GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH

The evolutionary game and mechanism analysis of China-India border conflicts from the perspective of country geo-getting perspective

GE Xurui, LI Cansong, NIU Fuchang, QIAN Jingfan, HUANG Yu, YE Shuai

GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2026, 45(4): 871-889. DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020241006

Fig. 2 China-India GDP comparison, 1960-2024

Other figure/table from this article

Fig. 1 Game analysis framework for the evolution of China-India border conflict under the perspective of country-specific geo-setting
Tab. 1 Game strategy combinations of game subjects
Tab. 2 Geo-relationships of typical conflict events
Fig. 3 Geopolitical relations between China and major powers
Fig. 4 “T”-shaped, bipolar coupling, radiation-encirclement geo-structures in 1962, 1987, and 2020
Tab. 3 Acts introduced in India on disputed areas
Tab. 4 The back and forth game of the 1962, 1987, and 2020 China-India border conflict incidents
Fig. 5 Bilateral trade between India and China and other countries at global, regional and national scales, 1993-2021
Fig. 6 Mechanisms for the formation of incomplete information in the context of cross-domain interactions
Fig. 7 Cross-scale coupling and game of multiple actors
Fig. 8 Geo-setting and gaming feedback loop mechanisms