高度城市化地区生态廊道重要性评价探索——以深圳为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj201703014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在高度城市化背景下,开展生态廊道重要性评价研究,对维护城市生态安全格局具有重要意义。选取高度城市化但同时物种多样性较高的深圳作为研究区,构建基于主导功能分类的生态廊道重要性评价方法,为生态廊道精细化管理和布局优化提供科学依据。结果表明：① 通过最小累积阻力面模型识别的源间连接廊道大部分与已规划廊道重合,但仍有少部分未被覆盖,应将其规划为生态廊道并严格管控。② 各相邻城市组团间均有大型生态斑块或组团隔离廊道予以隔离,应控制组团隔离廊道内部建设用地规模。③ 根据重要性评价,8条生态廊道被纳入一级生态廊道,12条被纳入二级生态廊道,一级生态廊道基本兼具生物和景观连通、组团隔离两种功能,具有不可替代性且自身情况较好,对生物多样性维护及阻止建设用地无序蔓延有着十分重要的作用,应纳入基本生态控制线一级管制区进行严格管控。

关键词: 高度城市化, 生态廊道, 重要性

Abstract:

Ecological corridor plays an important role in biodiversity protection and disordered extension of city area prevention, as it is a bridge to link ecological patches, also an important division of urban group segregation. Therefore, it is helpful to evaluate the significance of ecological corridor in highly urbanized areas for ecological security pattern protection. In this paper, Shenzhen is taken as a case to explore significance evaluation method of ecological corridor, for it is a highly urbanized region with high species diversity. The significance evaluation method of ecological corridor has been constructed and applied, in order to provide scientific basis for fine management and layout optimization of ecological corridor, and also enrich the research on significance evaluation of ecological corridor. Some conclusions can be drawn from the evaluation results as follows: (1) Most of the corridors between the ecological source region identified by the minimum cumulative resistance surface model have been almost overlapped with planned corridors, and the others should be planned for the ecological corridors with strict control. (2) Each urban group has been separated by a large ecological plaque or planned group segregate corridor, and construction land scale should be controlled in group segregate corridors. (3) Eight ecological corridors have been divided into the first level ecological corridor based on the evaluation results, as they have two functions, which are irreplaceable, and keep a good condition. The first level ecological corridors should be managed strictly for their important role in biodiversity protection and disordered extension of construction land prevention.

Key words: high-level urbanization, ecological corridor, significance

邓金杰, 陈柳新, 杨成韫, 徐志博. 高度城市化地区生态廊道重要性评价探索——以深圳为例[J]. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 573-582.

Jinjie DENG, Liuxin CHEN, Chengyun YANG, Zhibo XU. Significance evaluation of ecological corridor in anhighly-urbanized areas: A case study of Shenzhen[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2017, 36(3): 573-582.

图/表 16

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表4

生物保护廊道重要性评价指标体系"

内容	分项	指标	分级	分级赋值	含义
功能重要性	连接斑块重要性	连接斑块面积（km²）	≥200	5	指廊道连接的两个生态源地斑块的面积之和。生态源地斑块面积越大,需要通过该廊道迁移的动物就越多,廊道越重要
			100~200	3
			<100	1
		连接斑块珍稀濒危物种种类数（种）	≥30	5	指廊道连接的两个生态源地斑块的珍稀濒危物种种类数,包括国家一级、国家二级、省级保护动物。生态源地斑块上分布的珍稀濒危物动物种类越多,廊道对于生物多样性保护越重要
			10~30	3
			<10	1
	空间可替代性	规划替代廊道数量（条）	无	5	指已经规划的替代廊道的数量。如果没有规划替代廊道,则该廊道本身越重要。如果有规划替代廊道,但两条相邻廊道的间距超出一般动物活动半径,亦视为无替代廊道。因必须被规划为生态廊道并配套相应管控政策,才能保障后续连通性,故本文的空间可替代性不考虑未规划的潜在替代廊道
			1	3
			≥2	1
廊道自身条件	宽度	平均宽度（m）	≥1000	5	指廊道的平均宽度,为廊道面积除以廊道长度所得值。宽度增加,环境异质性增加,物种多样性也增加,连通功能增强,平均宽度代表廊道宽度的整体水平。根据相关研究,100~200 m是保护鸟类、保护生物多样性比较合适的宽度,600~1200 m能创造自然的、物种丰富的景观结构^[5]
			600~1000	3
			≤600	1
		最窄处宽度（m）	≥600	5	指廊道最窄处的宽度。根据木桶原理,最窄处的宽度是廊道的短板,会限制整个廊道效应的发挥
			100~600	3
			≤100	1
	连通性	断裂用地面积比例（%）	≤10	5	指某条廊道内的断裂段用地面积占该廊道总面积的百分比。断裂用地会阻碍动物的迁移,断裂用地面积比能较全面反应廊道的连通性
			10~30	3
			≥30	1

表4

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土地覆被类型阻力因子	阻力系数（1~500）
湿地	1
乔木林	1
乔灌混合林、灌木林	10
其他林地	30
草地、耕地、绿地	50
园地	100
裸地与荒漠	300
水域	400
建设用地	500

土地覆被类型阻力因子	阻力系数（1~500）
湿地	1
乔木林	1
乔灌混合林、灌木林	10
其他林地	30
草地、耕地、绿地	50
园地	100
裸地与荒漠	300
水域	400
建设用地	500

指标	权重
隔离组团最大人口密度	0.26
平均宽度	0.54
断裂用地面积比例	0.20

编号	生物保护廊道重要性分值	组团隔离廊道重要性分值	综合评价分值	分级
1	3.75	4.08	7.83	一级
2	2.38	-	2.38	二级
3	3.68	-	3.68	二级
4	3.50	2.08	5.58	一级
5	3.36	-	3.36	二级
6	3.00	4.6	7.60	一级
7	2.65	2.6	5.25	一级
8	2.55	1.92	4.47	二级
9	2.10	3.68	5.78	一级
10	3.04	-	3.04	二级
11	2.50	-	2.50	二级
12	3.93	3.96	7.89	一级
13	3.06	-	3.06	二级
14	3.68	-	3.68	二级
15	4.60	-	4.60	一级
16	-	2.6	2.60	二级
17	-	1.52	1.52	二级
18	-	4.6	4.60	一级
19	-	3.12	3.12	二级
20	-	2.6	2.6	二级