地理研究 ›› 1998, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 435-443.doi: 10.11821/yj1998040015

• 论文 • 上一篇    

水文水资源系统对气候变化的响应

沈大军1, 刘昌明2   

  1. 1. 中国水利水电科学研究院 北京 100044;
    2. 中国科学院地理研究所 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:1997-10-29 修回日期:1998-08-18 出版日期:1998-12-15 发布日期:1998-12-15

HYDROLOGICAL AND WATER RESOURCES RESPONSESTO CLIMATIC CHANGE-A REVIEW

Shen Dajun1, Liu Changming2   

  1. 1. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044;
    2. Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
  • Received:1997-10-29 Revised:1998-08-18 Online:1998-12-15 Published:1998-12-15

摘要: 分别从水文系统的降水、蒸发、径流和土壤水分及水资源系统供水、需水和水资源管理等方面综述了区域水文水资源对气候变化的响应,提出了作者的看法。自从工业革命以来,由于人类改造自然界的能力日益增强,使大气中CO2及其它温室气体的浓度大幅度上升,导致温室效应,使全球气候变暖,对天气系统、生态系统及水文水资源系统等带来重大的影响。

关键词: 气候变化, 水文响应, 水资源管理

Abstract: The paper reviewed the climatic change effects on regional hydrological systems and water resources systems,and forwarded the comments on these researches.Researches on hydrological system response to climatic change focused on four fields:precipitation,evaportranspiration,soil moisture and runoff.Under climatic change,precipitation would be redistributed,with increase in some regions and decrease in others,as well as soil moisture.The potential evaporation would increase due to temperature rising,but the actual evaporation would vary with the different climatic change scenarios.Runoff response to climatic change is the most interested to the researchers.Affected by temperature and precipitation change,runoffs from research results differed greatly from various research methods and regions.But runoff in high latitude zones or ice-cover riverbasins would mostly increase,particularly in the Spring.Research on water resources management under climatic change attracted researchers' much attention in the fields of water supply,water demand and water resources management.But thanks to larger uncertainties in hydrological responses to climatic change research,it is far away to practice positive countermeasures to climatic change.On the other hand,some traditional hydrological analysis methods would hinder smooth adjustment to climatic change.But these researches on climatic change and water resources and hydrology still formulated a research framework and we could get some uncertainties from them.

Key words: climatic change, hydrological response, water resources management

PACS: 

  • P33