地方政府驱动下的城市建成空间特征差异——以广州、东莞为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201706003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在转型期的中国,主导城市发展的地方政府主体层级不一,将会导致城市间存在显著的空间特征差异。基于城市竞标地租理论,推导出不同层级地方政府主导下城市建成空间发展的差异化路径,并以在地方政府主体层级上存在差异的广州、东莞为例,运用空间形态测度指数、移动窗口算法和扇形分析,对比研究两市建成空间特征的差异及其原因。实证结果印证了理论推导,即市级政府主导下的城市表现出市区内用地密度高、用地规模由内向外扩张、空间形态内紧外散的空间特征;而各县级（乡镇级）政府主导下的城市表现出各地用地密度、扩张规模相当,城市整体空间形态分散、波动的空间特征。研究成果能够补充现有城市空间重塑机制中对地方政府主体及其行政力强弱驱动作用研究的不足。

关键词: 地方政府主体, 建成空间特征, 广州, 东莞

Abstract:

Since the 1980s, China has experienced great political and economic transformation that many scholars theorize as globalization, marketization and decentralization. Under this background, local governments play increasingly significant roles in shaping urban spatial structure and facilitating urban development. Local governments at multiple administrative levels and with different powers tend to produce different types of urban forms. In this paper, based on the urban land competitive bidding rental theorem, we reveal the urban spatial development character driven by local governments, and derive different urban spatial development paths under the influence of different local governments. In data analysis, we use land use data interpreted by remote sensing in the years of 1990, 2000 and 2010, and several technical measures such as urban spatial morphology measure index, the moving windows algorithm, and the Sectorial analysis method. We measure and compare the constructive land scale, regularity of built-up land sprawl, and morphological evolution between Guangzhou and Dongguan, whose urban development is driven by different levels of governments-Guangzhou's municipal government and Dongguan's village/township governments respectively. Our results confirm the theoretical derivation that municipal governments tend to develop cities with a more compact and dense urban core. The development density reduces as the land development extends away from the urban core. In contrast, village/township governments tend to develop a more dispersed, scattered, and discontinuous spatial pattern. This paper highlights the different roles that local governments at different administrative levels and with different powers have played in shaping China's urban spatial structure. It contributes to the research on the mechanisms and impacts of local governments upon urban spatial reconfiguration, and calls on our attention to the linkage between local governance and urban spatial attributes.

Key words: local governments, urban spatial structure, Guangzhou, Dongguan

伍灵晶, 仝德, 李贵才. 地方政府驱动下的城市建成空间特征差异——以广州、东莞为例[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(6): 1029-1041.

Lingjing WU, De TONG, Guicai LI. Differences of the urban spatial structure driven by local governments: Cases study in Guangzhou and Dongguan[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(6): 1029-1041.

图/表 13

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表1

城市建成空间特征测度指标"

测度指数	计算公式	参数说明
建设用地密度	$D t = A B t A t × 100$	$D t$ 表示研究单元 $t$ 时间的建设用地密度; $A B t$ 和 $A t$ 分别表示研究单元内 $t$ 时间建设用地面积和研究单元面积。
扩展强度指数	$E Δn = A B t + n - A B t A t × 1 n × 100$	$E Δn$ 表示研究单元 $t$ ~ $t + n$ 时段的扩展强度指数; $A B t + n$ 表示研究区域 $t + n$ 时段建设用地面积; $n$ 表示时间间隔;其他同上。
紧凑度指数	$C t = 2 Π A B t P B t$	$C t$ 表示研究单元紧凑度; $A B t$ 和 $P B t$ 表示研究单元 $t$ 时间建设用地斑块面积和周长。
分形维数指数	$S t = 2 ln (p t 4) ln (A t)$	$S t$ 表示研究单元分形维数; $A t$ 和 $p t$ 表示研究单元 $t$ 时间建设用地斑块面积和周长。

表1

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