多尺度知识溢出研究——以进出口互动效应为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020190712

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

知识溢出是地理学探究的重点话题。知识可以在不同的地理尺度上溢出,其效应具有差异化的表现。本文选择进出口互动效应作为知识溢出成果的表征,并基于2002—2015年中国海关进出口贸易数据,实证测度了企业从进口侧所导入的知识在企业内部、区域内部以及区域之间三个地理尺度上的溢出对企业出口所造成的影响。研究发现,在全国范围内,企业自身和企业所在的区域进口新品种的产品,能显著促进企业出口新品种的产品,且前者的促进效应更强。同时,企业邻近区域进口新产品,对本地企业出口新产品存在负向影响。然而,该影响在发达地区中表现为负,在欠发达地区表现为正。文章结果反映了不同地理尺度上的知识溢出具有差异化的表现,溢出效应存在距离衰减特征。本文丰富了地理学对于知识溢出话题的认知,具有一定的理论和现实指导意义。

关键词: 新进口, 新出口, 知识溢出, 多尺度

Abstract:

Knowledge spillover has been one of the most important topics in economic geography. As a matter of fact, knowledge spillovers may occur at different geographical scales with differentiated performance. However, previous studies have over-emphasized the intra-region knowledge spillovers, while insufficient attention has been paid to the intra-firm and inter-region ones. Choosing the interaction effect between import and export as the representation of the outcome of knowledge spillovers, this paper builds a multi-scale framework, empirically measuring the intra-firm, intra-region and inter-region knowledge spillovers, and at the same time comparing the effect they make on firms′ export based on the data of China Customs Trade Statistics from 2002 to 2015. Empirical results indicate that the import of new varieties of products by the firm itself as well as the region where the firm is located can significantly promote the export of new varieties of products by the firm, while the former promotion effect is stronger. The imports of new varieties of products from neigbouring regions have a negative effect on the firms′ export of new varieties of products. At the same time, this effect turns out to be negative in developed regions but positive in developing ones. Such phenomena can be interpreted as follows. On the one hand, the uneven development pattern within developed regions brings the co-existence of core and periphery areas. Under the effect of polarization, knowledge would flow from the local areas at the periphery to the neighbouring ones at the core, which is not conductive to the creation of new export products by local firms. On the other hand, in the developing regions of China, due to the lower level of internal development inequality, there are few core areas with strong polarization capabilities. Therefore, knowledge can spillover freely across regional boundaries, and the import of new varieties of products from neighbouring regions may contribute to the export of new varieties of products by local firms. In short, the results reflect the differential performance of knowledge spillover at different geographic scales, and the spillover effect shows a distance attenuation feature. This paper enriches the cognition on the topic of knowledge spillovers in geography, which is of certain theoretical and practical significance.

Key words: new varieties of imports, new varieties of exports, knowledge spillovers, multi-scale

刘君洋, 朱晟君. 多尺度知识溢出研究——以进出口互动效应为例[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(11): 2493-2507.

LIU Junyang, ZHU Shengjun. Research on knowledge spillovers at different scales: Taking the interaction effect between import and export as an instance[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(11): 2493-2507.

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变量	均值	最大值
NewEx_Firm_it	0.948	1519
NewIm_Firm_i(t-1)	0.861	1099
NewIm_City_j(t-1)	14033.150	69377
NewIm_Nearcity_k(t-1)	16437.020	69377

自变量	因变量：NewEx_Firm_jt
	全部地区
	模型 (1)	模型 (2)	模型 (3)	模型 (4)	模型 (5)
NewIm_Firm_i(t-1)	0.127*** (-0.001)	—	—	0.123*** (-0.001)	0.071*** (0.0004)
NewIm_City_j(t-1)	—	0.221*** (-0.005)	—	0.223*** (-0.005)	0.055*** (0.001)
NewIm_Nearcity_k(t-1)	—	—	-0.058*** (-0.005)	-0.117*** (-0.005)	-0.026*** (0.001)
Tech	0.108*** (-0.004)	-0.087*** (-0.006)	0.124*** (-0.005)	-0.090*** (-0.006)	-0.025*** (0.001)
SOE	0.486*** (-0.021)	0.620*** (-0.023)	0.611*** (-0.022)	0.489*** (-0.023)	0.014*** (0.0006)
FOE	-0.570*** (-0.011)	-0.463*** (-0.011)	-0.399*** (-0.011)	-0.597*** (-0.011)	-0.034*** (0.0006)
East	-1.281*** (-0.074)	-1.529*** (-0.079)	-0.910*** (-0.082)	-0.970*** (-0.083)	-0.040*** (0.003)
Middle	-0.806*** (-0.084)	-0.847*** (-0.089)	-0.703*** (-0.088)	-0.617*** (-0.090)	-0.020*** (0.003)
地区固定效应	√	√	√	√	√
年份固定效应	√	√	√	√	√

自变量	因变量：NewEx_Firm_jt		因变量：NewEx_City_jt
	发达地区	欠发达地区	发达地区	欠发达地区
	模型(6)	模型(7)	模型(8)	模型(9)
NewIm_Firm_i(t-1)	0.122*** (0.009)	0.107*** (-0.002)	—	—
NewIm_City_j(t-1)	0.394*** (0.007)	0.291*** (-0.008)	—	—
NewIm_Nearcity_k(t-1)	-0.237*** (0.007)	0.052*** (-0.009)	-0.200*** (0.001)	0.027*** (0.001)
Tech	-0.188*** (0.008)	-0.195*** (-0.012)	0.223*** (0.0004)	0.289*** (0.001)
SOE	0.733*** (0.035)	0.266*** (-0.039)	-0.063*** (0.003)	-0.234*** (0.006)
FOE	-0.703*** (0.015)	-0.532*** (-0.024)	-0.007*** (0.001)	0.018*** (0.003)
地区固定效应	√	√	√	√
年份固定效应	√	√	√	√