典型喀斯特植被类型条件下绿水循环过程数值模拟

doi:10.11821/yj2010100012

地理研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1841-1852.doi: 10.11821/yj2010100012

典型喀斯特植被类型条件下绿水循环过程数值模拟

温志群¹, 杨胜天¹, 宋文龙¹, 白晓辉¹, 高芳², 刘伟³

1. 遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 环境遥感与数字城市北京市重点实验室,北京 100875;
2. 北京师范大学环境学院,北京 100875;
3. 浙江大学地球科学系,杭州 310027

收稿日期:2009-11-27 修回日期:2010-06-05 出版日期:2010-10-20 发布日期:2010-10-20
通讯作者: 杨胜天(1965-),男,教授,博导。从事遥感和GIS应用研究。E-mail: yangshengtian@bnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:温志群(1984-),男,福建泉州人,博士研究生。主要研究方向为环境科学、水文水资源遥感。E-mail: wenzhiqun@gmail.com 。
杨胜天(1965-),男,教授,博导。从事遥感和GIS应用研究。E-mail: yangshengtian@bnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB422207);国家自然科学基金项目(40671123);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA12Z145)

The numerical simulation on green water cycle of typical vegetation types in karst area

WEN Zhi-qun¹, YANG Sheng-tian¹, SONG Wen-long¹, GAO Fang¹, LIU Wei²

1. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
3. Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Received:2009-11-27 Revised:2010-06-05 Online:2010-10-20 Published:2010-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿水对于喀斯特地区的生态恢复具有重要意义。从绿水循环过程入手,综合考虑冠层截留过程、土壤水分运动过程和植被蒸散发过程,建立典型喀斯特地区不同植被类型条件下的绿水循环过程模型。模型在小型人工模拟降雨实验和长时段监测数据的验证下,依托遥感和GIS手段,扩展到区域尺度,模拟了研究区2005年10月~2006年3月的绿水循环过程,结果表明:(1)研究区的绿水占了降雨量的87.4%,大部分降水通过冠层截留、蒸散发和入渗转化为绿水,供给生态用水。(2)典型喀斯特地区不同植被类型条件下绿水循环存在重要差异,随着喀斯特生态恢复和植被类型改变,生态系统把更多的降雨转化为绿水,即转化为生态用水。(3)模拟时段内的绿水贮存量呈增大趋势,不易发生干旱,是"春旱"和"夏旱"前绿水补充的重要时段。

关键词: 冠层截留, 土壤水分, 蒸散发, 绿水, 喀斯特地区, EcoHAT系统

Abstract:

Green water is vital to vegetation recovery in karst area. Considering the processes in green water cycle, this paper coupled the canopy interception process, soil moisture movement process and evaportranspiration process, and built a green water cycle processes model to simulate and analyze green water cycle of typical vegetation types in karst area. Under the rainfall simulation experiment calibration and soil moisture monitor calibration, the model was extended to regional scale, and was used to simulate the green water cycle in a karst area, Guizhou Province, China, during October 2005 to March 2006. The results show that: First, most of the rainfall during this period turns into green water through canopy interception and infiltration into soil, which totally occupies 87.4% of rainfall and is supplied for vegetation ecosystem water use. Second, there are many differences in green water cycle processes of different vegetation types in the study area. The percentages of green water of different vegetation types are 93.3%, 93.2%, 91.5%, 81.9% for shrubs, coniferous woodland, mix woodland, grassland respectively. It can be concluded that with the vegetation recovery from grassland to shrubs and woodland in the study area, there will be more and more rainfall turning into green water which is used by the vegetation ecosystem and benefits the vegetation recovery. Third, the changes of green water cycle between months in different vegetation types share the same characteristics. The green water storage is increasing in October, January, and March in all vegetation types, and is decreasing in November, December, and February. In this period, the amount of green water is much greater than that of blue water, and the green water storage is increasing overall. Drought is unlikely to occur during October to March and the green water storage is supplemented in this period before the "spring drought" and "summer drought" in this karst area.

Key words: infiltration, interception, soil moisture, evaportranspiration, green water, karst area, EcoHAT System

温志群, 杨胜天, 宋文龙, 白晓辉, 高芳, 刘伟. 典型喀斯特植被类型条件下绿水循环过程数值模拟[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(10): 1841-1852.

WEN Zhi-qun, YANG Sheng-tian, SONG Wen-long, BAI Xiao-hui, GAO Fang, LIU Wei. The numerical simulation on green water cycle of typical vegetation types in karst area[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2010, 29(10): 1841-1852.

参考文献

[1] 李阳兵,王世杰,熊康宁.浅议西南岩溶山地的水文生态效应研究.中国岩溶,2003,22(1):24~27.

[2] 苏跃,廖婧琳,冯泽蔚,等.54年来贵州旱灾及其对粮食生产的影响.贵州农业科学,2008,36(1):51~53.

[3] 刘昌明,李云成."绿水"与节水:中国水资源内涵问题讨论.科学对社会的影响,2006,(1):16~20.

[4] 王玉娟,杜迪,杨胜天.贵州龙里典型喀斯特地区绿水资源耗用研究.中国岩溶,2008,27(4):34~346.

[5] Falkenmark M.Greenwater-conceptualising water consumed by terrestrial ecosystems.www.gwsp.org,2005-08.

[6] Falkenmark M,Rockstrom J.The new blue and green water paradigm:Breaking new ground for water resources planning and management.Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2006,132:129~132.

[7] Ringersma J, Batjes N ,Dent D. Green water: Definitions and data for assessment(ISRIC Report) .Wageningen,2003.

[8] Alexandratos N,Wiley J,Chicheste S.World Agriculture:Towards 2010.FAO,1995.

[9] 程国栋,赵文智.绿水及其研究进展.地球科学进展,2006,21(3):221~227.

[10] Postel S L,Daily G C,Ehlich P R.Human appropriation of renewable freshwater.Science,1996,271:785~788.

[11] Rockstrom J,Gordon L.Assessment of green water flows to sustain major biomes of the world:Implications for future ecohydrological landscape management.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2001,26(11~12):843~851.

[12] Schuol J,Abbaspour K C,Yang H,et al.Modeling blue and green water availability in Africa,Water ResourcesResearch.,2008,44(W07406):1~18.

[13] Faramarzi M,Abbaspour K C,Schulin R,et al.Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran.HydrologicalProcesses,2009,23:486~501.

[14] Gerden D,Hoff H,Bondeau A,et al.Contemporary "green" water flows:Simulations with a dynamic global vegetation and water balance model.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2005,30:334~338.

[15] 王玉娟,杨胜天,刘昌明.植被生态用水结构及绿水资源消耗效用——以黄河三门峡地区为例.地理研究,2009,28(1):74~85.

[16] 吴洪涛,武春友,郝芳华,等.绿水的多角度评估及其在碧流河上游地区的应用.资源科学,2009,31(3):420~428.

[17] Graham J.Integrating blue and green water flows for water resources management and planning.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:753~762.

[18] 李小雁.流域绿水研究的关键科学问题.地球科学进展,2008,23(7):707~713.

[19] 李小雁,马育军,宋冉,等.陆地生态系统绿水资源开发与雨水积流技术潜力分析.科技导报,2007,24:52~57.

[20] 王浩,杨贵羽,贾仰文,等. 基于区域ET结构的黄河流域土壤水资源消耗效用研究.中国科学(D辑),2007,37(12):1643~1652.

[21] 刘昌明,王中根,郑红星,等.HIMS系统及其定制模型的开发与应用.中国科学(E辑),2008,38(3):350~360.

[22] 刘昌明,郑红星,王中根.流域水循环分布式模拟.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006.

[23] 唐世浩,朱启疆,孙睿.基于方向反射率的大尺度叶面积指数反演算法及其验证.自然科学进展,2006,16(3):331~337.

[24] 唐世浩,朱启疆,王锦地,等.三波段梯度差植被指数的理论基础及应用.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(11):1094~1102.

[25] Van Dam J C,Feddes R A.Numerical simulation of infltration,evaporation and shallow groundwater levels with the Richards equation.Journal of Hydrology,2000,233:72~85.

[26] Dai Y J,Zeng X B,Dickinson R E.Common Land Model (CLM) (Technical Documentation and User 's Guide).2001.21~29.

[27] 雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1988.

[28] Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D,et al.Crop evapotranspiration:Guidelines for computing crop water requirements.FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56.Rome:FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998.38~56.

[29] 刘昌明.黄土高原暴雨径流预报关系初步实验研究,科学通报,1965,(2):158~161.

[30] 刘昌明,杨胜天,温志群,等.分布式生态水文模型EcoHAT系统开发及应用.中国科学(E辑),2009,39(6):1112~1121.

[31] 王玉娟,杨胜天,吕涛,等.区域尺度典型喀斯特地区土壤水分动态模拟.自然资源学报,2009,24(4):650~662.

[32] 万军.贵州省喀斯特地区土地退化与生态重建研究进展.地球科学进展,2003,18(3):447~454.

[33] 彭韬,王世杰,张信宝,等.喀斯特坡地地表径流系数监测初报.地球与环境,2008,36(2):125~129.

[34] 梁虹.喀斯特流域地貌产流机制与产流特征.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,14(2):23~28.

典型喀斯特植被类型条件下绿水循环过程数值模拟

The numerical simulation on green water cycle of typical vegetation types in karst area

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	蔡宏, 林国敏, 康文华. 赤水河流域中上游坡地景观特征对河流水质的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(4): 704-716.
[2]	吕娜娜, 白洁, 常存, 李均力, 罗格平, 吴世新, 丁建丽. 近50年基于农作物种植结构的新疆绿洲农田蒸散发时空变化分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(8): 1443-1454.
[3]	刘凤山, 陶福禄, 肖登攀, 张帅, 王猛, 张贺, 柏会子. 土地覆被变化过程中叶面积指数与降水量对地表能量平衡的贡献——基于SiB2的模拟结果[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(7): 1264-1274.
[4]	宋亚路, 刘苏峡, 马英, 胡超, 莫兴国. 土壤分层关键因子确定——以新乡实验农地为例[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(11): 2125-2134.
[5]	张士锋, 孟秀敬, 廖强. 北京市水资源与水量平衡研究[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(11): 1991-1997.
[6]	潘云, 宫辉力, 朱琳, 李小娟, 赵文吉, 宫兆宁. 基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理研究——以延庆盆地为例[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(8): 1412-1420.
[7]	王鹏, 宋献方, 袁瑞强, 韩冬梅, 张应华, 张兵, 李保国. 基于Hydrus-1d模型的农田SPAC系统水分通量估算--以山西省运城市董村农场为例[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(4): 622-634.
[8]	李春梅, 汪美华, 王红亚. 贵州麦岗水库沉积物的矿物磁性特征及其土壤侵蚀意义[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(11): 1971-1980.
[9]	何福红, 蒋卫国, 黄明斌. 黄土高原沟壑区苹果基地退果还耕的生态水分效应[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(10): 1863-1869.
[10]	王玉娟, 杨胜天, 刘昌明, 戴东, 郑东海, 曾红娟. 植被生态用水结构及绿水资源消耗效用——以黄河三门峡地区为例[J]. 地理研究, 2009, 28(1): 74-84.
[11]	蒙吉军, 王钧. 20世纪80年代以来西南喀斯特地区植被变化对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理研究, 2007, 26(5): 857-866.
[12]	张科利, 彭文英, 王龙, 付安平, 徐香兰. 东北黑土区土壤剖面地温和水分变化规律[J]. 地理研究, 2007, 26(2): 314-320.
[13]	王志强, 刘宝元, 王晓兰. 黄土高原半干旱区天然锦鸡儿灌丛对土壤水分的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2005, 24(1): 113-120.
[14]	万军, 蔡运龙. 应用线性光谱分离技术研究喀斯特地区土地覆被变化——以贵州省关岭县为例[J]. 地理研究, 2003, 22(4): 439-446.
[15]	邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王军, 陈利顶. 黄土丘陵小流域土壤水分空间预测的统计模型[J]. 地理研究, 2001, 20(6): 739-751.