地理研究

地理研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1891-1904.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020180463

• 专栏：流动的地理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

“双十一”期间中国快递流通的时空结构与效率——基于时间地理学视角

李鲁奇1,2,孔翔1,2   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海 200062
    2. 华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-06 修回日期:2019-03-11 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-08-20
  • 作者简介:李鲁奇（1991- ）,男,山东宁阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为城市与区域空间结构、地理系统复杂性。E-mail: liluqi@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41771156);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学共享交叉基金（人文社会科学）项目(2019ECNU-GXJC002)

The tempo-spatial structure and efficiency of China's express service during the "Double Eleven Shopping Carnival": A time-geographic approach

LI Luqi1,2,KONG Xiang1,2   

  1. 1. The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    2. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2018-05-06 Revised:2019-03-11 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-08-20

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摘要：

“双十一”作为电商促销活动,其引致的短期高强度快递服务需求对快递业造成极大压力。借鉴时间地理学方法,基于宅急送公司2017年数据,对“双十一”期间中国快递流通的时空结构与效率进行分析。研究表明：快递流通整体上速度较快并由沿海向内陆扩散,在空间结构上各地区快递主要来自其内部和华东地区,在时间结构上绝大多数快递在2~5 d左右即可完成全部配送流程,且耗时主要集中于运输环节。此外,取件、离开、派送活动仍保持原有周期性,但在1 d内的时间分配趋于均衡;路径束主要呈水滴状、分段式形态,快递压力集中于少数枢纽城市,快递处理能力则呈现分层特征。

关键词: “双十一”购物狂欢节, 光棍节, 快递, 时空结构, 时空效率, 时间地理学

Abstract:

The "Double Eleven" was shaped as an e-commerce promotion activity ("Double Eleven Shopping Carnival") in 2009. Since that, its turnover has grown rapidly. However, the sharply increased logistics service demand during this period has also exerts great pressure on China's logistics industry. Based on the methods of time-geography and data from ZJS Express, this paper makes a preliminary analysis of the tempo-spatial structure and efficiency of China's logistics service during the Double Eleven Shopping Carnival. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) In terms of the overall tempo-spatial pattern, the express circulation during the period of the Double Eleven is relatively fast and the delay is not observed at the large scale. Moreover, regions in the east have higher volume of express compared with central and northeast China, with the packages spreading from the east to the west and the northeast via the capital city in each province. (2) In terms of spatial structure, there are two major sources of expresses in each region: the short-distance and medium-distance expresses mainly come from the inside of the regions, while long-distance expresses mainly come from East China. This suggests that East China is at the core of e-commerce development and logistics services, thus has the significant function of extrovert service. (3) In terms of time structure, the majority of expresses during the period of Double Eleven are transport-dominated, with a few are warehouse-dominated and delivery-dominated. Specially, the weak transport-dominated expresses account for 73.34% of the total amount, whose average time consumption of 3 major links (i.e. warehouse, transport and delivery) are 0.505, 1.252, and 0.303, respectively. This suggests that most expresses can complete the entire distribution process in about 2 days. (4) In terms of the activity patterns, the time distribution regularities of 3 major activities (i.e. pickup, leave and delivery) are disturbed by the logistics pressure during the study period. Under the pressure, the time proportion of these activities tends to be balanced in each day. However, all the activities still maintain their original periodicity. (5) The bundle of each logistics node has drop-like and segmented features. And the processing capacity of each city presents a layered feature, which is basically in line with the level of each city in the node hierarchy. The innovation of this paper is to introduce the basic methods of time-geography into the analysis of the Double Eleven Shopping Carnival.

Key words: Double Eleven Shopping Carnival, Single's Day, express, tempo-spatial structure, tempo-spatial efficiency, time-geography