多中心城市群土地利用/覆被变化地学信息图谱研究——以长株潭城市群为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200207

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多中心城市群具有交通网络发达、功能联系密切、空间多维复合等特征,其土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）是一个相当复杂的过程。采用地学信息图谱方法,探索城市群LUCC数量结构与时空格局一体化耦合机理,研究用地变化与区域发展互动关系,有助于深入揭示多中心城市群土地利用时空演变规律,为同类城市群的国土空间规划和健康发展提供参考。本文以典型案例长株潭城市群为例,构建1995—2015年四个时期地学信息图谱,并耦合重心转移模型,在总体量化分析基础上,重点从城际与城乡视角深入解析城市群土地利用时空变化特征和一体化发展态势。研究结果表明：① 土地利用总体动态加速演变。四期建设用地扩张年动态度分别为1.06、4.10、2.21和7.39,转移强度动态增加,耕地和林地呈加速减少态势。② 城际与城乡地类图谱转移呈现多维演变。图谱“15（耕地→建设用地）、25（林地→建设用地）、45（水域→建设用地）”重心由株洲城区（Ⅰ 期）向长沙城区（Ⅱ 期和Ⅲ 期）再向湘潭城区（Ⅳ期）迁移,经历“相对均衡-长沙加速崛起-有机均衡”和“城市加速集聚-城乡相对均衡”演变过程。③ 近年来,城际转移强度差异缩小,转移结构分异增加,区域主体功能逐步凸显。同时,外围区县加速发展,城乡一体化水平明显提升。④ 城市群土地利用涨落势图谱与经济社会一体化发展高度耦合,同时耕地保护与高质量发展有待加强。

关键词: 多中心城市群, 土地利用/覆被变化, 地学信息图谱, 一体化, 长株潭城市群

Abstract:

Polycentric urban agglomerations are characterized by developed transportation networks, close functional connections and spatial multi-dimensional composition, and their land use/cover change (LUCC) is a complex process. By applying geo-information Tupu method to explore the coupling mechanism between LUCC quantity structure and spatiotemporal pattern as well as to examine the interactive relationship between land use change and regional development, this study will help us reveal the rules of spatiotemporal evolution of LUCC in polycentric urban agglomerations, and provide reference for the territorial spatial planning and sustainable development of similar urban agglomerations. In this paper, we take Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration as an example, build the LUCC geo-information Tupu of four periods (1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2010 and 2010-2015) from 1995 to 2015 and couple the gravity center transfer model. Then we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and integrated development trend of LUCC in urban agglomerations from the perspective of inter-city and urban-rural areas and based on overall quantities analysis. The results show that: (1) The overall dynamics of LUCC were accelerating. The annual dynamics of construction land expansion in four periods was 1.06, 4.10, 2.21 and 7.39, respectively, and the transfer intensity increased dynamically, while the cultivated land and forest land showed an accelerated decrease trend. (2) The Tupu of inter-city and urban-rural land transition presented a multi-dimensional evolution. The gravity center of Tupu "15, 25 and 45" firstly transferred from Zhuzhou urban area (Ⅰ period) to Changsha urban area (Ⅱ and Ⅲ periods), and then to Xiangtan urban area (Ⅳ period). The evolutionary process experienced a process of "relative equilibrium - Changsha accelerating rise - organic equilibrium" and "accelerated agglomeration of the city - relative equilibrium of urban and rural areas". (3) In recent years, the inter-city transfer intensity difference is reduced and the transfer structure difference is increased, and main function of the region is gradually highlighted. At the same time, the development of peripheral areas accelerated, and the level of urban-rural integration improved significantly. (4) The fluctuation Tupu of land use is highly coupled with the economic and social integration development; meanwhile, the cultivated land protection and high-equality development of urban agglomeration needs to be strengthened.

Key words: polycentric urban agglomeration, land use/cover change, geo-information Tupu, integration, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration

唐常春, 李亚平. 多中心城市群土地利用/覆被变化地学信息图谱研究——以长株潭城市群为例[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(11): 2626-2641.

TANG Changchun, LI Yaping. Geo-information Tupu process of land use/cover change in polycentric urban agglomeration: A case study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(11): 2626-2641.

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1995年	2015年						转出合计
1995年	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	转出合计
耕地	—	32.88 (9.37, 76.34)	0.04 (0.01, 0.53)	24.64 (7.02, 63.80)	293.01 (83.53, 50.58)	0.23 (0.07, 38.64)	350.80
林地	9.90 (3.27, 89.81)	—	6.79 (2.24, 87.67)	13.10 (4.33, 33.92)	272.85 (90.11, 47.10)	0.17 (0.05, 27.88)	302.81
草地	0.53 (4.49, 4.81)	9.21 (78.01, 21.38)	—	0.14 (1.14, 0.35)	1.93 (16.35, 0.33)	0.00 (0, 0)	11.81
水域	0.59 (4.60, 5.32)	0.52 (4.05, 1.20)	0.00 (0, 0)	—	11.46 (89.80, 1.98)	0.20 (1.56, 33.48)	12.77
建设用地	0.01 (0.60, 0.06)	0.46 (44.02, 1.07)	0.00 (0, 0)	0.58 (55.37, 1.50)	—	0.00 (0, 0)	1.02
未利用地	0.00 (0, 0)	0.00 (0.33, 0.01)	0.91 (84.22, 11.79)	0.17 (15.45, 0.43)	0.00 (0, 0)	—	1.08
转入合计	11.03	43.07	7.74	38.62	579.26	0.59	680.31

转移图谱单元编码与名称	Ⅰ期1995—2000年		Ⅱ期2000—2005年		Ⅲ期2005—2010年		Ⅳ期2010—2015年
转移图谱单元编码与名称	转移面积	转移比率	转移面积	转移比率	转移面积	转移比率	转移面积	转移比率
12耕地→林地	0.96	1.62	6.56	4.31	1.91	1.96	26.20	6.82
14耕地→水域	8.31	14.04	5.69	3.74	2.69	2.77	9.20	2.40
15耕地→建设用地	15.44	26.08	61.88	40.69	43.74	44.93	171.27	44.61
21林地→耕地	9.24	15.61	—	—	—	—	3.38	0.88
23林地→草地	6.05	10.22	—	—	0.92	0.95	—	—
24林地→水域	—	—	1.66	1.09	—	—	10.68	2.78
25林地→建设用地	16.69	28.19	67.56	44.42	41.89	43.04	147.94	38.53
32草地→林地	—	—	—	—	1.69	1.73	6.34	1.65
35草地→建设用地	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.20	0.31
45水域→建设用地	—	—	4.52	2.97	2.24	2.30	5.31	1.38
52建设用地→林地	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.36	0.35
63未利用地→草地	—	—	0.91	0.60	—	—	—	—
合计	56.69	95.74	148.78	97.83	95.09	97.68	382.88	99.72

时段	区域	各类用地转移		耕地→建设用地			林地→建设用地
时段	区域	转移总面积	占区域面积比例	转移面积	转移比率	占区域面积比例	转移面积	转移比率	占区域面积比例
1995—2000年	长沙市	26.44	0.22	6.64	25.10	0.06	10.77	40.73	0.09
	株洲市	27.45	0.24	6.68	24.32	0.06	4.79	17.46	0.04
	湘潭市	5.32	0.11	2.13	39.99	0.04	1.13	21.18	0.02
2000—2005年	长沙市	100.83	0.85	48.09	47.69	0.41	40.71	40.38	0.34
	株洲市	32.74	0.29	10.85	33.12	0.10	12.65	38.64	0.11
	湘潭市	18.51	0.37	8.63	46.63	0.17	8.52	46.03	0.17
2005—2010年	长沙市	66.52	0.56	33.13	49.80	0.28	29.53	44.40	0.25
	株洲市	20.84	0.19	6.68	32.07	0.06	7.70	36.97	0.07
	湘潭市	9.99	0.20	3.93	39.38	0.08	4.65	46.59	0.09
2010—2015年	长沙市	182.15	1.54	96.08	52.75	0.81	70.09	38.48	0.59
	株洲市	122.77	1.09	36.61	29.82	0.33	40.66	33.12	0.36
	湘潭市	79.02	1.58	38.57	48.81	0.77	37.19	47.06	0.74

时段	区域	各类用地转移		耕地→建设用地			林地→建设用地
时段	区域	转移总面积	占区域面积比例	转移面积	转移比率	占区域面积比例	转移面积	转移比率	占区域面积比例
Ⅰ期 1995—2000年	城市	17.17	0.68	5.58	32.52	0.22	6.92	40.32	0.27
Ⅰ期 1995—2000年	乡村	42.04	0.16	9.86	23.45	0.04	9.76	23.23	0.04
Ⅱ期 2000—2005年	城市	61.15	2.41	29.33	47.96	1.16	26.21	42.85	1.03
Ⅱ期 2000—2005年	乡村	90.93	0.36	32.55	35.80	0.13	41.35	45.48	0.16
Ⅲ期 2005—2010年	城市	35.85	1.42	17.17	47.89	0.68	16.09	44.88	0.64
Ⅲ期 2005—2010年	乡村	66.37	0.26	28.75	43.31	0.11	28.05	42.26	0.11
Ⅳ期 2010—2015年	城市	141.19	5.58	75.14	53.22	2.97	56.32	39.89	2.22
Ⅳ期 2010—2015年	乡村	282.42	1.11	102.83	36.41	0.40	99.41	35.20	0.39

时序单元	城市名称	新增用地强度	新增用地占比	新增建设用地转移比率	新增建设用地强度	新增建设用地占比	新增其他用地占比
Ⅰ期 1995—2000年	长沙市	0.22	44.66	68.33	0.15	54.98	31.79
	株洲市	0.24	46.35	41.79	0.10	34.90	60.65
	湘潭市	0.11	8.99	62.53	0.07	10.12	7.57
	合计	0.21	100.00	55.51	0.12	100.00	100.00
Ⅱ期 2000—2005年	长沙市	0.85	66.30	91.73	0.78	68.73	47.61
	株洲市	0.29	21.53	75.49	0.22	18.37	45.81
	湘潭市	0.37	12.17	93.77	0.35	12.90	6.59
	合计	0.54	100.00	88.48	0.48	100.00	100.00
Ⅲ期 2005—2010年	长沙市	0.56	68.33	95.93	0.54	72.46	29.14
	株洲市	0.19	21.41	72.78	0.13	17.22	61.12
	湘潭市	0.20	10.26	90.95	0.18	10.32	10.04
	合计	0.35	100.00	90.47	0.31	100.00	100.00
Ⅳ期 2010—2015年	长沙市	1.54	47.44	93.59	1.44	52.34	20.04
	株洲市	1.09	31.98	63.68	0.70	24.00	76.59
	湘潭市	1.58	20.58	97.52	1.54	23.66	3.37
	合计	1.37	100.00	84.84	1.16	100.00	100.00