知识产权贸易下的全球地缘科技格局及其演化

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180789

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国崛起,关键在于科技崛起。在当前技术针对与封锁的国际环境中,探讨建构以中国为核心的全球创新网络和科学制定中国未来科技战略是当前创新地理学和地缘政治学交叉之下研究的重点课题,而明晰全球地缘科技格局及其演变过程则是基础所在。本文基于2001—2015年全球国家（地区）间的知识产权进出口数据,在研究全球知识产权贸易格局和网络结构的基础上,探讨了全球地缘科技体系的时空演化特征,得出以下结论：① 全球知识产权贸易网络两极分化显著,是一典型的小世界网络,以美国为核心的金字塔结构不断夯实;② 基于敏感性和脆弱性模型阐释的全球知识产权贸易的非对称依赖性进一步验证了美国是全球地缘科技格局的核心,且其核心地位不断巩固和加强。

关键词: 知识产权贸易, 地缘科技, 复杂网络分析, 非对称相互依赖, 时空格局

Abstract:

The transformation of the global production networks into global innovation networks has made the interdependence of countries gradually shift from the trade investments between countries to the asymmetric dependence formed in knowledge cooperation and technology transfer. The profound changes in the logic of geopolitics have resulted in the fact that the core sources of state power have evolved from military strength in the colonial era to economic strength in the era of trade, and to scientific and technological strength in the era of knowledge. The key to the rise of China lies in the rise of science & technology. Looking back at China’s scientific and technological development, we can find that there has never been a shortage of “containment” and “blockade”, from the “Paris Coordinating Committee” to the “Wassenaar Arrangement”, to today’s “ZTE Incident”. No country can compare the technical blockade faced by China, and China’s technological development path is also more rugged than that of any other country. In the international environment where technology is currently targeted and blocked, how to construct a global innovation network led by China and scientifically formulate geo-scientific strategies for China are the primary topics for research under the future of innovative geography and geopolitics. Based on this, we, taking the imports and exports of intellectual property rights among countries in the world from 2001 to 2015 as the data source, studied the network structure and pattern of the global intellectual property trade, and discussed the space-time evolution pattern of the global science and technology system. The following conclusions were drawn as follows. Firstly, the global intellectual property trading network is markedly polarized. It is a typical small-world network, with a hierarchical hierarchy of pyramid structure. The “central-periphery” pattern with the United States as the core is continuously consolidated. Secondly, the asymmetric dependence of global intellectual property trade based on sensitivity and vulnerability models further verifies that the United States is the core of the global geo-scientific and technological landscape, and its core position is continuously consolidated and strengthened.

Key words: intellectual property trade, geopolitics on science & technology;, complex network analysis, asymmetric interdependence, spatial-temporal pattern

段德忠,杜德斌,谌颖. 知识产权贸易下的全球地缘科技格局及其演化[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(9): 2115-2128.

DUAN Dezhong,DU Debin,CHEN Ying. Global geopolitical pattern on science & technology from the perspective of intellectual property trade[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2019, 38(9): 2115-2128.

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统计特征	统计指标	2001—2005年	2006—2010年	2011—2015年
网络规模	节点数	132	176	168
	边数	993	1334	877
	密度	0.120	0.087	0.063
	网络直径	4（5）	4（4）	4（5）
小世界性	平均聚类系数	0.780（0.055）	0.825（0.046）	0.781（0.045）
小世界性	平均路径长度	2.028（2.816）	2.006（2.613）	2.097（2.656）
无标度性	度中心性幂律拟合	y=1644.5x^-1.467 R²=0.7813	y=2586.2x^-1.512 R²=0.8224	y=1067.7x^-1.36 R²=0.9013
	度中心性指数拟合	y=75.821e^-0.04x R²=0.9367	y=61.574e^-0.029x R²=0.8917	y=35.902e^-0.027x R²=0.9025
	强度中心性幂律拟合	y=6E+15x^-5.111 R²=0.7545	y=2E+17x^-5.81 R²=0.7794	y=2E+16x^-5.112 R²=0.7478
	强中心性指数拟合	y=2E+11e^-0.147x R²=0.9924	y=2E+11e^-0.122x R²=0.9899	y=2E+11e^-0.115x R²=0.9888
度中心性	平均度中心性	15.395	15.159	10.440
	变异系数	1.281	1.504	1.739
	基尼系数	0.628	0.679	0.686
强度中心性	平均强度中心性	74.483	109.355	110.365
	变异系数	4.445	4.531	5.556
	基尼系数	0.913	0.922	0.928
邻近中心性	平均邻近中心性	0.503	0.505	0.484
	变异系数	0.148	0.121	0.126
	基尼系数	0.078	0.056	0.061
介数中心性	平均介数中心性	0.008	0.006	0.007
	变异系数	6.042	8.910	7.548
	基尼系数	0.947	0.973	0.968