基于氢氧稳定同位素和水化学的青藏高原高寒内陆流域水文过程示踪研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200608

地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1239-1252.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200608

• 专栏：高原科学与可持续发展 • 上一篇下一篇

基于氢氧稳定同位素和水化学的青藏高原高寒内陆流域水文过程示踪研究

雷义珍¹^,²^,³(), 曹生奎¹^,²^,³(), 曹广超²^,³, 杨羽帆⁴, 兰垚¹^,²^,³, 季雨桐¹^,²^,³, 李华非¹^,²^,³

1.青海师范大学地理科学学院,西宁 810008
2.青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,西宁 810008
3.青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,西宁 810008
4.陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安 710119

收稿日期:2020-07-01 接受日期:2021-01-20 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-07-10
通讯作者: 曹生奎
作者简介:雷义珍（1994-）,男,重庆巫溪县人,硕士,研究方向为生态水文与水资源学。E-mail:Leiyizhen@163.com
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金(2018-ZJ-905)

Hydrological process tracing study of the alpine inland basin of the Tibetan Plateau based on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemistry

LEI Yizhen¹^,²^,³(), CAO Shengkui¹^,²^,³(), CAO Guangchao²^,³, YANG Yufan⁴, LAN Yao¹^,²^,³, JI Yutong¹^,²^,³, LI Huafei¹^,²^,³

1. College of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes, Xining 810008, China
3. MOE Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation, Xining 810008, China
4. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China

Received:2020-07-01 Accepted:2021-01-20 Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-07-10
Contact: CAO Shengkui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢氧稳定同位素和水化学已成为研究水文循环过程的良好示踪剂,两者的结合能很好地揭示流域或者区域（特别是缺少水文观测数据的高寒内陆地区）的水文循环过程。青藏高原地表环境较恶劣,缺乏流域尺度的水文观测资料,不利于对流域尺度水文循环过程的综合理解和认识,成为水资源高效综合利用的瓶颈。为此,本文以青海湖沙柳河流域为研究对象,通过对降水、河水和地下水的定期定点高密度采样和对其氢氧稳定同位素组成（δD、δ¹⁸O）和水化学氯离子（Cl^-）浓度的分析测定,其目的旨在识别和示踪流域不同水体间的补给关系,探究D-¹⁸O同位素和Cl^-离子能否指示流域水文过程。结果显示,青海湖沙柳河流域干、支流河水和地下水均受降水补给,自上游至下游,干流河水受降水补给作用较强,支流河水受补给作用依次减弱,地下水受降水补给作用较弱。下游干流河水主要受下游地下水和全域支流河水补给,比例分别为15.45%和84.55%;下游地下水主要由中上游的河水和地下水补给,比例分别为42.40%和57.60%。上述结果表明结合氢氧稳定同位素和水化学手段可定量揭示高寒内陆河流域的水文过程,可为青藏高原其他类似流域水文过程示踪研究提供范例。

关键词: 氢氧稳定同位素, 水化学, 水文过程, 青海湖, 沙柳河流域

Abstract:

Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemistry have become vital tracers for studies on the hydrological cycle. The combination of the two tracers is effective to reveal hydrological processes in basins or alpine inland areas lacking hydrological observation data. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, because of harsh surface environment and lacking watershed-scale hydrological observation data, the comprehensive understanding of hydrological cycle process at basin scale is not sufficient so that efficient use of water resources is a shortboard. In this paper, with the Shaliu river basin of Qinghai Lake as the study area, we analyze hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic component (δD and δ¹⁸O) and chloride ion concentration (Cl^-) of precipitation, river water and groundwater that are regularly and fixedly sampled in the study area in order to identify and trace the replenishment relationships between water bodies, and then explore whether the D-¹⁸O isotope and Cl^- can indicate the hydrological process of the basin. Results show that, the water of the main stream is strongly recharged by precipitation and tributary water is weakly recharged by precipitation, and groundwater is always weakly recharged by precipitation from upstream to downstream in the Shaliu river basin of the Qinghai Lake. The water of the main stream in the lower reaches was mainly replenished by groundwater of lower reaches and the tributaries of the whole region, accounting for 15.45% and 84.55%, respectively. The groundwater in the lower reaches is mainly supplied by river water and groundwater in the middle (42.40%) and upper reaches (57.60%). The above results show that the combination of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemical method can effectively reveal the hydrologic processes of alpine inland river basin. This paper can provide an excellent example for hydrologic processes research in the similar study areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which help us have a deep understanding of the hydrological cycle process of the alpine inland river basin, and provide a scientific basis for the optimal utilization and allocation of water resources in the basin.

Key words: stable isotope of hydrogen and oxygen, hydrochemistry, hydrological process, Qinghai Lake, Shaliu river basin

雷义珍, 曹生奎, 曹广超, 杨羽帆, 兰垚, 季雨桐, 李华非. 基于氢氧稳定同位素和水化学的青藏高原高寒内陆流域水文过程示踪研究[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(5): 1239-1252.

LEI Yizhen, CAO Shengkui, CAO Guangchao, YANG Yufan, LAN Yao, JI Yutong, LI Huafei. Hydrological process tracing study of the alpine inland basin of the Tibetan Plateau based on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemistry[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(5): 1239-1252.

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类型	样品数	海拔（m）	降水量（mm）	δD加权平均值（‰）	δ¹⁸O加权平均值（‰）	LWML	相关系数（R²）	显著性水平（p<）
Y01	6	3470	317.6	-54.10	-9.04	δD=8.29δ¹⁸O+19.73	0.93	0.010
Y02	6	3484	402.9	-48.61	-8.31	δD=8.08δ¹⁸O+18.98	0.98	0.001
Y03	6	3582	455.5	-49.56	-8.48	δD=9.11δ¹⁸O+28.33	0.98	0.001
Y04	6	3610	439.2	-47.13	-8.01	δD=8.65δ¹⁸O+20.70	0.82	0.010
Y05	6	3614	524.4	-45.04	-7.77	δD=8.82δ¹⁸O+23.86	0.93	0.010
Y06	5	3746	516.3	-51.01	-8.84	δD=8.86δ¹⁸O+27.58	0.98	0.001
Y07	5	3917	418.2	-43.27	-8.22	δD=8.75δ¹⁸O+28.49	0.99	0.001
Y08	5	4090	580.3	-45.52	-8.48	δD=9.60δ¹⁸O+35.68	0.99	0.010
Y09	5	4182	475.0	-61.31	-10.43	δD=8.00δ¹⁸O+21.81	0.99	0.001
Y01~Y09	50	—	458.8	-46.72	-8.15	δD=8.43δ¹⁸O+22.71	0.94	0.001

类型	编号	样品数	河源距离(km)	海拔(m)	Cl^-(SD)(mg/L)	δD(SD)(‰)	δ¹⁸O(SD)(‰)	d-excess(SD)(‰)
水文站	A1	12	87.77	3291	14.63(9.73)	-43.66(3.88)	-7.33(0.56)	14.97(1.44)
干流	A2	12	68.79	3381	5.33(1.98)	-45.33(3.98)	-7.59(0.67)	15.41(2.06)
干流	A3	9	52.00	3496	6.53(3.60)	-44.54(2.03)	-7.51(0.32)	15.53(1.26)
干流	A4	9	37.53	3602	5.02(1.85)	-47.03(3.51)	-7.82(0.48)	15.49(1.63)
干流	A5	9	29.51	3691	4.51(2.89)	-48.56(4.06)	-8.12(0.52)	16.37(1.29)
干流	A6	9	20.77	3770	4.52(1.37)	-50.76(4.77)	-8.45(0.51)	16.86(1.29)
干流	A7	9	11.90	3873	3.86(1.56)	-55.44(8.35)	-9.03(0.85)	16.78(2.16)
干流	A8	9	0	4120	3.75(1.84)	-58.95(10.39)	-9.71(1.25)	18.76(1.16)
支流	B1	9	78.90	3353	7.96(4.22)	-40.82(2.92)	-6.73(0.52)	13.05(2.22)
支流	B2	9	73.06	3387	7.42(1.58)	-38.48(13.04)	-6.52(0.67)	13.71(3.29)
支流	B3	9	68.81	3391	5.52(1.72)	-38.77(4.97)	-6.58(0.56)	13.84(2.21)
支流	B4	9	61.18	3452	6.12(1.39)	-40.77(3.39)	-6.66(0.49)	12.53(1.40)
支流	B5	9	56.27	3521	4.75(1.19)	-45.33(3.69)	-7.56(0.47)	15.19(0.72)
支流	B6	9	46.91	3524	6.29(1.77)	-43.83(1.93)	-7.39(0.27)	15.31(0.88)
支流	B7	8	34.25	3630	6.31(2.08)	-46.59(2.92)	-7.80(0.35)	15.83(1.36)
支流	B8	9	15.73	3847	6.25(3.20)	-51.74(3.94)	-8.60(0.61)	17.06(1.87)
支流	B9	9	5.89	4002	3.75(1.84)	-58.26(10.98)	-9.47(1.16)	17.47(2.18)
地下水	C1	12	80.02	3329	12.64(4.48)	-40.54(0.91)	-6.64(0.27)	12.56(1.82)
地下水	C2	12	61.18	3434	8.44(4.56)	-39.71(1.67)	-6.59(0.43)	13.03(2.08)
地下水	C3	12	55.27	3473	6.02(1.08)	-42.20(1.83)	-7.03(0.41)	14.03(1.92)
地下水	C4	12	36.48	3575	6.11(1.69)	-36.22(2.42)	-6.21(0.43)	13.48(1.81)

采样时间(年/月)	Cl^-(mg/L)	δD(‰)	δ¹⁸O(‰)	d-excess(‰)
2017/10	13.00	-51.06	-8.03	13.14
2017/11	26.59	-47.41	-7.96	16.29
2017/12	29.27	-43.42	-7.51	16.63
2018/01	31.43	-43.10	-7.07	13.43
2018/02	15.91	-43.94	-7.22	13.79
2018/03	14.24	-41.53	-6.97	14.24
2018/04	15.53	-42.19	-7.04	14.13
2018/05	4.07	-41.23	-7.00	14.80
2018/06	4.17	-39.13	-6.60	13.67
2018/07	6.64	-44.00	-7.80	18.38
2018/08	5.69	-41.49	-7.06	14.95
2018/09	9.00	-43.54	-7.43	15.86

基于氢氧稳定同位素和水化学的青藏高原高寒内陆流域水文过程示踪研究

Hydrological process tracing study of the alpine inland basin of the Tibetan Plateau based on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemistry

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