path-dependence and its implication for regional development. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(5): 782-791.]

[42]
程子浩, 朱竑, 郭隽万果. 共同演化视角下电子废弃物处理产业集群的发展路径: 以华南G镇为例. 地理研究, 2023, 42(10): 2779-2795.

DOI

[Cheng Zihao, Zhu Hong, Guo Junwanguo. Development path of e-waste industry based on the perspective of co-evolution: A case study of G town in South China. Geographical Research, 2023, 42(10): 2779-2795.]

[43]
周思悦, 申明锐, 罗震东. 路径依赖与多重锁定下的乡村建设解析. 经济地理, 2019, 39(6): 183-190.

DOI

[Zhou Siyue, Shen Mingrui, Luo Zhendong. Path dependence and multiple lock-in process in rural construction. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(6): 183-190.]

DOI

[44]
孙婧雯, 马远军, 王振波, 等. 基于锁定效应的乡村旅游产业振兴路径. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 1037-1046.

DOI

[Sun Jingwen, Ma Yuanjun, Wang Zhenbo, et al. Rural tourism industry revitalization path based on the analysis of lock-in effects. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(6): 1037-1046.]

DOI

[45]
杨丽花, 雷欣, 白翠玲, 等. 河北省乡村旅游促进乡村产业振兴路径分析. 地理科学, 2024, 44(8): 1396-1405.

DOI

[Yang Lihua, Lei Xin, Bai Cuiling, et al. Path of promoting rural industry revitalization through rural tourism in Hebei Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2024, 44(8): 1396-1405.]

DOI

[46]
张璐, 王岩, 苏敬勤, 等. 资源基础理论: 发展脉络、 知识框架与展望. 南开管理评论, 2023, 26(4): 246-258.

[Zhang Lu, Wang Yan, Su Jingqin, et al. Resource-based theory: Development context, knowledge framework and outlook. Nankai Business Review, 2023, 26(4): 246-258.]

[47]
余可发, 吴海平, 金明星, 等. 旅游目的地品牌生态圈成长路径及形成机制研究: 基于资源行动视角的纵向案例分析. 管理评论, 2023, 35(1): 339-352.

[Yu Kefa, Wu Haiping, Jin Mingxing, et al. The growth path and formation mechanism of tourist destination brand ecosphere based on the perspective of resource-focused action. Management Review, 2023, 35(1): 339-352.]

[48]
苏敬勤, 林菁菁, 张雁鸣. 创业企业资源行动演化路径及机理: 从拼凑到协奏. 科学学研究, 2017, 35(11): 1659-1672.

[Su Jingqin, Lin Jingjing, Zhang Yanming. Evolutionary path and mechanism of resource-focused action in start-ups: From bricolage to orchestration. Studies in Science of Science, 2017, 35(11): 1659-1672.]

[49]
张德海, 金月, 杨利鹏, 等. 乡村特色产业价值共创: 瓶颈突破与能力跃迁: 基于本土龙头企业的双案例观察. 中国农村观察, 2022(2): 39-58.

[Zhang Dehai, Jin Yue, Yang Lipeng, et al. Value co-creation of rural characteristic industries from the perspectives of bottleneck breakthrough and capability transition: A dual case study based on local leading enterprises. China Rural Survey, 2022(2): 39-58.]

[50]
Baker T, Nelson R E. Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2005, 50(3): 329-366.

DOI

[51]
Lévi-Strauss C. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

[52]
黄明, 吉祥熙. 资源协奏及其在异质情境下的作用机制: 综述与展望. 研究与发展管理, 2023, 35(2): 158-172.

[Huang Ming, Ji Xiangxi. Resource orchestration and its mechanism in heterogeneous situations: Review and prospects. R&D Management, 2023, 35(2): 158-172.]

[53]
Gkartzios M, Lowe P. Revisiting neo-endogenous rural development// Scott, James M, Gallent N, et al. The Routledge Companion to Rural Planning. New York: Routledge, 2019: 159-169.

[54]
Esparcia J, Abbasi F. Territorial governance and rural development:Challenge or reality//Cejudo E, Navarro F. Neo-endogenous Development in European Rural Areas. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020: 33-60.

[55]
赵慧, 俞春霞, 牛惠亭. 乡村产业振兴带头人培育质量与优化路径. 宏观质量研究, 2024, 12(3): 62-76.

[Zhao Hui, Yu Chunxia, Niu Huiting. The cultivation quality and optimization path of rural industrial leaders to promote rural revitalization. Journal of Macro-Quality Research, 2024, 12(3): 62-76.]

[56]
黄政, 张金萍, 胡元涛, 等. 行动者网络视角下农村产业融合过程与机制研究: 以海口市施茶村为例. 地理研究, 2023, 42(10): 2759-2778.

DOI

[Huang Zheng, Zhang Jinping, Hu Yuantao, et al. The process and mechanism of rural industrial integration from the perspective of the actor network: A case study of Shicha Village in Haikou City. Geographical Research, 2023, 42(10): 2759-2778.]

[57]
Liu Y Q, Dai L, Long H L, et al. Rural vitalization promoted by industrial transformation under globalization: The case of Tengtou Village in China. Journal of Rural Studies, 2022, 95: 241-255.

DOI

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉