黄淮海平原河道基本环境需水研究

doi:10.11821/yj2003020005

地理研究 ›› 2003, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 169-176.doi: 10.11821/yj2003020005

黄淮海平原河道基本环境需水研究

王西琴^1,2, 刘昌明², 张远²

1. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872;
2. 北京师范大学环境科学研究所, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2002-08-13 修回日期:2002-11-19 出版日期:2003-04-15 发布日期:2003-04-15
作者简介:王西琴(1965-),女,陕西西安人,副教授,博士后。主要研究水资源管理与水环境保护及生态需水。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(G19990436-01)

Study of the basic environmental water requirement of the rivers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain

WANG Xi qin^1,2, LIU Chang ming², ZHANG Yuan²

1. School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
2. Institute of Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2002-08-13 Revised:2002-11-19 Online:2003-04-15 Published:2003-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对我国北方地区水环境中最突出的污染问题,以满足河流最基本的稀释自净功能为目的,提出了一种计算河道基本环境需水量的方法,即月(年)保证率设定法,并以黄淮海平原为例,进行实证分析。结果是黄淮海平原总的河道环境需水最小为2176亿m³,约占多年平均径流量的15%,其中海河流域309亿m³、黄河下游52亿m³、淮河流域片1347亿m³。通过Tennant法验证,说明计算结果可靠。本文的研究不仅丰富了生态(环境)需水的理论内涵,为河道生态(环境)需水的进一步研究打下了良好的基础,同时为研究区水资源规划、水环境保护提供了有力的依据

关键词: 黄淮海平原, 河道, 生态需水, 环境需水

Abstract:

In allusion to the most outstanding pollution problem of water resources in northern China, one calculating method of basic environmental water requirement of the rivers which can guarantee the river function of depuration and dilution is proposed, namely, the monthly (annual) guaranteed frequency method Under the precondition of different monthly (annual) guaranteed frequencies, this method takes the percentage of different natural annual mean discharge as the grade of environmental water requirement of the rivers with the help of series of hydrological statistical data, and the monthly (annual) basic environmental water requirement of the rivers is calculated individually under different guaranteed frequencies and different grades As a case the Huang Huai Hai plain of North China is analyzed Firstly, the main problems existing in the course of water resources utilization and water environment of research area are analyzed, and the main function of river system is confirmed Secondly, the current water utilization of rivers is evaluated with the criterion of Tennant method, and the results indicate that the average water consumption of the rivers in Huang Huai Hai plain in 1997 is shortage, and except that basin slice of Huaihe River belongs to "extremely good grade", the others all fall into the category of "worst" grade or "extremely bad"grade Thirdly, the basic environmental water requirement of the rivers in Huang Huai Hai plain was calculated using the method put forward in this paper, and the results showed that the minimum environmental water requirement of the rivers in Huang Huai Hai plain is 21 76 billion m³ , accounting for 15% of normal annual runoff In which, 3 09 billion m³ are for Haihe River basin, 5 2 billion m³ for the downstream of the Yellow River and 13 47 billion m³ for Huaihe River basin The results are verified through Tennant method, which proved that the calculation result is reliable The countermeasures and suggestions to meet the need of basic environmental water requirement of the rivers in research area are proposed finally The research of this article not only enriches the environmental water requirement theory, but also set up good foundation for further study of ecological (environmental) water requirement, and can offer effective basis for water resources planning and water environmental conservation for the research area at the same time

Key words: Huang Huai Hai plain, river course, ecological water requirement, environmental water requirement

PACS:

P344

王西琴, 刘昌明, 张远. 黄淮海平原河道基本环境需水研究[J]. 地理研究, 2003, 22(2): 169-176.

WANG Xi qin, LIU Chang ming, ZHANG Yuan. Study of the basic environmental water requirement of the rivers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2003, 22(2): 169-176.

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黄淮海平原河道基本环境需水研究

Study of the basic environmental water requirement of the rivers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain

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