藏东南三江并流核心区植被时空动态变化及其气候驱动力分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj020201123

地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 3191-3207.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020201123

藏东南三江并流核心区植被时空动态变化及其气候驱动力分析

王春雅¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 王金牛³^,⁴(), 崔霞⁵, 魏彦强⁶, 孙建⁷, Niyati Naudiyal³, 杜文涛⁶, 陈庆涛¹^,²

1.成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都 610059
2.成都理工大学国土资源部地学空间信息技术重点实验室,成都 610059
3.中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都 610041
4.西藏生态安全屏障生态监测网络芒康生态监测站,昌都 854000
5.兰州大学资源与环境学院,兰州 730000
6.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州 730000
7.中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京 100101

收稿日期:2020-11-25 接受日期:2021-04-29 出版日期:2021-11-10 发布日期:2022-01-10
通讯作者: 王金牛（1982-）,男,甘肃通渭县人,副研究员,博士,主要从事高山植物功能生态学、山区可持续发展方面的研究。E-mail: wangjn@cib.ac.cn
作者简介:王春雅（1996-）,女,山西临县人,硕士,主要研究方向为“3S”技术与数字国土,植被生态遥感。E-mail: 1113836508@qq.com
基金资助:
芒康野外监测站“中国生物多样性监测与研究网络(SinoBon)”平台项目;国家自然科学基金项目(31971436);中国科学院西北生态环境与资源研究院冰冻圈国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLCSOP-2018-07);国土资源部地学空间信息技术重点实验室开放基金(KLGSIT2013-15);四川省教育厅科研重点项目(16ZA0106)

Spatio-temporal change in vegetation patterns and its climatic drivers in the core region of Three Parallel Rivers in southeast Tibet

WANG Chunya¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), WANG Jinniu³^,⁴(), CUI Xia⁵, WEI Yanqiang⁶, SUN Jian⁷, NIYATI Naudiyal³, DU Wentao⁶, CHEN Qingtao¹^,²

1. Earth Sciences College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geoscience Spatial Information Technology of Ministry of Land and Resources, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3. Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China
4. Mangkang Ecological Monitoring Station, Tibet Ecological Security Barrier Ecological Monitoring Network, Qamdo 854000, Tibet, China
5. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
6. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
7. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2020-11-25 Accepted:2021-04-29 Published:2021-11-10 Online:2022-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被生长状况及其分布对气候等影响因子的响应是当前生态学研究的热点之一。基于2000—2016年MODIS NDVI数据和气象数据,用Sen+Mann-Kendall等方法分析了藏东南三江并流核心区植被的时空变化及其与气候因子的关系。研究结果表明：① 该区植被覆盖整体趋于稳定,呈缓慢增加趋势,不同植被类型覆盖空间异质性明显。② 植被变化趋势结果显示植被覆盖变化以稳定不变和改善趋势为主,区域总体呈稳中向好态势。③ 相关分析表明植被NDVI增加主要与气候暖化有关,与降水量相关性较小。此外,人类活动对植被影响的双重性表现为：大多地区植被改善受生态工程和围栏禁牧政策影响,局部地区植被退化则与城镇化进程加快有关。研究结果揭示气温是影响植被格局的主要气候因子,了解影响植被变化及其驱动因素的空间变异性可为山地植被生态环境保护建设提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 归一化植被指数, 植被覆盖, 气候变化, 相关性分析, 三江并流核心区

Abstract:

The influence of climate and other environmental factors on growth and distribution of vegetation is a key concern amongst ecological researchers today. Based on MODIS NDVI (MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data from 2000 to 2016 in the core region of the Three Parallel Rivers in southeast Tibet, this study integrated meteorological data, vegetation type data of ESA CCI-LC (The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Land Cover), and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) elevation data to figure out the spatio-temporal dynamics of NDVI, and analyzed their response to climate drivers by using Sen+Mann-Kendall analysis methods. The results indicated that, during 2000-2016, the vegetation cover in the study area was basically stable, showing a slow increase trend, and the spatial heterogeneity of different vegetation types was observed. The results of vegetation variation trend showed that vegetation coverage in this area was mainly stable (47.92%) and improved (30.93%), i.e. the overall regional vegetation showed a trend of stability and improvement. In addition, we can see a significant increase of temperature in the study area but no obvious precipitation changes in term of time scales. The correlation analysis demonstrated the spatial pattern of NDVI was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, while the correlation with temperature is stronger than that with precipitation. Combined with the variation trend and partial correlation analysis results of vegetation and climate factors, it can be concluded that the slow inter-annual growth of NDVI is mainly caused by the increase of annual average temperature. Furthermore, the duality of human activities on vegetation was reflected in the combined influence of ecological projects such as 'Green for Grain' and establishment of small townships across the study area creates a mosaic of improved or degraded vegetation across the study area. The results show that air temperature is the main climatic factor affecting the vegetation pattern. Understanding the spatial variability of vegetation change and its driving factors is especially important to strengthen existing measures for biodiversity protection and regional ecological conservation in the study area, and the results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the eco-environmental protection of mountain vegetation.

Key words: NDVI, vegetation cover, climate change, correlation analysis, core region of Three Parallel Rivers

王春雅, 王金牛, 崔霞, 魏彦强, 孙建, Niyati Naudiyal, 杜文涛, 陈庆涛. 藏东南三江并流核心区植被时空动态变化及其气候驱动力分析[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(11): 3191-3207.

WANG Chunya, WANG Jinniu, CUI Xia, WEI Yanqiang, SUN Jian, NIYATI Naudiyal, DU Wentao, CHEN Qingtao. Spatio-temporal change in vegetation patterns and its climatic drivers in the core region of Three Parallel Rivers in southeast Tibet[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(11): 3191-3207.

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序号	植被类型名称	面积(km²)	比例(%)
1	农田	19888	1.33
2	草地	964704	64.41
3	灌草丛	146703	9.79
4	常绿阔叶林	25057	1.67
5	落叶阔叶林	12229	0.82
6	常绿针叶林	262017	17.49
7	其它	67150	4.49

NDVI值		非植被区（<0.1）	低植被覆盖（0.1~0.3）	中低植被覆盖（0.3~0.45）	中等植被覆盖（0.6~0.75）	中高植被覆盖（0.6~0.75）	高植被覆盖（>0.75）
农田	面积(km²)	0.36	59.94	253.71	673.92	1251.63	551.79
农田	面积比例(%)	0.01	2.15	9.09	24.14	44.84	19.77
草地	面积(km²)	1929.51	10251.09	8700.12	13905.45	29551.23	17470.98
草地	面积比例(%)	2.36	12.53	10.63	17.00	36.12	21.36
灌草丛	面积(km²)	—	2.07	9.72	48.24	384.75	533.25
灌草丛	面积比例(%)	—	0.21	0.99	4.93	39.34	54.52
常绿阔叶林	面积(km²)	—	—	—	0.81	35.01	1229.22
常绿阔叶林	面积比例(%)	—	—	—	0.06	2.77	97.17
落叶阔叶林	面积(km²)	—	—	2.79	18.99	157.32	350.82
落叶阔叶林	面积比例(%)	—	—	0.53	3.58	29.69	66.20
常绿针叶林	面积(km²)	0.72	2.43	11.43	124.20	2268.72	16454.70
常绿针叶林	面积比例(%)	—	0.01	0.06	0.66	12.03	87.24
其它	面积(km²)	2959.38	986.04	311.76	207.54	198.90	245.61
其它	面积比例(%)	60.28	20.09	6.35	4.23	4.05	5.00

NDVI变化趋势	Z值	变化情况	面积百分比(%)
<-0.002	<-1.96	明显退化	2.11
<-0.002	-1.96~1.96	轻微退化	19.04
-0.002~0.002	-1.96~1.96	稳定不变	47.92
>0.002	-1.96~1.96	轻微改善	27.18
>0.002	>1.96	明显改善	3.75

植被类型	明显退化	轻微退化	稳定不变	轻微改善	明显改善
农田	7.40	27.21	34.32	24.68	6.39
草地	6.34	25.83	36.86	24.22	6.75
灌草丛	5.89	25.88	36.62	26.01	5.59
常绿阔叶林	1.76	22.87	54.45	19.38	1.54
落叶阔叶林	4.93	19.80	32.76	31.15	11.36
常绿针叶林	3.72	25.42	43.09	24.54	3.23
其它	3.60	11.09	43.35	29.51	12.46

显著性水平	降水（简单相关）		气温（简单相关）		降水（偏相关）		气温（偏相关）
显著性水平	像元数	像元比例	像元数	像元比例	像元数	像元比例	像元数	像元比例
极显著负相关（r<0, P<0.01）	4425	0.33	7435	0.55	10199	0.76	10972	0.81
显著负相关（r<0, 0.01<P<0.05）	20756	1.55	24334	1.81	32894	2.45	37155	2.76
非显著负相关（r<0, P>0.05）	591930	44.10	544475	40.40	656200	48.85	721117	53.56
非显著正相关（r>0, P>0.05）	675156	50.30	723748	53.70	616189	45.87	549659	40.82
显著正相关（r>0, 0.01<P<0.05）	38616	2.88	37364	2.77	22739	1.69	21595	1.60
极显著正相关（r>0, P<0.01）	11465	0.85	10380	0.77	5187	0.39	5961	0.44

藏东南三江并流核心区植被时空动态变化及其气候驱动力分析

Spatio-temporal change in vegetation patterns and its climatic drivers in the core region of Three Parallel Rivers in southeast Tibet

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植被类型	相关系数		偏相关系数
植被类型	降水	气温	降水	气温
农田	0.31**	0.76**	0.26**	-0.07
草地	0.06**	0.34**	-0.19*	0.38**
灌草丛	0.10	-0.12	0.19	-0.21
常绿阔叶林	0.38*	0.46**	-0.08	0.29*
落叶阔叶林	0.68**	0.80**	0.12	0.59**
常绿针叶林	0.24**	0.38**	-0.02	0.30*
其它	0.29**	0.49**	-0.14	0.43*

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