粤港澳大湾区经济韧性的特征与空间差异研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200418

地理研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 2029-2043.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200418

粤港澳大湾区经济韧性的特征与空间差异研究

刘逸¹^,²(), 纪捷韩¹, 张一帆³, 杨宇²^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶()

1.中山大学旅游学院,广州 510275
2.中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
3.中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州 510275
4.粤港澳大湾区战略研究院,广州 510070
5.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
6.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-05-18 修回日期:2020-07-16 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-11-20
通讯作者: 杨宇
作者简介:刘逸（1980-）,男,广东汕头人,副教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为经济地理、旅游地理、全球化与区域发展。E-mail: liuyi89@mail.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
粤港澳大湾区战略研究院建设专项(2019GDASYL-0202001);广东省科学院发展专项(2020GDASYL-20200102002);中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室开放基金(KF2020-04)

Economic resilience and spatial divergence in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China

LIU Yi¹^,²(), JI Jiehan¹, ZHANG Yifan³, YANG Yu²^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶()

1. School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
3. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
4. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Institute of Strategy Research, Guangzhou 510070, China
5. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
6. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-05-18 Revised:2020-07-16 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-11-20
Contact: YANG Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前区域经济韧性的测度研究的测度维度较为单一地聚焦在GDP之上,缺乏揭示韧性在其它经济指标上的表现;同时过于注重区域内因素,忽略了外向联系的影响。因此,本研究以粤港澳大湾区为例,选择5个经济指标对大湾区的经济韧性进行多维度测算,并借助关系经济地理学理论视角,对区域内部差异的形成原因给予解释。主要得到三个结论：第一,区域的经济韧性难以从单一维度来判定,多维度指标所揭示的经济韧性存在显著差异,其中GDP所表现出来的区域经济韧性较为保守,而就业指标所表现出来的经济韧性变动较大。第二,大湾区内部各城市的经济韧性存在显著差异,这些差异与区位和GDP规模无显著关系,而与其产业经济结构和嵌入全球生产网络方式有显著关系。第三,湾区城市在经济韧性表现的差异可以用战略耦合来进行初步解释,深圳因自主耦合而经济韧性表现最佳,佛山和广州次之,香港和澳门因以依附耦合的方式嵌入全球金融和酒店网络,因而经济韧性相对较差。本文为经济韧性研究提供了大湾区案例和新的分析视角,推动了关系经济地理学在经济韧性研究中的应用。本文建议未来要重视基于定性方法的经济韧性研究。

关键词: 粤港澳大湾区, 经济韧性, 空间差异, 战略耦合, 关系经济地理

Abstract:

The contemporary research of measuring regional economic resilience tends to focus on GDP index, while lacks of considering the other dimensions. Meanwhile, it overlooks the impacts from extra-regional linkage. Therefore, this study takes the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as an example to measure the economic resilience based on five selected economic indicators, namely, GDP, gross export value, industrial added value, total retail sales of consumer goods, and number of the unemployed. Drawing upon the Resis index proposed by Martin and Gardiner in 2019, this paper calculated the relative resilience of cities in GBA. The result showed that Shenzhen has the best resilience, Guangzhou and Foshan ranked second, followed by Dongguan and Zhuhai. In contrast, Hong Kong and Macao have the worst resilience. This paper then explains the causes of regional divergence through the perspective of relational economic geography. It is argued that strategic coupling plays an important role in shaping the intra-regional divergence of resilience in the GBA. The main conclusions are as follows: First, single dimension shows limitations in depicting regional economic resilience, while multi-dimensional indicators reveals a distinctive divergence among different types of regional economic resilience. Second, intra-regional divergence of economic resilience in the GBA has been developed, which is not relevant to location and the GDP scale, but is more related to industrial economic structure and modes of embeddedness in global production networks. Third, strategic coupling can explain the intra-regional divergence. Shenzhen has been benefited from absorptive coupling with the best resilience, while Guangzhou and Foshan cities are in the medium, and Hong Kong and Macao have the worst resilience due to captive coupling with global financial and hotel networks. This paper contributes the literature with a fresh empirical case of regional resilience in the GBA and also provides an alternative theoretical framework that involves extra-regional linkages into analysis. This paper calls for more attentions of qualitative research on regional economic resilience in future, in terms of the variety of resilience from economic to social dimensions and causal mechanism of how resilience is fostered and exerts power in resistance of the shock, particularly in relation to extra-regional linkage in the contemporary global economy.

Key words: the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, economic resilience, spatial divergence, strategic coupling, relational economic geography

刘逸, 纪捷韩, 张一帆, 杨宇. 粤港澳大湾区经济韧性的特征与空间差异研究[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(9): 2029-2043.

LIU Yi, JI Jiehan, ZHANG Yifan, YANG Yu. Economic resilience and spatial divergence in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(9): 2029-2043.

图/表 5

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图3

图4

表1

大湾区城市的区域经济韧性特征小结"

城市	R值为负次数/ 总计数次数	经济韧性特征	耦合模式	发展历程
深圳	4/25	经济韧性优且稳定	依附式耦合逐步升级为合作式、自主式耦合	以代工等劳动密集型产业嵌入全球生产网络,随后逐步转移至东莞等腹地城市,实现产业重构与升级。同时孵化了大量IT和互联网企业,并吸引全国的风险投资和IT精英,重新与全球生产网络发生耦合,近年开始建立自身的全球生产网络,开启了自主耦合的时代
广州	11/25	经济韧性中等偏优且稳定	合作式耦合、互惠式耦合	基于商都历史积淀和省会城市的优势,以华南地区商贸和工业生产中心,融入全球生产网络,培育合作式耦合。在国家支持下强势导入汽车产业,实现互惠式耦合
佛山	9/25	经济韧性中等偏优且稳定	从依附式耦合走向合作式耦合	以顺德企业为代表,从三来一补模式开始,逐步学习升级,开创自主品牌,依托国内市场与跨国公司开展技术合作,实现合作式耦合
珠海	11/25	经济韧性中等偏优且逐年加强	合作式耦合	以电子代工等劳动密集型企业起步,积极发展高新技术产业,在技术密集型产业逐步升级,走向以医药、设备、化工等中高端的多元化产品生产
东莞	12/25	经济韧性中等且逐年变差	依附式耦合逐步走向合作耦合	以服装代工等劳动密集型企业起步,逐步培育出电子产业集群,在全球生产网络中充当关键制造集成枢纽的角色
香港	22/25	经济韧性始终处于差水平	依附式耦合	制造业内迁,转型为以中转贸易和金融业为主,依附于欧美日韩的跨国公司与国际金融中心
澳门	16/25	经济韧性始终处于较差水平	依附式耦合	产业结构单一,其支柱产业——博彩和旅游服务业高度依附于跨国酒店和博彩集团

表1

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粤港澳大湾区经济韧性的特征与空间差异研究

Economic resilience and spatial divergence in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China

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