城市环境立法能够提升企业出口国内附加值率吗?——基于双重差分模型（DID）的实证研究

doi:10.11821/dlyj020210055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市环境立法是推进生态文明建设的重要法制保障,也会因强化的环境规制而对企业贸易行为产生深刻影响。基于2000—2013年中国工业企业和海关数据库,以城市环境立法为准自然实验,运用双重差分法考察其对企业出口国内附加值率的影响。研究表明：① 城市环境立法在样本期内虽然不利于企业出口国内附加值率的提升,但随着立法时间效应累积,“波特效应”会逐渐增强,城市环境立法的负向影响会被不断减弱。② 异质性分析发现,城市环境立法对较低创新型企业、低融资约束企业、加工贸易型企业以及“两控区”企业出口国内附加值率的负向影响更为显著。③ 机制研究表明,城市环境立法引致的“中间品替代效应”会降低企业出口国内附加值率,即城市环境立法在一定程度上增加了企业国内生产成本,从而导致国内中间品种类和数量下降,进而使得企业出口国内附加值率下降;此外,城市环境立法又会通过“成本加成效应”提升企业出口国内附加值率,即城市环境立法会倒逼企业创新继而提高企业成本加成率,使得企业出口国内附加值率得以提升。但负向的“中间品替代效应”大于正向的“成本加成效应”,从而使得城市环境立法不利于企业出口国内附加值率的提升。不断健全地方环境法律法规,提升地方政府环境治理能力,推动企业技术创新与绿色生产,是实现经济高质量发展的有效路径。

关键词: 城市环境立法, 企业出口国内附加值率, 中间品替代效应, 成本加成效应, 双重差分模型

Abstract:

Urban environmental legislation is an important guarantee to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and it will also have a profound impact on the trade behavior of enterprises due to strengthened environmental regulations. Based on Chinese industrial enterprise database and customs database from 2000 to 2013, this paper takes urban environmental legislation as the natural experiment, and uses the difference-in-differences method to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the enterprises export domestic value added ratio. The results show that: (1) Although urban environmental legislation in the sample period is not conducive to the improvement of enterprises export domestic value added ratio, but with the accumulation of legislative time effect, the “Porter effect” will gradually strengthen, and the negative impact of urban environmental legislation will continuously weaken. (2) The heterogeneity analysis shows that urban environmental legislation has a more significant negative impact on the domestic value added ratio with low innovation, low financing constraint, processing trade enterprises and “two control zone” enterprises. (3) The mechanism research shows that the “intermediate substitution effect” caused by urban environmental legislation can reduce the export domestic value added ratio, that is, urban environmental legislation increases the domestic production cost of enterprises to some extent, which leads to the decline of the types and quantity of domestic intermediate goods, and then the decline of the export domestic value added ratio. In addition, urban environmental legislation will improve the export domestic value added ratio through the “cost plus effect”, that is, urban environmental legislation will force enterprises to innovate and then increase the cost plus rate of enterprises, so that the export domestic value added ratio can be improved. However, the negative “intermediate substitution effect” is greater than the positive “cost plus effect”, so that the urban environmental legislation is not conducive to the improvement of export domestic value added ratio. Improving local environmental laws and regulations, improving the environmental governance capacity of local governments, and promoting technological innovation and green production of enterprises are effective ways to achieve high-quality economic development.

Key words: urban environmental legislation, enterprises export domestic value added ratio, intermediate product substitution effect, cost plus effect, difference-in-differences model

张兵兵, 胡榴榴. 城市环境立法能够提升企业出口国内附加值率吗?——基于双重差分模型（DID）的实证研究[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(10): 2930-2948.

ZHANG Bingbing, HU Liuliu. Can urban environmental legislation improve the enterprises export domestic value added ratio? Empirical research based on difference-in-differences (DID) model[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(10): 2930-2948.

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变量名	变量代码	样本量	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
企业出口国内附加值率	dvar	181923	0.850	0.174	0.000155	1.000
企业年龄	age	181923	2.135	0.645	0	4.159
出口密集度	exprint	181923	0.387	0.338	5.35e-08	1
资本密集度	caplab	181923	10.02	2.539	-5.325	20.830
企业规模	scale	181923	5.558	1.155	2.079	11.930

被解释变量	dvar
被解释变量	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）
post×treat	-0.0074^*** (-3.52)	-0.0074^*** (-3.54)	-0.0061^*** (-2.95)	-0.0058^*** (-2.84)	-0.0059^*** (-2.85)
age		0.0080^*** (5.09)	0.0082^*** (5.30)	0.0082^*** (5.31)	0.0095^*** (6.14)
exprint			-0.0929^*** (-34.34)	-0.0934^*** (-34.54)	-0.0933^*** (-34.54)
caplab				-0.0045^*** (-7.27)	-0.0065^*** (-9.16)
scale					-0.0063^*** (-5.63)
_cons	0.8848^*** (15.71)	0.8698^*** (15.53)	0.8696^*** (15.47)	0.9183^*** (16.14)	0.9795^*** (16.89)
a_i	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_t	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_j	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_p	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	181923	181923	181923	181923	181923
adj. R²	0.067	0.068	0.088	0.088	0.089

被解释变量	dvar
	倾向得分匹配		调整样本区间
	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）
post×treat	-0.0086^*** (-4.03)	-0.0072^*** (-3.43)	-0.0059^*** (-2.76)	-0.0036^* (-1.73)
_cons	0.9059^*** (14.71)	0.9771^*** (16.28)	0.8552^*** (17.04)	0.9181^*** (17.81)
Control	NO	YES	NO	YES
a_i	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_t	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_j	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_p	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	123413	123413	149263	149263
adj. R²	0.069	0.089	0.038	0.072

被解释变量	dvar
	剔除极端值		动态时间窗
	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）	（6）
post×treat	-0.0046^*** (-2.58)	-0.0029^* (-1.75)	-0.0099^** (-1.96)	-0.0095^*** (-2.62)	-0.0083^*** (-2.78)	-0.0054^** (-2.05)
_cons	0.9760^*** (24.82)	0.9728^*** (17.91)	1.1838^*** (14.12)	1.0403^*** (12.57)	0.9485^*** (21.91)	0.9681^*** (26.84)
Control	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_i	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_t	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_j	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_p	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	181923	163731	13268	21454	28766	36534
adj. R²	0.102	0.099	0.065	0.054	0.058	0.060

被解释变量	dvar
	立法时间提前一年		立法时间提前两年		立法时间提前三年
	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）	（6）
fpost×treat	-0.0013 (-0.45)	-0.0001 (-0.04)	-0.0017 (-0.51)	-0.0011 (-0.34)	0.0013 (0.32)	0.0015 (0.38)
_cons	0.8785^*** (15.66)	0.9740^*** (16.84)	0.8788^*** (15.66)	0.9747^*** (16.85)	0.8764^*** (15.62)	0.9728^*** (16.82)
Control	NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	YES
a_i	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_t	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_j	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
a_p	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	181923	181923	181923	181923	181923	181923
adj. R²	0.067	0.089	0.067	0.089	0.067	0.089