世界城市制造业地域嵌入生产性服务业的过程及其影响因素——以广汽本田和空客汉堡为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200723

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

经典世界城市理论主要关注生产性服务业,较少关注制造业,其基于英美城市经验提出的世界城市产业关系弱化的观点已逐渐受到质疑。本文以中国广汽本田和德国空客汉堡为例,通过实地调研和企业访谈方法,剖析和比较制造业地域嵌入生产性服务业的过程与模式,探讨其影响因素。研究发现：世界城市制造业地域嵌入生产性服务业经历了嵌入初期、扩大发展、优化完善3个阶段,并表现为集团推动型嵌入、客户追随型嵌入、地方购买型嵌入等模式;成本和市场规模、企业策略和文化、地方企业服务水平、经济环境和基础设施等对制造业的地域嵌入具有重要的影响。研究从企业微观层面更细致和动态地揭示制造业与生产性服务业共同发展的世界城市产业关联紧密的特征,进一步丰富和完善世界城市产业关系的理论探讨和实证研究。

关键词: 地域嵌入, 制造企业, 生产性服务企业, 世界城市

Abstract:

Since the 1980s, there has been an unprecedented upsurge in researching world cities. The existing literature of world cities has investigated the role of advanced producer services by largely focusing on the experiences of post-industrial countries, however, little has been done in interrogating manufacturing industry. They found that the relationship between manufacturing industry and producer services is loosen, but some disagreed. This research is underpinned by field studies and in-depth interviews by focusing on Honda in Guangzhou and Airbus in Hamburg. In doing so, this research aims to analyze the industrial relationship with the process of territorial embeddedness of industry into the local producer service firms. This research has two research findings: (1) the territorial embeddedness has experienced three stages and three modes, which are headquarter-driven embeddedness, customer-following embeddedness, and local purchasing embeddedness. (2) The influencing factors of territorial embeddedness including cost and the scale of market, enterprise strategy and culture, service level of local enterprises, economic environment and infrastructure. This research addresses the gap of weakening industrial relationship and different paths of development in world cities by further destabilizing the hegemony of Anglo-American studies. It provides a fresh view from the micro-level by revealing the dynamic industrial relationships between manufacturing and local producer services in world cities.

Key words: territorial embeddedness, manufacturing firm, producer service firm, world city

李玮, 黄耿志, 薛德升. 世界城市制造业地域嵌入生产性服务业的过程及其影响因素——以广汽本田和空客汉堡为例[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(2): 343-355.

LI Wei, HUANG Gengzhi, XUE Desheng. Dynamic processes and factors of territorial embeddedness of manufacturing in world cities: Case studies of Honda in Guangzhou and Airbus in Hamburg[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(2): 343-355.

图/表 4

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访谈对象	对象数量	被访者数量
引领型制造企业	2	18
关联生产性服务企业	16	18
行业协会	4	7
政府部门	6	7
专家学者	20	20
合计	42	70

项目	广汽本田			空客汉堡
项目	1998年	2000年	2016年	1970年	2000年	2016年
关联行业数	4	7	7	4	4	7
关联企业数	15	32	27	>11	11	9
集团关联的跨国服务公司业务量占外包业务量的比值	62.9	52.9	47.1	-	1	30
本土企业业务量占外包业务量的比值	37.1	47.1	52.9	-	99	70