Professor Huang Bingwei,former long-time director and now bonorary director of Institute of Geography,Chinese A cademy of Sciences,has been making great contribution tothe advance of geography science in China,especially on the integrated physical geography.This paper is essentially a brief review on his recent book:"Sixty Years of Studies on Integrated Physical Geograpby"-a coll ection of 47 selected papers pubished by the SciencePress in 1993 celebrating his 80th birthday.Professor Huang studies and contributes the integrated physical geography mainly in thefollowing four approaches:1.From topical(geomorphology, climatology,hydrography,soil geography,biogeography,etc.)to integrated physical geography.He has done much works practically in each topical area,and his emphasis on integrated physical geography is environment and resources.2.Integrated physical regionalization:The most distinguished contribution is the editorship of the "Integrated Physical Regionali zation of China",which was mainly based on climate-soil-vegetation zonal factors and published in 1958.Its major purpose is to serve theagricultural development in China.3.Three major modern natural processes-physical,chemical and biological,and theirintegrated study;The physical process,especially heat-moisture baiance,is the centraltheme. 4.The scientific results of these basic studies on integrated physical geography are widely applied in economic and other human activites,especially in agricultural development.Professor Huang has opened a series of fruitful studies on potential maximum agriculturalproduction all over China,water conservancy and agricultrual production all over China,water conservancy and agricultural development on the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain,Utilization and melioration of montane slopes in Southern China,etc.Now, Professor Huang is still active in his research works.More and more excellent scientific results are expected.

Regional devefopment,Unbalanced Development approach,Balance Development Approach,Integrate Development Approach Abstract Based on the significant practice of P.R.China this paper id designed to systimatically analyze the three kinds of regional development approaches in deveolping countries.The author here has identified mild and extreme unbalanced development approach;active and inacive integrateddevelopment approach.This paper proposes that in developing countrise,it is more efficient to adopt the approach of integrated development with active governmental interference,This approach mainly inclues three aspects,i.e.,to construct national unified market,to integrate national administrative system and to promote national growth and coordination of interregional relations between different economic regions.The approach helps to improve national resouces allocation,to upgrade industrial structure and to promote national economic growth.

This paper elaborates upon the significance of macro economic regionlization and inter-provincial ccordination by planning under thd socialist market system; describes the characteristicsand organization forms of macro economic regions and the principle of macro economic regionlization.At the same time this paper submits a program of macro economic regions which are consisted of the Northeast,the Nofth,the Northwest,the Middle-east.the Southwest and the Southof China based on China's administrative hierarchy :provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions and major contents of planning and coordination.

Chicese geomancy has been neglected in the field of geography for a long time because it wassimply treated as superstition and its geographical value was not recognized correctly．So,from theangle of geography(both physical and human geography),this treatise analyses the geographicalthought of geomancy,studies its geographical value,expounds the relationship between it and theancient Chinese geography and makes the former's position in the latter clear.It is pointed out in this treatise that:(1)There were two levels of geography──theoretical geography and applied geography,and three main clues──official geography,scholar's geography and folk geography in the development of ancient Chinese geography for the leading thought was consistent and the method of thinking and the value trend were common in all of them.(2) However,although usually interacted,the above three main clues of the ancient Chinesegeography had their own specific features respectively and never became a unified geography.This may be one of the reasons that the ancient Chinese geography fell behind the western countries and was replaced by the modern western geography eventually.(3)As to geomancy,it existed among all of these kinds of the ancient Chinese geography,but mainly belonged to the level of applied geography and was embodied in the folk geography essentially．So,it is one of the important contents in the research of the ancient Chinese geography. (4)There was plenty of geographical thoughts in geomancy especially in respect of practice.It had special,unreplacable effect on the transformation of the natural landscape and creation ofthe human landscape in China,Therefore,geomancy has a vast geographical value,On the otherhand,there are many dregs such as superstitions and other nonscientific contents in it,which weshould not conceal but need to clean up and criticize,The author considers that the purpose of our study on geomancy nowadays lies mostly in recognition and drawing lessons,not in application oradvocacy at all．In order to recognize the course and characteristic of the ancient Chinese geography in a more overall and objective way,and to draw lessons and benefits from it for promotingthe development of the theory and practice of our today's geography,studying geomancy from thegeographical point of view should be paid great attention to in the field of geography.

An experiment was conducted in the Yucheng Experimental Station to testify the validity and reliability of the evapotranspiration measurements by the lysimeter and the Bowen-ratio Energe Budget Method.The eddy-correlation technique was used as a reference for all the other methods,meanwhile,the aerodynamic method and the water balance method were also adopted in the experiment.The Yucheng Experimental region has high ground water talbe ranging from 3 to 1.5 meter,Particularly,in recent 5 years,the ground water table has raised by about 70 cm.

A moded of bud dormancy release in Quercus variabilis BI.which is an important and widely distributed(about 20-42°N,98-120°E)timber species in China,was established in this paper,based on the presumptions that there are absolute requirements for chilling in trees,and until theabsolute requirement was satisfied the tree can not resumes growth from dormancy status by the combination of chilling temperature and forcing temperature.The results showed that themost effective temperature for the accumulation of chilling unit is what approximates the basetemperature of tree,and the high temperature during the late stage of rest can counteract the effects of previous chilling on rest-break in this tree species.According to the characteristics of both the resumption of growth competence(GC) and the accumulation of the forcing temperature(FT),the dormancy release in Q. variabilis in China could be identified as four main patterns,i.e.,the Northern pattern in which the GC resumes slowly and the FT accumulates slowlyfirst and then rapidly;the Central pattern in which the GC resumes fast and the FT accumulatesslowly;the Southern pattern in which the GC resumes fast and the FT accumulates rapidly;theSouthwestern pattern in which the GC resumes rapidly and the FT accumulates fast.Finally,discussions were provided in details for the future development of modelling dormancy release.

By comparing the sediment properties and transporting laws in different branches of the Changjiang estuary,it is concluded that sediment input in the estuary is in tremendous quantity.The asymmetry in tidal ebb and flood currents and the gravitational circulation are the majormechanisms of concentrating sediments around the null Eularian residual current point and of generating the turbidity maximum.The turbidity maximum is characterized by high sedimentsconcentration and high flocculation rates.Under strong tidal current bottom sediments are massively resuspended,strengthening sediments transprotation.The excursion area of the turbiditymaximum approximately consists with the mouth bar area.The present study has practical meaning in furthering our knowledge of the generation and evolution of the mouth bars.

The wind-sand impacted lands in Tibet Autonomous Region are mainly distribrted in the inter-mountain basin and on river beaches,river terraces and on alluvial-deluvial fans and hill slopes at mountain pass in river valley.There are three natural belts from the sortheast to the nothwest of Tibet and there are remarkable differences in wind-sand impacted lands Patterns and their characteristics in each belt.The southeast part of Tibet belongs to sub-humid forest-meadow steppe belt in Alpine temperote-sub-tropical zone and its surface is mainly composed of vegetated and semi-fixed dunes.The south'part of Tibet is located in the semi-arid steppe of alpine temperate zone and semi-fixed,semi-shifting and partially mobile dunes are the main duneforms.The north and the northwest parts of Tibet are situated in the arid desert and extremely arid desert of alpine temperatr-frigid zone and mobile dunes occupy the dominant percentage of duneforms,and there are some existence of a few vegetated semi-fixed dunes and bush vegetated sand mounds along river courses,lake shores and in the low-lying areas with high underground water table.It is concluded on the basis of the field invvestigation and the study in recent years that the contemporary wind-sand impacted lands and their distributive situation in Tibet are related to the physical Process caused by natural factors and to the human accelerative process caused by human factors.Consequently,the developmental trend of wind-sand impacted lands in future in Tibet Region will be determind by the impacts of natural factors and human factors in coming years.

The Yuncheng Saline Lake is located in a sub-faulted-down area in the Yuncheng faulted basin on the south part of the Shanxi Graben Systems.The evolution of the lake is controlled byneotectonic movement and climate changes.The water suppiies to the lake were greatly reduced at the end of the Middle Pliestocene E-poch because of the uplifting of the Mingtiaogang horst and the abandonment of the ancientFenhe River channel which connected the Yuncheng Basin with the Houma basin before. Duringthe late Pliestocene Epoch,the Mingtiaogang horst,which is north of the lake,uplifted gradually from northeast to southwest and forced the Sushui River migrate westward,and finally separatedthe Yuncheng Lake from the Sushui River.The supplies of water and salt and deposits to theYuncheng Lake were reduced,The reduction of the sediment supplies caused that the sedimentation could not catch up with the faulted down movment,and the basin became deeper and deeper;the reduction of water srpplies contributed the inspisstion of water and sedimentation of salt.The late Quaternery strata,about 150 metres thick,are salt rich silt and mud beds interbeding with salt few silt beds．The salt minerals are dominated by mirabilites,gypsum bloedites andhaiites. The beddings with few salts contain fossils of mollusks,ostracads and marls. Accorddingto the minerals and the fossils,the curve of the salinity changes was established, and it is recognized that the salinity curve is comparable with the curves of climate changes.Most of drill cores show that there are continuous Quatermary lacustrine deposits in theYuncheng Lake area.This indecates that the Yuncheng Lake is the relic of the ancient great lakeof the early Quaternary under specific neotectonic and climatic condition.

Land classification,Series mapping,Resolution level,Terain differentiation,Mapping unit Abstract The Series mapping of land types is aimed to investigate thespatial structures of land withvarious scales and at various resolution levels. The really existing terrrain differentiation orders atvarious levels are the objective basis which makes it possible to map land types on separatescales,The land type mapping at each level has its mapping unit,mapping scale and serving purpose;and has its own land classification system also,The land type series mapping consisting ofmaps at various levels can comprehensively reveaI the formation factors,distributive order andspatial structure featrues of land types in a region.It also provides important bases for the inter-complement and inter-coordination between different level plannings and managements,A casestudy of land type serles mapping in Guizhou Province firmly verified the arguements mentioned above.

Special economic regions have been playing an important and specific role in the economic development in the western pacific rim,They are characterized by the developing tendency of fiveaspests:(1)The development potentidis just unfolding;(2)The importance of science park region is increasing;(3)In recent years,theindustrial upgrading speeds up;(4)The grdient shiftof labouer-intensive industry is still obvious;(5)the establishment of transnational special economic region is being coordenately prepared. The problems confronted in the development processare analyzed in the paper and relevant constructine measures to solve them are out forward as well.

Through the survey of the loessic corrosion landform inthe middle south of Hebei oprovince,it is found that the loessic corrosion landform is regional,directional and zonal;the loe-ssic tectonic jojnts control shape,direction and growth of loessic corrosion landform in the relevant area,and they are tectonic foundation of loessic corrosion landform.

Pyramidal dune,geomorphy of wind deposites Abstract Pyrsamidal dunes have some characteristics such as high and vast sand body,special form,steady and rarely moving,They are a special type in the types of the forms of geomorphy of winddeposits.The viewpoints of predecessors researches on the causes of formation of pyramidal dunesare disputed vety much.By observing the pyramidal dunes in different places of Taklamakandesert,amd making typical amalysis for the causes of the formation of the pyramidal dune inOidoragh in the east of Yutian county,the author puts out the viewpoint of comprehensive causeof formation which contains necessary conditions and full conditions,amd comsiders that pyramidal dunes could be formed in any where if the conditions are fully satisfied,and the cnstruction ofall pyramidal duness in complex in combination,The condition of formation of pyramidal dunesare sources of various sizes sands in certain proportions,enough intensity of the flow of winddrift,and existence of winds in two direction which are nearly equilibrium and perpendicularcross,amd existence the circular movement of air introduced by updraft turbulemce by the difference of pressure of inversion layer introduced by the surface of ancint and moderm reliefs,If thesefactorc coordinate just right in some place,the pyramidal dune could be formed. And to fully recognizing the mechanism of the formatiom of pyramidal dunes is relafed to the amalysis,testingand verifing a large number of physic proccesses in deserts.

Wei Yuan(1794-1857),was an famous ideologist and geographer in Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)．He was known for for his adrocation of "Studing confucian classics for the purpose ofapplication".Wei Yuan was also a great patriot,who was a commander in some compaignsginsagainst British invadors during the opium war(1840-1842).As an ideologist,he was fully conscious that China＇s weakness lay in the backwandnessin science and technology,so he put forth a principle "learning the mordern science and tech-nology form the enemy in order to subdue it,and under guidabce of this ideology",he wortea book entitled "Records and maps of the world" This is one of the earliest geography booksever written by Chinese scholars,which covers the would history,world geography,scienceand technology.Wei Yuan＇s works and ideology had a considerable influnce on nineteen centurythoughts.The westernization movement,which took place 20 years later,was partly theresult of it.

Desertification is an important envlronmental problem in the world today,there are 900 million people In 100 countrle、exposed to desertification.In 1977 the concept of desertification was defined by UNCOD as follows: "Deseartification is the diminution or destruction of the biological potential of land,and can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions.It is an aspect of the widesPread deterioration of ecosyostem,and has adminished or destroed the biological potential,i.e.plant and animal production,for multiple use purposes at a time when increased.Productivity is needed to support growing pnpulation in quest of development."

The book is a record of the Symposium 《Geographic Research and its Progress》held in 1990 at Hong,kong,Professor C,L,So and K,W,Chen organized that Symposium,ALL.of the participants are Chinese both from China and ovarseas.With the spirit of epoch the Symposium would take an important place in the history ofgeography,therefore the book which is a proceedings of the Symposium would be a historicalliterature in geography. As far as the content is concerned．the theme of the book rapresentsthe common interests to the geographical community and the whole society．Therefore thebook would very much give impetus to geography．Some disadvantages of the book are presented in the review.The train of thoughts about geography by the Author penetrates the review.

The raising of river profile can be regarded as a stochastic process.The parallel raising of river profile means that the trend in the process is parallel.Whether the profile raising is parallel or not should be decided according to its trend raising and should not be judged according to its total or random raising,MA(moved average)model can be used to obtain the information of the trend raisong of the river profile.If the raising of profile is parallel,there will be following situations:1.The difference of water levels between two sites along the profile should be a constantu;2.The mean value of the annual raising of water levels at all sites along the profile should be equal.All these propositions are examinated by using statistical test methods(stutend test).Such conclution is obtained that the trend raising of the profile of the lower reach Yellow River is parallel(from Huayuankou to Lijin).

Throughseveral yearhdd investigation and data analsis in laboratary in the area of the Jinzhou Bay,this paper described the hydraulic geomorphological feature of the beach face, the changes of beach profiles,the micromorphology and zoning,and then discussed the change of tidal flat zone and underwater shallow zone by the methods of the repeated,survey the comparison between old and new charts and the determination of sedimentation rate.The tidalflat of the bay is dominated by week accumulation,and the accumulation is more intersive flood perild which is about 11-25 mm The two sides of the river are mainly dominated by erosion in flood period and the mean erosion depth is 16-35 mm,and even deeper in the center of the eriver.The shallow zone which is 0-5m under water is not affected by abrupt erosiOnaccumulation,and belongs to a stable part.The accumulation estimated is 6 mm/a by the comparis on beween old and new charts.The sedimentation rate is 1-5 mm/a by the determination of 21pb of the 7 core samples and 2-4 mm/a by silt calculation, The three methods show almost the same results.

The"Three Norths" shelter forest region occupies 41% of the territory.The region is divided into 1 2 natural districts in this paper according to the differentiation of land resources.The land is divided into 9 quality grades,Land suitable for farming is 26.1%,That for arbor is 14.09%.The percentage of land for bush is 9.5%,and for stock raising is 16.33%.Land for other uses makes up 33.94%.Compared with the present land use situation,the area of land for farming can be increased by 2.87%,and land for arbor and for bush can be increased by 9,09% and 6.66%respectively,The area of land for stock raising shouldbe decreased by 17.57%.This shows that in the process of land use structure adjustment,farmland can be increased and grass land should be decreased to develop arbor-bush-stock raising shelter system.

Using the outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)data observed from the NOAA satellites,the climatic characteristics of the subtropical high over the Northern Pacific is analysed.It is found that there is an outstanding annual circule of the East-West oscillation of the position and intensity of the Northern Pacitic tropieal high.There interesting phenomena are explained and a new approach to the research of the subtropical high with the satellite data is explored.

In this paper,the origin and evolution of the tourist landform in Huangshan Moutain is studied from the viewpoint of geography.The author not only describes the splendid cloud sea、peculiar pines and luxuriant vegetation scattering over the Mountain,but also analyses the formation and development of the odd peaks、unigue stones、waterfalls、hotspring and grottoes in the Mountain.In addition,the author puts forward some constractive and effective suggestions to exploitand protect the tourist landform resources in Huangshan Mountain.

The wind erosion features of the four typical ground are studied in the tunnel,in this paper,the imitated equations between wind erosion ratio(kg/m²·hr)and wind grade are expressed for some specific sonditions.In the process of the experiments,pure wind erodibilityand sand-carrying wind erodibility are considered in original and destroyed ground wind erosions.The resuIts of experiments indicate that the wind erosion ratio can be rapidly increased by sand-carrying wind or on the destroyed ground.Two significant phenomena are discovered,One is the existance of the process of gobi ground wind erosion balance,and another one is that eolian sand grain-size is related not only to the wind blowing time but also to thesource of sands and the change of wind grade.The experimental results provide important scientific basis for prevention and amelioration of wind erosion.

In order to understand the characteristics of Boundarv layer climate of the city of Xian,a svnthetic field observation on the boundary layer and the soil layer was carried Out from Oct.to Nov,in the Xian region,and several usefuI turbulence and radiation data are obtained.A two-Dimensional dynamical and thermal numerical model used in PBL structure of the city,The turbulence colosure is based on the turbulent energy equation;the soil properties and radiative properties are also considered in the model.The simulating results from the model are suitable to illustrate the situation of the Xian heat lsland by using field data.The result of calculations shows the existance of urban heat island which is several degrees higher in temperature than adjacent rural regions.The result also compares the importance of different factors such as artifical heat release,soil properties and the surface roughness.The total amount of fuel consumed in the Xian industrial area and its increase rate in recent yearsvhave been carefully studied.The predicted tendency seems good in compared with teh climatic analyses, which indicates that the urban-rural temperature difference in the year of 2000 is about 0.6℃ morethan that of the mowadays.

Mr. Deng Jingzhong,professor of the Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the famous agricultural geographer at home and abroad,and the originator of Chinese agricultural regionalization research,died at Bei jing on January 18,1994.

Eight delta lobes have been constructed in the Modern Yellow River Delta since 1855,as a result of frequent shifting of the distributary channdls. The average acting time of the lobe is 16 years,The delta deposits formed in 1904-1929 are consisted in one of the delta lobe,The delta deposits formed in 1934-1938 and 1947-1964 make up another delta lobe,Delta deposits in the drill core are commonly composed of those from several lobes.The boundary between two lobes is mot obvious,being short of relatively coarse deposits,However,diffrent lobes still can be recorgnized based on sedimentary texture and structure,microfossils,²¹⁰Pb dating and historical documents.Coarse silt is deposited in the middle part of the river mouth and clayey silt is accumulated in the lateral parts at the depth of 0-12m in water.The migration of the river mouth results in abrupt change in lithology,which often shows the boundary of two delta lobes.The clayey silt is in abundance of foraminifera in protelphidium tuberculatum assem-blages,although the deposits are not coarse silts or fine sands.

Following teh suitability classmcation concepts and the suitability classification structure proposed by FAO(1976,1983),an exercise was carried out to establish a suitability evaluation system for various rural purposes in New South Wales,This system provided a method to obtain the suitability classifications for specific rural purposes based on soil survev information(attscales between 1:50,000 to 1:500,00).Following the parametric approach,after the assesment of each land characteristic according to its influence to land use,the limitatione Hects of the land as a whole needs to be estimated.A limitation scoring method was derived in this study to quantitatively determine the suitability classes of land for specific purposes.The limitation effect of a specific land characteristic is quantitatively expressed by limitation score,and the overall limitation effects of the land as a whole are expressed by accumulated limitation score which is the summation of the limitation scores of all land characteristics,A close relationship between the accumulated limitation scores and the land use suitability classes was found.The accuracy of the results obtained by using this method was found to be at an acceptable level.

From May,1986,to December,1992,We investigated Soil animals in 4 habitat types in the Jiuhua Mountain for seven times.16608 soil animals have been collected They belong to 5 phyla 13 classes 37 orders and 95 Families.Among them,Acarid,Collembola and Nematoda are dominant genera which account for 74.41%of the total collected population,The rules of vertical change in soil animal community are:Except Community Ⅰ which is mostly affected by human activities the group number increases with the increase of sea-level elevation and organic matter the individual number (N)and density(D)of middle and small soil animals decrease with the increase of sea-level elevation and the decrease of temperature;Shannon's indices(H)of communities are Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,which are in accordance with the change of group number.The trend of the changes in S.D of each community and H.E of large soil animals is November>December>May>August.The indices of H and E of middle and small soil animals are contrary to those of large soil animals,which are May>August>December>November.The habitat condition is superior.community Ⅳ which hasthe most organic matter has the most narrow distribution pattern.Community Ⅰ which is mostly affected by human activities has no narrow distribution pattern community.

The paper works out the "Chronology of Cartographic History of China and the west".The upper Limit is about 40,000-20,000 years ago when man began to use stones,branches to lay out the reduced models of residence surroundings and routes;the lower limit is 1911 when the Revolution of 1911 won victory.Before the 17th century the maps of Japan,Korea and Annan were deeply influenced by China and listed in the East Cartography.After the 17th century the west influence was very great and they were put into the west Cartography.Before 1911,the cartography of China remained at the forming stage of the modern maps.After that year,it entered the stage of the modern cartography.That is why the lower limit is set here.

Chinese economy is changing to market system from planned model. Many new problems will challenge Geographers. The market plotting function of Geography research can be one of the effective approaches to solve this kind of problems. "This study will not consider all factors in the evaluation in order to save time. In this way,the results can be put forward on time in order to get a chance of obtaining more profits.