城市街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响——以广州为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200143

地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 2272-2291.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200143

城市街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响——以广州为例

吴蓉¹^,²(), 潘卓林²^,³, 刘晔²^,³, 李志刚⁴^,⁵()

1. 广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院,广州 510090
2. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州 510275
3. 广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广州 510275
4. 武汉大学城市设计学院,武汉 430070
5. 湖北省人居环境工程技术研究中心,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2020-02-27 接受日期:2021-05-14 出版日期:2021-08-10 发布日期:2021-10-10
通讯作者: 李志刚（1976-）,男,湖北天门人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为城市地理、城市空间与规划。E-mail: zhigangli@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴蓉（1993-）,女,甘肃天水人,博士,讲师,研究方向为城市地理、社会与环境心理。E-mail: wurong@gdut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42001147);国家自然科学基金项目(41422103);国家自然科学基金项目(41771167);国家自然科学基金项目(41871140)

The effect of streetscape greenery on residents' mental health: A case study of Guangzhou

WU Rong¹^,²(), PAN Zhuolin²^,³, LIU Ye²^,³, LI Zhigang⁴^,⁵()

1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China
2. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
3. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
4. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
5. Hubei Residential Environment Research Center of Engineering and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2020-02-27 Accepted:2021-05-14 Published:2021-08-10 Online:2021-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着城市建设用地飞速扩张,绿地作为稀缺资源,对居民心理健康具有重要影响。本文基于2015年广州市1273份居民问卷调查数据,并通过腾讯街景视图和机器学习算法提取街景绿地数据,考察街景绿地、地方依恋和心理健康之间的内在逻辑与机理,并对比本地居民和外来移民的差异。研究发现：① 街景绿地与居民心理健康水平呈显著的正相关关系;② 街景绿地与心理健康的关系受到中介变量地方依恋的影响,即街景绿地通过影响居民地方依恋,间接影响其心理健康水平;③ 对于本地居民,地方依恋发挥完全中介效应,即街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响完全通过地方依恋实现;④ 对于外来移民,地方依恋则发挥部分中介效应,即街景绿地不仅直接作用于居民的心理健康状况,而且通过影响居民的地方依恋间接提升其心理健康水平。

关键词: 街景绿地, 心理健康, 地方依恋, 外来移民, 广州

Abstract:

With the burgeoning development of urbanization, the total population in urban China has increased rapidly in the past decades, resulting in a series of problems such as air pollution, environment degradation and housing shortage. As the arrival of the new urbanization, urban construction and management have gradually reflected the return of humanity, and have increased public attention on urban residents' health. As one of the important dimensions of health, mental health has become the research emphasis of various disciplines. Meanwhile, with the rapid expansion of the urban construction land, green space, as a kind of scarce resource, exerts an important influence on the mental health of urban residents. In this context, based on the questionnaire survey data of 1273 residents from 23 communities of Guangzhou in 2015, this paper unravels how streetscape greenery affects residents' mental health through place attachment. Also, this paper explores and compares the differences in mechanism between the local residents and migrants. Streetscape greenery within a 1000 m circular buffer of each community is extracted from Tencent Street View data by a machine learning approach. The results indicate that: (1) Streetscape greenery of the community can directly improve mental health of the residents. (2) Place attachment mediates the relationship between streetscape greenery of the community and mental health of the residents. Streetscape greenery exerts influence on mental health indirectly through place attachment; (3) For the local residents, the influence of streetscape greenery on mental health is fully mediated by place attachment. That is to say, the effect of streetscape greenery on mental health is fully explained by place attachment. (4) For migrants, place attachment partially mediates the relationship between streetscape greenery and mental health. That is to say, streetscape greenery of the community can directly improve migrants' place attachment, and therefore indirectly improve their level of mental health. At the same time, streetscape greenery can exert a positive effect on residents' mental health directly. The paper reveals the heterogeneity in the mechanism of streetscape greenery on mental health between the local residents and migrants. Based on the empirical findings above, we call for further policy concerns upon the differentiation of different social groups to improve mental health of the residents, especially for migrants.

Key words: streetscape greenery, mental health, place attachment, migrant, Guangzhou

吴蓉, 潘卓林, 刘晔, 李志刚. 城市街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响——以广州为例[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(8): 2272-2291.

WU Rong, PAN Zhuolin, LIU Ye, LI Zhigang. The effect of streetscape greenery on residents' mental health: A case study of Guangzhou[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(8): 2272-2291.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

图2

表5

表6

本地居民与外来移民回归结果对比

	本地居民						外来移民
	模型一		模型二		模型三		模型一		模型二		模型三
	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误	系数	标准误
社区变量
街景绿地可见度	-0.093^*	0.056	0.205^*	0.117	-0.080	0.058	-0.132^**	0.055	0.246^*	0.140	-0.114^**	0.055
每万人POI数量	-0.120^***	0.034	0.104	0.072	-0.113^***	0.036	-0.082^**	0.038	0.099	0.080	-0.075^**	0.038
人口密度	-0.109^***	0.035	-0.137^*	0.072	-0.118^***	0.034	-0.009	0.041	-0.042	0.109	-0.012	0.044
邻里活跃度	-0.069	0.084	0.025	0.167	-0.068	0.080	-0.027	0.059	-0.036	0.103	-0.029	0.061
个体变量
35~45岁	-0.072	0.139	-0.106	0.176	-0.079	0.140	-0.106^*	0.061	0.314^**	0.138	-0.083	0.067
45岁以上	-0.120	0.162	0.085	0.255	-0.116	0.161	0.147	0.164	0.364^**	0.153	0.042	0.159
性别	-0.059	0.066	0.248	0.199	-0.043	0.065	0.121	0.074	0.218^*	0.115	0.137^*	0.073
大学本科（大专）及以上	-0.271^**	0.129	0.137	0.207	-0.264^**	0.127	-0.206^***	0.068	0.250	0.227	-0.189^***	0.070
高中（中专）	-0.111	0.111	0.026	0.166	-0.110	0.110	-0.046	0.122	-0.029	0.113	-0.047	0.123
中共党员身份	0.022	0.110	0.557^*	0.289	0.058	0.116	-0.157	0.112	0.232^*	0.137	-0.141	0.118
未婚、离异或丧偶	0.126	0.355	-0.392	0.323	0.100	0.354	-0.152	0.173	0.288	0.274	-0.128	0.180
家庭收入	-1.375^***	0.472	1.033	1.002	-1.310^***	0.466	0.075	0.133	0.445	0.370	0.098	0.147
居住时长	-0.002	0.042	0.098	0.076	0.005	0.042	0.126	0.111	0.028	0.160	0.128	0.107
房屋所有权	-0.255^**	0.104	0.236	0.351	-0.241^**	0.100	-0.188^*	0.113	0.627^***	0.193	-0.149	0.121
社会交往人数	-0.014	0.054	0.014	0.122	-0.013	0.060	-0.008	0.054	0.246^**	0.099	0.010	0.051
中介变量
地方依恋					-0.064^**	0.028					-0.073^***	0.028
常量	0.397^**	0.200	-0.071	0.326	0.396	0.204	0.261	0.184	-0.883^***	0.266	0.199	0.187
样本数	550		550		550		723		723		723

表6

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本文调查样本		广州市第六次人口普查数据
样本数量	1273	户籍人口(万人)	1270.08
年龄(岁)		年龄(%)
均值	39.98	14岁以下	11.47
-	-	15~64岁	81.91
-	-	65岁以上	6.62
性别(%)		性别(%)
男	51.70	男	52.26
女	48.30	女	47.74
受教育程度(%)		受教育程度(%)
小学及以下	4.60	小学及以下	16.67
初中	25.70	初中	36.13
高中(中专)	32.90	高中(中专)	22.92
大学本科(大专)及以上	36.80	大学本科(大专)及以上	24.28
婚姻状况(%)		婚姻状况(%)
已婚	80.30	已婚	53.56
未婚、离异或丧偶	19.70	未婚、离异或丧偶	46.44
在业情况(%)		在业情况(%)
在业(包括临时工作)	81.00	在业(包括临时工作)	64.03
失业、待业、下岗或退休	16.80	失业、待业、下岗或退休	25.81
在校学生	2.20	在校学生	10.16
户口所在地(%)		户口所在地(%)
本地户口	42.80	本地户口	51.09
外来移民	57.20	外地户口	48.04
-	-	户口待定	0.87
家庭年总收入(%)		收入(均值)
0~2.5万元	4.87	城市居民人均可支配收入(万元)	4.30
2.5万元~5.0万元	17.74	农村居民家庭人均收入(万元)	2.18
5.0万元~10.0万元	40.87	-	-
10.0万元~20.0万元	20.61	-	-
20.0万元以上	12.78	-	-
拒绝回答	3.13	-	-

	本地居民	外来移民
样本数量	550	723
年龄均值（岁）	42.98	37.69
性别（%）
男	53.60	50.10
女	46.40	49.90
婚姻状况（%）
已婚	76.80	83.10
未婚、离异或丧偶	23.20	16.90
受教育程度（%）
小学及以下	2.90	8.90
初中	19.80	30.50
高中（中专）	40.90	26.20
大学本科（大专）及以上	36.40	34.40
在业情况（%）
在业（包括临时工作）	73.10	87.50
失业、待业、下岗或退休	23.70	11.30
在校学生	3.20	1.20
家庭年总收入（%）
0~2.5万元	6.20	2.90
2.5万元~5.0万元	19.10	16.90
5.0万元~10.0万元	44.40	41.10
10.0万元~20.0万元	21.00	21.00
20.0万元以上	6.70	15.00
拒绝回答	2.60	3.10

Cronbach's α		基于标准化项的Cronbach's α	指标解释
心理健康	0.801	0.803	能集中精力于你所做的任何事情
			由于焦虑而失眠
			感到对事物发挥作用了
			感到对事物能做出决定
			一直感到精神紧张
			感到不能克服困难
			能喜欢日常的活动
			能直面矛盾
			感到不高兴和抑郁
			对自己失去信心了
			认为自己是一个没有价值的人
			总的来看,感到比较愉快
地方依恋	0.836	0.838	我对社区有归属感
			我对社区有情感依恋
			我喜欢社区的生活氛围
			我关注对社区的新闻和电视报道
			成为社区的一部分对我来说很重要
			我想在社区里长期住下去
			跟社区居民建立关系对我来说很重要

社区名称	区属	绿化可见度(%)	建成环境指标		社会环境指标
社区名称	区属	绿化可见度(%)	人口密度 (万人/km²)	每万人POI数量 (个/万人)	邻里活跃度
广船社区	荔湾区	20.08	9.12	2197	6
扬仁东社区	荔湾区	20.58	5.54	23422	6
鹤洞社区	荔湾区	29.02	1.82	2998	6
仁生里社区	越秀区	35.72	6.86	27299	6
高第社区	越秀区	27.12	30.23	4195	4
桂花岗社区	越秀区	25.95	3.93	10983	6
世昌社区	海珠区	19.13	9.66	12478	6
大沙社区	海珠区	19.26	1.80	2122	5
大塘社区	海珠区	17.09	6.63	5190	5
岳洲社区	天河区	27.19	0.19	5305	4
南富社区	天河区	30.77	1.92	2235	6
荔苑社区	天河区	29.92	2.00	10933	6
平乐社区	白云区	16.71	3.38	2282	3
石桥头社区	白云区	23.53	0.84	5796	6
南航新村社区	白云区	41.28	28.91	9539	6
颐和山庄社区	白云区	25.66	1.29	3363	6
萧岗南社区	白云区	28.19	10.75	1523	2
德安社区	番禺区	36.46	4.67	6105	5
广奥社区	番禺区	20.62	4.11	3399	4
星河湾社区	番禺区	23.35	1.48	4413	4
大山村	番禺区	22.29	3.42	2050	1
黄埔花园社区	番禺区	26.37	50.00	4845	6
横沙社区	番禺区	21.46	0.30	4030	6
均值		25.55	8.21	6813.13	5
标准差		6.35	12.08	6652.69	1.45

城市街景绿地对居民心理健康的影响——以广州为例

The effect of streetscape greenery on residents' mental health: A case study of Guangzhou

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