关键词: 垦殖政策, 垦荒, 康雍乾时期

Abstract:

Being a kind of agricultural and productive action,cultivation and reclamation have closely correlated with certain governmental policies.In the Qing Dynasty,the agricultural technology was in a poor condition,and the importance of certain policies of cultivation and reclamation was even more distinctive.As a result,a thorough analysis and implementation of the cultivation policies at that time is a very important way to know the cultivation and reclamation in the Qing Dynasty.The cultivation and reclamation policies during Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong periods in the Qing Dynasty were analyzed in this paper,and the spatial and temporal distributions of cultivation and reclamation during the early Qing Dynasty were also set forth.The characteristics of cultivation and reclamation during these periods were as follows.The Kangxi period was characterized by the resume of the past cultivation that was stopped during the war.The most important aspect of cultivation during the Yongzheng period was the transitional character that was transformed from the resume of past cultivation to the settlement of requiring more cultivated land due to the quick increase of population.And the most important task of cultivation for the government duing the Qianlong period was to solve the problems of increasing poor population.Various cultivated policies were reflected in the field of reclamation and cultivation at that time.During the Kangxi period,the cultivation was resumed,and the cultivation during Yongzheng period was marked by the transformation from the reclamation of wasted cultivated land to the cultivation of virgin soils in some areas.And the characteristics of cultivation during the Qianlong period were the clear representations of cultivation of virgin soils.In the meantime,the cultivation in the early Qing Dynasty was distributed spatially.

Key words: cultivation and reclamation policies, reclamation land, the Qing Dynasty