三江源国家公园生态系统服务时空变化及权衡-协同关系

doi:10.11821/dlyj020180898

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于“当量因子法”、空间自相关及相关系数等方法,定量分析了1990—2015年三江源国家公园生态系统服务的时空变化及生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系。结果表明：① 1990—2015年,三江源国家公园生态系统服务价值呈不断上升趋势,从研究初期的542.37亿元增加至研究末期的834.70亿元,增长292.33亿元,增幅53.90%,每一阶段平均增长率为9.01%;长江源园区与黄河源园区生态系统服务价值占比情况与三江源国家公园整体情况一致,水域的生态系统服务价值最高,其次为草地、湿地,其中草地与水域提供了各园区90%以上的生态服务;澜沧江源园区的生态系统服务占比则为草地（70.58%）、湿地（23.58%）、水域（3.38%）。② 空间上,长江源园区及澜沧江源园区的生态系统服务价值呈东南高西北低的特征;黄河源园区则呈现西高东低特征。③ 相关分析表明,协同关系是三江源国家公园生态系统服务之间的主导关系,但各生态系统服务之间的相关程度各异。④ 数量方面,4类典型生态服务之间的权衡与协同关系的Moran′s I指数与相关性系数表现一致;空间分析方面,生态系统服务之间权衡与协同关系的异质性显著。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 时空变化, 权衡与协同, 三江源国家公园

Abstract:

It is of great significance to carry out the research on the changes of National Park ecosystem services and the trade-off and synergy to realize the strictest ecological protection, promote the construction of ecological civilization and realize the sustainable development of the region. In this paper, the Three-River-Source National Park was taken as an example. Firstly, the terrestrial ecosystem service accounting method was used to measure the ecosystem services (including 4 kinds and 11 types) from 1990 to 2015, and we revised the accounting results by using the contribution rate of ecosystem services value. Then the characteristics of its temporal and spatial changes during the study period were analyzed. Finally, the trade-off/synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services were quantitatively analyzed based on bivariate local spatial autocorrelation and correlation coefficient in different periods. The results showed that: (1) The value of the ecosystem services of the Three-River-Source National Park increased from 54.237 billion in 1990 to 83.47 billion in 2015, an increase of 29.233 billion, or up by 53.90%, and the average growth rate at each stage was 9.01%. The value ratio of ecosystem services of the Changjiang and Huanghe river source national parks is consistent with the overall situation of the park, and the water areas provided the highest value of ecosystem services, followed by grassland and wetland. Grassland and water supply more than 90% of the ecological services of the park. But the grasslands provided the highest (70.58%) value of ecosystem services in the Lancang River Source National Park, and followed by wetlands (23.58%) and water areas (3.38%). (2) The ecosystem services value increased from northwest to southeast in Changjiang and Lancang river source national parks, but the ecosystem services value presented the characteristics of "higher in the east but low in the west" in Huanghe River Source National Park. Correlation analysis showed that synergy was the dominate relationship among ecosystem services in the Three-River-Source National Park, but the correlation degree among ecosystem services varied. (3) In quantity, the global Moran′s I index and the correlation coefficient of the trade-off and synergy among the four typical ecological services were consistent. And there was significant heterogeneity of trade-off/synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in terms of spatial pattern.

Key words: ecosystem services, spatial-temporal change, trade-off and synergy, Three-River-Source National Park

郑德凤, 郝帅, 吕乐婷, 徐文瑾, 王燕燕, 王辉. 三江源国家公园生态系统服务时空变化及权衡-协同关系[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(1): 64-78.

ZHENG Defeng, HAO Shuai, LV Leting, XU Wenjin, WANG Yanyan, WANG Hui. Spatial-temporal change and trade-off/synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in Three-River-Source National Park[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(1): 64-78.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

表3

表4

图5

参考文献 40

[1]	Nigel D . Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. Gland: IUCN Publications Services, 2008.
[2]	陈耀华, 黄丹, 颜思琦 . 论国家公园的公益性、国家主导性和科学性. 地理科学, 2014,34(3):257-264.
	[ Chen Yaohua, Huang Dan, Yan Siqi . Discussions on public welfare, state dominance and scientificity of national park. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(3):257-264.]
[3]	侯鹏, 杨旻, 翟俊 , 等. 论自然保护地与国家生态安全格局构建. 地理研究, 2017,36(3):420-428.
	[ Hou Peng, Yang Min, Zhai Jun , et al. Discussion about natural reserve and construction of national ecological security pattern. Geographical Research, 2017,36(3):420-628.]
[4]	Daily G C. Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington DC: Island Press, 1997.
[5]	Costanza R, d'Arge R, de Groot R , et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 1997,387(6630):253-260.
[6]	MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). Ecosystems and Human Well-being. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2005.
[7]	彭建, 胡晓旭, 赵明月 , 等. 生态系统服务权衡研究进展: 从认知到决策. 地理学报, 2017,72(6):960-973.
	[ Peng Jian, Hu Xiaoxu, Zhao Mingyue , et al. Research progress on ecosystem service trade-offs: From cognition to decision-making. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(6):960-973.]
[8]	戴尔阜, 王晓莉, 朱建佳 , 等. 生态系统服务权衡: 方法、模型与研究框架. 地理研究, 2016,35(6):1005-1016.
	[ Dai Erfu, Wang Xiaoli, Zhu Jianjia , et al. Methods, tools and research framework of ecosystem service trade-offs. Geographical Research, 2016,35(6):1005-1016.]
[9]	李双成, 张才玉, 刘金龙 , 等. 生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展及地理学研究议题. 地理研究, 2013,32(8):1379-1390.
	[ Li Shuangcheng, Zhang Caiyu, Liu Jinlong , et al. The tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services: Research progress, development trend, and themes of geography. Geographical Research, 2013,32(8):1379-1390.]
[10]	Rodriguez J P, Beard T D, Bennett E M , et al. Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, 2006,11:28-41.
[11]	李鹏, 姜鲁光, 封志明 , 等. 生态系统服务竞争与协同研究进展. 生态学报, 2012,32(16):5219-5229.
	[ Li Peng, Jiang Luguang, Feng Zhiming , et al. Research progress on trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services: An overview. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012,32(16):5219-5 229.]
[12]	Bai Y, Zhuang C, Ouyang Z , et al. Spatial characteristics between biodiversity and ecosystem services in a human-dominated watershed. Ecological Complexity, 2011,8(2):177-183.
[13]	Turner K G, Odgaard M V, Bocher P K , et al. Bundling ecosystem services in Denmark: Trade-offs and synergies in a cultural landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014,125(10):89-104.
[14]	Egoh B N, Reyers B, Rouget M , et al. Mapping ecosystem services for planning and management. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2008,127(1-2):135-140.
[15]	李屹峰, 罗跃初, 刘纲 , 等. 土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响: 以密云水库流域为例. 生态学报, 2013,33(3):726-736.
	[ Li Yifeng, Luo Yuechu, Liu Gang , et al. Effects of land use change on ecosystem services: A case study in Miyun reservoir watershed. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(3):726-736.]
[16]	Meehan T D, Gratton C, Diehl E , et al. Ecosystem-service tradeoffs associated with switching from annual to perennialenergy crops in riparian zones of the US midwest. Plos One, 2013,8(11):1-13.
[17]	Lautenbach S, Volk M, Strauch M , et al. Optimization-based trade-off analysis of biodiesel crop production for managing an agricultural catchment. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2013,48(10):98-112.
[18]	Locatelli B, Imbach P, Wunder S . Synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services in Costa Rica. Environmental Conservation, 2014,41(1):27-36.
[19]	Bennett E M, Peterson G D, Gordon L J . Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services. Ecology Letters, 2009,12(12):1394-1404.
[20]	Kragt M E, Robertson M J . Quantifying ecosystem services trade-offs from agricultural practices. Ecological Economics, 2014,102(2):147-157.
[21]	Su C H, Fu B J, Wei Y P , et al. Ecosystem management based on ecosystem services and human activities: A case study in the Yanhe watershed. Sustainability Science, 2012,7(1):17-32.
[22]	Haase D, Schwarz N, Strohbach M , et al. Synergies, trade-offs, and losses of ecosystem services in urban regions: An integrated multiscale framework applied to the Leipzig-Halle Region, Germany. Ecology and Society, 2012,17(3):22.
[23]	Thompson J R, Lambert K F, Foster D R , et al. The consequences of four land-use scenarios for forest ecosystems and the services they provide. Ecosphere, 2016,7(10):e01469.
[24]	饶胜, 林泉, 王夏晖 , 等. 正蓝旗草地生态系统服务权衡研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2015,29(3):81-86.
	[ Rao Sheng, Lin Quan, Wang Xiahui , et al. The trade-off between ecosystem services in Zhenglan Banner. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2015,29(3):81-86.]
[25]	李晶, 李红艳, 张良 . 关中—天水经济区生态系统服务权衡与协同关系. 生态学报, 2016,36(10):3053-3062.
	[ Li Jing, Li Hongyan, Zhang Liang . Ecosystem service trade-offs in the Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016,36(10):3053-3062.]
[26]	杨晓楠, 李晶, 秦克玉 , 等. 关中—天水经济区生态系统服务的权衡关系. 地理学报, 2015,70(11):1762-1773.
	[ Yang Xiaonan, Li Jing, Qin Keyu , et al. Trade-offs between ecosystem services in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(11):1762-1773.]
[27]	孙艺杰, 任志远, 赵胜男 . 关中盆地生态服务权衡与协同时空差异. 资源科学, 2016,38(11):2127-2136.
	[ Sun Yijie, Ren Zhiyuan, Zhao Shengnan . Spatial-temporal difference analysis of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy in the Guanzhong Basin of China. Resources Science, 2016,38(11):2127-2136.]
[28]	郝梦雅, 任志远, 孙艺杰 , 等. 关中盆地生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系动态分析. 地理研究, 2017,36(3):592-602.
	[ Hao Mengya, Ren Zhiyuan, Sun Yijie , et al. The dynamic analysis of trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services in the Guanzhong Basin. Geographical Research, 2017,36(3):592-602.]
[29]	王蓓, 赵军, 胡秀芳 . 石羊河流域生态系统服务权衡与协同关系分析. 生态学报, 2018,38(21):7582-7595.
	[ Wang Bei, Zhao Jun, Hu Xiufang . Analysis on trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ecosystem services in the Shiyang River Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(21):7582-7595.]
[30]	钱彩云, 巩杰, 张金茜 , 等. 甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务变化及权衡与协同关系. 地理学报, 2018,73(5):868-879.
	[ Qian Caiyun, Gong Jie, Zhang Jinxi , et al. Change and tradeoffs-synergies analysis on watershed ecosystem services: A case study of Bailongjiang Watershed, Gansu. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(5):868-879.]
[31]	武文欢, 彭建, 刘炎序 , 等. 鄂尔多斯市生态系统服务权衡与协同分析. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(12):1571-1581.
	[ Wu Wenhuan, Peng Jian, Liu Yanxu , et al. Tradeoffs and synergies between ecosystem services in Ordos City. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(12):1571-1581.]
[32]	孙艺杰, 任志远, 赵胜男 , 等. 陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析. 地理学报, 2017,72(3):521-532.
	[ Sun Yijie, Ren Zhiyuan, Zhao Shengnan , et al. Spatial and temporal changing analysis of synergy and trade-off between ecosystem services in valley basin of Shannxi Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(3):521-532.]
[33]	陈登帅, 李晶, 杨晓楠 , 等. 渭河流域生态系统服务权衡优化研究. 生态学报, 2018,38(9):3260-3271.
	[ Chen Shuaideng, Li Jing, Yang Xiaonan , et al. Trade-offs and optimization among ecosystem services in the Weihe River basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(9):3260-3271.]
[34]	王鹏涛, 张立伟, 李英杰 , 等. 汉江上游生态系统服务权衡与协同关系时空特征. 地理学报, 2017,72(11):2064-2078.
	[ Wang Pengtao, Zhang Liwei, LI Yingjie , et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the trade-off and synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River Basin. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(11):2064-2078.]
[35]	谢高地, 鲁春霞, 冷允法 , 等. 青藏高原生态资产的价值评估. 自然资源学报, 2003,18(2):189-196.
	[ Xie Gaodi, Lu Chunxia, Leng Yunfa , et al. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2003,18(2):189-196.]
[36]	谢高地, 张彩霞, 张雷明 , 等. 基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进. 自然资源学报, 2015,30(8):1243-1254.
	[ Xie Gaodi, Zhang Caixia, Zhang Leiming , et al. Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015,30(8):1243-1254.]
[37]	郑德凤, 臧正, 孙才志 . 改进的生态系统服务价值模型及其在生态经济评价中的应用. 资源科学, 2014,36(3):584-593.
	[ Zheng Defeng, Zang Zheng, Sun Caizhi . An improved ecosystem service value model and application in ecological economic evaluation. Resources Science, 2014,36(3):584-593.]
[38]	刘海, 武靖, 陈晓玲 . 丹江口水源区生态系统服务时空变化及权衡协同关系. 生态学报, 2018,38(13):4609-4624.
	[ Liu Hai, Wu Jing, Chen Xiaoling . Study on spatial-temporal change and trade-off/synergy relationships of ecosystem services in the Danjiangkou water source area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(13):4609-4624.]
[39]	Wartenberg D . Multivariate spatial correlation: A method for exploratory geographical analysis. Geographical Analysis, 1985,17(4):263-283.
[40]	Anselin L, Syabri I, Smirnov O . Visualizing multivariate spatial correlation with dynamically linked windows. New tools for spatial data analysis: Proceedings of the specialist meeting. Santa Barbara, University of California, 2002.

类别		A			B				C			D
类别		a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k
A	a	1
	b	0.629**	1
	c	0.902**	0.245**	1
		1
B	d	0.612**	0.998**	0.230**	1
	e	0.646**	0.991**	0.274**	0.988**	1
	f	0.975**	0.462**	0.963**	0.445**	0.471**	1
	g	0.909**	0.251**	0.996**	0.230**	0.277**	0.968**	1
		0.997**			1
C	h	0.610**	0.999**	0.222**	0.999**	0.987**	0.443**	0.226**	1
	i	0.592**	0.998**	0.198**	0.999**	0.986**	0.421**	0.204**	1.000**	1
	j	0.787**	0.763**	0.576**	0.772**	0.718**	0.740**	0.566**	0.770**	0.757**	1
		0.545**			0.523**				1
D	k	0.846**	0.655**	0.707**	0.662**	0.617**	0.833**	0.696**	0.659**	0.642**	0.981**	1
		0.749**			0.729**				0.914**			1

类别		A			B				C			D
类别		a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k
A	a	1
	b	0.957**	1
	c	0.675**	0.245**	1
		1
B	d	0.971**	0.998**	0.510**	1
	e	0.906**	0.987**	0.348**	0.977**	1
	f	0.952**	0.839**	0.837**	0.866**	0.747**	1
	g	0.748**	0.541**	0.971**	0.580**	0.427**	0.889**	1
		0.985**			1
C	h	0.970**	0.998**	0.500**	1.000**	0.977**	0.865**	0.575**	1
	i	0.968**	0.998**	0.490**	0.999**	0.979**	0.858**	0.566**	1.000**	1
	j	0.852**	0.692**	0.881**	0.731**	0.573**	0.960**	0.903**	0.730**	0.722**	1
		0.933**			0.943**				1
D	k	0.800**	0.620**	0.902**	0.663**	0.492**	0.934**	0.914**	0.661**	0.652**	0.995**	1
		0.933**			0.921**				0.947**			1

类别		A			B				C			D
类别		a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k
A	a	1
	b	0.458**	1
	c	0.957**	0.181**	1
		1
B	d	0.431**	0.999**	0.152**	1
	e	0.506**	0.996**	0.236**	0.993**	1
	f	0.992**	0.346**	0.985**	0.319**	0.395**	1
	g	0.956**	0.179**	1.000**	0.150**	0.234**	0.954**	1
		1.000**			1
C	h	0.426**	0.999**	0.147**	1.000**	0.992**	0.314**	0.144**	1
	i	0.396**	0.997**	0.114**	0.999**	0.989**	0.282**	0.111**	0.999**	1
	j	0.890**	0.688**	0.762**	0.676**	0.704**	0.853**	0.757**	0.673**	0.649**	1
		0.622**			0.608**				1
D	k	0.954**	0.509**	0.891**	0.491**	0.537**	0.944**	0.887**	0.486**	0.458**	0.970**	1
		0.910**			0.902**				0.856**			1

地区	供给-文化	调节-文化	支持-文化	供给-支持	调节-供给	支持-调节
长江源	0.370***	0.361***	0.493***	0.263***	0.490***	0.253***
澜沧江源	0.400***	0.391***	0.411***	0.369***	0.361***	0.367***
黄河源	0.642***	0.640***	0.486***	0.419***	0.718***	0.426***