国土空间规划中陆海统筹的内在逻辑和深化方向——基于复合系统论视角

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200397

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陆海统筹是海岸带地区国土空间规划编制的基本原则。在海岸带空间开发与保护中,人地（海）关系、区域空间关系、陆海关系相互交织、相互融合,具有显著的复合系统特征。基于陆海之间物质、能量、信息与要素的流动特征,构建了包含人地（海）关系、区域空间关系、陆海关系的海岸带复合系统,并将陆海统筹的实现转化为海岸带复合系统的协调过程。研究表明：海岸带复合系统协调受复合系统与外界之间和各个子系统之间物质、能量、信息与要素流动过程的影响深刻。因而,海岸带复合系统协调的关键在于系统结构与功能完善、系统空间位置调整和系统输出内容管控三个方面。在此基础上,进一步提出国土空间规划中深化陆海统筹的策略。

关键词: 国土空间规划, 陆海统筹, 系统论, 海岸带, 协调

Abstract:

Land-sea coordination is a major reform of land space planning of coastal areas. How to further promote land-sea coordination concept to deal with space planning for ecological protection, environmental management, industrial development, resource utilization and marine disaster prevention and control is an important part of integrated management of coastal areas as well as a guaranteed path for realizing high-quality development of coastal areas. In the space development and protection of coastal areas, the relations between human and land (sea), regional space relations, and the relations between land and sea are intertwined and integrated with prominent features of the complex system. Based on the flowing characteristics of substance, energy, information and elements between land and sea, the coastal zone complex system is formed by the relations between people and land (sea), regional space relations, and the relations between land and sea. On the basis of the coastal zone complex system, the interaction of the internal system and the external world can be deeply analyzed. Then, the relations between human and land (sea), regional space relations, and the relations between land and sea are integrated into the interaction in the internal complex system. Deep combination between the complex system and land space planning is realized. And the realization of land and sea planning is transformed into the coordination process of the coastal zone complex system. Researches manifest that the coastal zone complex system coordination has been deeply influenced by the flowing process of substance, energy, information and elements between the complex system and the external world and among all the subsystems. According to the development objectives and principles of the coastal zone complex system and the production and transformation process of the substances, energy, information and elements in the system, the key to the coastal zone complex system coordination lies in the three aspects: perfecting the system structure and features, adjusting the system space location and managing the content of the system output. On this basis, this paper proposes the strategy of deepening land-sea coordination in land and space planning, including constructing a new coastal zone space pattern with land and sea integrated, enhancing the protection and restoration of land-sea ecological system, promoting the development of land-sea industries in an integrative and interactive way, advancing the connection of land-sea traffic facilities and reinforcing the management of coastal zone regions in utilizing the resources and space.

Key words: land space planning, land-sea coordination, system theory, coastal zone, coordination

李彦平, 刘大海, 罗添. 国土空间规划中陆海统筹的内在逻辑和深化方向——基于复合系统论视角[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(7): 1902-1916.

LI Yanping, LIU Dahai, LUO Tian. The internal logic and developing direction of land-sea coordination in land space planning: From the perspective of complex system theory[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(7): 1902-1916.

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复合系统发展目标	总体目标：海岸带开发与保护协调
复合系统发展目标	目标1：更高质量、更高效率	目标2：更可持续
经济子系统调控原则	集约高效,区域协调	人与自然和谐共生,减少人类活动干扰
资源子系统调控原则	稳定供给,高效利用	绿色开采,清洁利用,节约优先
交通子系统调控原则	强化衔接,提质增效	绿色低碳,适度超前建设
生态/环境子系统调控原则	顺应自然,适度利用	保护优先,自我修复为主

相互作用关系	系统空间位置调控	系统输出内容调控	系统结构功能调控
{陆地生态⇋海洋生态}	优化空间布局,避免岸上与岸下空间功能冲突	—	山水林田湖草海全要素保护,构建起海岸带生态屏障
（陆地经济、交通、资源→）陆地环境→海洋环境	严格控制污染项目在沿河、沿海布局	减少陆源污染的产生	加强环境治理,改善环境质量
资源→{陆地经济⇋海洋经济}←交通	优化陆海产业布局,衔接各生产环节,协调空间竞争	推动陆地经济资本、技术、人才等向海洋流动	优化海洋产业结构,发展海洋高端产业
{陆地交通⇋海洋交通}	陆海交通网“最后一公里”衔接	—	完善铁路、公路网,加强内河航道整治
{陆地资源⇋海洋资源}	—	推动陆地资源开发中资本、技术、人才等向海洋流动	提升海水淡化、海洋油气开采等海洋资源利用能力
海岸带⇋海洋灾害	避让海洋灾害高风险区域	避免过度开发导致泥沙、淡水入海总量大幅减少等	完善防灾减灾设施,保护生态系统,提高抵御灾害能力