长江、黄河流域生态系统服务变化及权衡协同关系研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长江、黄河流域是中国重要的生态屏障,近几十年来强烈的人类活动改变了长江、黄河流域的自然景观,使生态系统功能遭到破坏,了解流域内生态系统服务的变化、相互作用和驱动因素是流域生态系统管理和调控的重要基础。本文利用土地利用、土壤类型和气象等数据,对2000—2016年长江、黄河流域的NPP、土壤保持和产水服务进行时空变化分析;采用相关分析法和约束线研究生态系统服务之间的权衡协同关系和约束效应。结果表明：① 2000—2016年,长江、黄河流域的NPP分别以3.21 gC/m²和3.92 gC/m²的速率递增,产水量和土壤保持量在长江流域分别以1.25 mm/a的速率递增和55 t/hm²的速率递减,而在黄河流域,产水量和土壤保持量分别以0.04 mm/a的速率递减和3.31 t/hm²的速率递增。② 长江、黄河流域的NPP、土壤保持和产水服务之间互为协同关系。长江流域的NPP和产水服务与土壤保持服务之间为驼峰型约束,NPP与产水量之间为凸波型约束。③ 黄河流域的NPP与土壤保持间的约束线形态为凸波型,NPP与产水量之间为驼峰型约束,而产水量与土壤保持之间为指数型。定量化研究不同流域的生态系统服务并探究其影响因素,对于了解和优化不同地区的生态系统服务有重要意义。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 权衡与协同, 时空变化, 约束线, 长江流域, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin are important ecological barriers in China, which is of great significance to regional sustainable development. In recent decades, the human activities have changed the natural landscape of the two great river basins, which causes the destruction of ecosystem functions. Understanding the changes, interactions, and drivers of ecosystem services are critical for the improvement of ecosystem management in the above basins. Using the data of land use, NDVI, soil type and meteorology, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), water yield (WY) and soil retention (SR) in the Yangtze and Yellow river basins from 2000 to 2016. The correlation analysis method was used to explore the trade-off and synergy between ecosystem services, and the constraint lines were extracted to compare the constraint effects between WY and SR in the above two basins. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2016, the NPP in the two river basins increased at a rate of 3.21 gC/m² and 3.92 gC/m², respectively. In the Yangtze River Basin, WY increased at a rate of 1.25 mm/a and SR decreased at a rate of 55 t/hm², while in the Yellow River Basin, WY decreased at a rate of 0.04 mm/a and SR increased at a rate of 3.31 t/hm². (2) There was a synergistic relationship between NPP, WY and SR in the two basins. And the constraint line between NPP-WY and NPP-SR was hump-shaped constraint in the Yangtze River Basin. (3) In the Yellow River Basin, there was a convex-waved type constraint line between NPP and SR, and hump-shaped constraint line between NPP and WY, while there was an exponential relationship between WY and SR. Precipitation is the main factor influencing the constraint lines between ecosystem services. Still, quantitative research on ecosystem services in different watersheds and the influencing factors is of great significance for understanding and optimizing ecosystem services in different regions.

Key words: ecosystem services, trade-off and synergy, spatial and temporal variation, constrain line, Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin

方露露, 许德华, 王伦澈, 牛自耕, 张明. 长江、黄河流域生态系统服务变化及权衡协同关系研究[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(3): 821-838.

FANG Lulu, XU Dehua, WANG Lunche, NIU Zigeng, ZHANG Ming. The study of ecosystem services and the comparison of trade-off and synergy in Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(3): 821-838.

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土地利用类型		耕地	林地	草地	未利用地
长江流域	P	0.40	1	1	1
长江流域	C	0.19	0.02	0.31	1
黄河流域	P	0.30	1	1	1
黄河流域	C	0.23	0.08	0.24	1

	长江流域			黄河流域
	产水与土壤保持	NPP与土壤保持	NPP与产水	产水与土壤保持	NPP与土壤保持	NPP与产水
2000年	0.135**	0.097**	0.223**	0.314**	0.227**	0.693**
2005年	0.099**	0.108**	0.379**	0.377**	0.247**	0.666**
2010年	0.107**	0.133**	0.439**	0.289**	0.195**	0.646**
2015年	0.151**	0.142**	0.280**	0.256**	0.209**	0.651**

	产水量均值（mm/a）				土壤保持均值（t/hm²）
	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年
耕地	8250.32	8256.33	8531.26	8330.81	803.90	807.73	848.73	904.34
林地	23698.00	20893.34	22549.54	21504.06	797.38	753.83	823.07	848.57
草地	14678.56	14665.30	14516.57	13311.51	509.97	499.47	456.13	443.20

	产水量均值（mm/a）				土壤保持均值（t/hm²）
	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年
耕地	981.56	1171.88	1068.04	920.95	264.17	284.45	282.36	260.93
林地	4259.06	5244.81	4603.91	3837.84	268.00	295.03	286.31	295.04
草地	1428.71	2021.40	1643.04	1364.50	217.44	254.76	241.46	215.99