贵州省乌江流域人口分布与地形的关系

doi:10.11821/dlyj020181409

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究流域人口分布与地形的关系,有助于了解地理环境对人口分布的影响。以贵州省乌江流域为研究区,基于DEM数据和人口数据,提取海拔、坡度、起伏度等地形因子,研究人口分布与地形因子的关系。研究结论：① 人口数量在海拔800~1400 m的地区超过60%,人口密度在1000~1200 m的地区最高。② 人口数量与人口密度随着坡度上升总体呈下降趋势。③ 人口密度在起伏度小于50 m的地区超过1000人/km ²,人口密度随着起伏度上升总体呈下降趋势。

关键词: 人口, 人口分布, 地形, 关系, 乌江流域, 贵州

Abstract:

The Wujiang River Watershed in Guizhou province is one of the most important plateau mountain basin in Southwest China. It is of great significance to examine the relationship between population distribution and topography of this watershed. This paper can help to understand the impact of the geographical environment of the study area on population distribution. The article selects digital elevation model (DEM) data and population raster data, and uses digital elevation model (DEM) to extract topographic factors such as altitude, slope, and topographic relief. Then, it studies the relationship between topographic factors and population distribution. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) The population of the study area is inportantly distributed between 800 and 1400 m, accounting for more than 60%, and the highest population density is found between 1000 and 1200 m. (2) As the slope increases, the population and population density are in a downward trend. When the slope is less than 5 ^o, the population density is more than 500 people/km ². It is also shown, to a certain extent, that the slope has a restrictive effect on human activities and is one of the key topographic factors that affect the population distribution. (3) With the rise of topographic relief, the population density generally shows a downward trend. When the topographic relief is less than 50 m, the population density exceeds 1000 people/km ². Topographic relief is an important factor affecting population distribution. The results could provide a reference for the local government to formulate policies on population and eco-environment protection so as to achieve harmony between nature and people. In addition, this article can be further expanded in the following aspects: (1) using the latest population raster data to analyze the relationship between population and topography, and explore the characteristics and laws of population changes in the watershed in the background of rapid economic development in Guizhou province in recent years; (2) using the digital elevation model (DEM) with a lower accuracy to analyze the relationship between population and topography.

Key words: population, population distribution, topography, relationship, Wujiang River Watershed, Guizhou

程东亚, 李旭东. 贵州省乌江流域人口分布与地形的关系[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(6): 1427-1438.

CHENG Dongya, LI Xudong. Relationship between population distribution and topography of the Wujiang River Watershed in Guizhou province[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(6): 1427-1438.

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海拔(m)		坡度(°)		起伏度(m)
分类	划分思路	分类	划分思路	分类	划分思路
<600	根据各等级海拔占比,以及研究区海拔最大值、最小值进行划分	<5	考虑15^o、25^o、30^o、45°等重要间断点进行划分	<50	根据地形起伏度平均值、最大值、最小值进行划分
600~800		5~10		50~100
800~1000		10~15		100~150
1000~1200		15~20		150~200
1200~1400		20~25		200~250
1400~1600		25~30		250~300
1600~1800		30~35		300~350
1800~2000		35~40		350~400
2000~2200		40~45		400~450
≥2200		≥45		≥450

人口密度 (人/km²)	面积			人口
人口密度 (人/km²)	面积(km²)	占比(%)	累计(%)	人口(万人)	占比(%)	累计(%)
<100	26828.57	39.12	39.12	92.07	5.10	5.10
100~200	16462.20	24.00	63.12	244.68	13.55	18.64
200~300	11628.41	16.95	80.08	288.02	15.94	34.59
300~400	6661.04	9.71	89.79	229.97	12.73	47.32
400~500	3655.50	5.33	95.12	163.36	9.04	56.36
≥500	3348.46	4.88	100.00	788.23	43.64	100.00
累计	68584.18	100.00		1806.33	100.00

海拔			坡度			起伏度
海拔(m)	占比(%)	累计(%)	坡度(°)	占比(%)	累计(%)	起伏度(m)	占比(%)	累计(%)
<600	3.82	3.82	<5	15.11	15.11	<50	2.68	2.68
600~800	11.16	14.97	5~10	24.13	39.25	50~100	10.63	13.31
800~1000	21.05	36.02	10~15	23.34	62.58	100~150	18.63	31.94
1000~1200	18.04	54.05	15~20	17.03	79.61	150~200	20.33	52.27
1200~1400	20.54	74.59	20~25	10.48	90.10	200~250	17.47	69.74
1400~1600	10.72	85.32	25~30	5.59	95.69	250~300	12.63	82.37
1600~1800	6.24	91.56	30~35	2.60	98.29	300~350	7.98	90.35
1800~2000	4.77	96.32	35~40	1.08	99.37	350~400	4.57	94.92
2000~2200	2.36	98.68	40~45	0.41	99.77	400~450	2.54	97.45
≥2200	1.32	100.00	≥45	0.23	100.00	≥450	2.55	100.00
累计	100.00			100.00			100.00

	海拔		坡度		起伏度
	人口数量	人口密度	人口数量	人口密度	人口数量	人口密度
相关性	-0.503	-0.345	-1.000^**	-0.939^**	-0.867^**	-0.988^**
显著性	0.138	0.328	-	0.000	0.001	0.000