大数据时代中国气候变化科学数据共享服务的发展现状与趋势分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200278

地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 571-582.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200278

大数据时代中国气候变化科学数据共享服务的发展现状与趋势分析

刘桂芳¹^,²^,³(), 诸云强⁴, 关瑞敏¹, 冯亚飞¹, 刘情¹, 夏梦琳¹, 张亚星¹, 卢鹤立¹^,²^,³()

1.河南大学环境与规划学院河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心暨黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心,开封 475004
2.黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室（河南大学）河南大学环境与规划国家级实验教学示范中心,开封 475004
3.河南省地球系统观测与模拟重点实验室,开封 475004
4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

收稿日期:2020-04-07 接受日期:2020-05-26 出版日期:2021-02-10 发布日期:2021-04-10
通讯作者: 卢鹤立
作者简介:刘桂芳（1970-）,女,河南新乡人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为土地资源管理。 E-mail: kf_guif@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42071267);河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划(21IRTSTHN008);《第四次气候变化国家评估报告》编制项目

The current situation and development trend of scientific data sharing services for climate change in China in the era of big data

LIU Guifang¹^,²^,³(), ZHU Yunqiang⁴, GUAN Ruimin¹, FENG Yafei¹, LIU Qing¹, XIA Menglin¹, ZHANG Yaxing¹, LU Heli¹^,²^,³()

1. College of Environment and Planning/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization & Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
3. Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
4. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2020-04-07 Accepted:2020-05-26 Online:2021-02-10 Published:2021-04-10
Contact: LU Heli

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着气候变化研究的进一步深入,中国已经积累和发布了越来越多气候变化方面的数据,为深入系统的科学研究和科技创新提供了宝贵的数据资源。相关数据存量越来越大,存储类型越来越丰富,促使我们进入一个前所未有的大数据时代。大数据时代需要对海量数据进行挖掘和应用,必然离不开数据的开放和共享。本文首先对气候变化驱动因素科学数据、气候变化事实科学数据、气候变化影响与适应科学数据、气候变化未来预估科学数据、气候变化相关经济社会数据五大类别数据共享服务的现状进行了全面总结,并对数据质量及数据应用的特色进行了系统分析。在此基础上,对大数据背景下气候变化科学数据共享服务未来的发展趋势如服务管理、市场化运营、商业服务、公众服务、数据出版、区块链技术、人工智能、数据挖掘、机器学习、基于模型计算的动态数据共享等进行了展望。最后,总结了气候变化科学数据共享服务在大数据时代所面临的挑战。

关键词: 大数据, 中国, 气候变化科学数据, 共享服务, 发展趋势

Abstract:

With the further development of climate change research, China has accumulated and released more and more data on climate change, which provides valuable data sources for in-depth systematic scientific and technological innovation. Relevant data stocks are getting larger and larger, and storage types are becoming richer and richer, which has pushed us into an unprecedented era of big data. The era of big data is inseparable from the openness and sharing of data. In this paper we first summarized the current status of the five major categories of data sharing services: scientific data on climate change drivers, scientific data on climate change facts, scientific data on climate change impacts and adaptation, scientific data on future climate change forecasts, and economic and social data related to climate change. A systematic analysis of the characteristics of data quality and data applications was also carried out. On this basis, future development trends of China's climate change scientific data sharing services in the context of big data, such as service management, market oriented operations, commercial services, public services, data publishing, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, data mining, and machines learning, dynamic data sharing based on model computing, etc. were prospected. Finally, we summarized the challenges faced by China's climate change scientific data sharing services in the era of big data.

Key words: big data, China, scientific data on climate change, sharing services, development trend

刘桂芳, 诸云强, 关瑞敏, 冯亚飞, 刘情, 夏梦琳, 张亚星, 卢鹤立. 大数据时代中国气候变化科学数据共享服务的发展现状与趋势分析[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(2): 571-582.

LIU Guifang, ZHU Yunqiang, GUAN Ruimin, FENG Yafei, LIU Qing, XIA Menglin, ZHANG Yaxing, LU Heli. The current situation and development trend of scientific data sharing services for climate change in China in the era of big data[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(2): 571-582.

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数据大类	数据小类
气候变化驱动因素科学数据	1.天文数据;2.土地利用与土地覆盖数据;3.大气温室气体数据;4.气溶胶数据;
气候变化事实科学数据	5.气候观测指标数据（温度、降水等）;6.古气候数据;7.海洋科学数据;8.冰冻圈科学数据;9.生态系统科学数据;
气候变化影响与适应科学数据	10.人口健康科学数据;11.水文与水资源科学数据;12.气候变化相关灾害影响科学数据（含基础设施）;13.林业科学数据;14.农牧渔业科学数据;
气候变化未来预估科学数据	15.温度数据(气温、海温);16.降水数据;17.海平面数据;
气候变化相关经济社会数据	18.经济发展与减缓技术数据;19.能源数据;20.碳排放数据

大数据时代中国气候变化科学数据共享服务的发展现状与趋势分析

The current situation and development trend of scientific data sharing services for climate change in China in the era of big data

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