基于融入-隔离双向对比的流动人口主观社会融合及其影响因素研究——以福厦泉城市群为例

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200301

地理研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2796-2807.doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200301

基于融入-隔离双向对比的流动人口主观社会融合及其影响因素研究——以福厦泉城市群为例

肖宝玉¹^,²^,³(), 朱宇³^,⁴^,⁵(), 林李月¹^,²^,⁴

1.福建师范大学地理研究所,福州 350007
2.福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州 350007
3.福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州 350007
4.上海大学亚洲人口研究中心,上海 200444
5.福建师范大学人口与发展研究中心,福州 350007

收稿日期:2020-04-13 修回日期:2020-07-20 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-02-20
通讯作者: 朱宇
作者简介:肖宝玉（1979-）,女,福建尤溪人,博士,讲师,研究方向为人口与城乡发展。E-mail: xby98039@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971180);国家自然科学基金项目(41971168);福建省社会科学规划项目(FJ2017B051);福建省科技厅省属公益类科研专项(2018R10346)

Migrants' subjective social integration and its determinants as a result of the two-way process of assimilation and segregation: A case study of Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou Urban Cluster

XIAO Baoyu¹^,²^,³(), ZHU Yu³^,⁴^,⁵(), LIN Liyue¹^,²^,⁴

1. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
2. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
3. School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
4. Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
5. Center for Population and Development Studies, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China

Received:2020-04-13 Revised:2020-07-20 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-02-20
Contact: ZHU Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2017年流动人口动态监测数据,选取福厦泉城市群,构建融入-隔离对比的指标体系,探讨了流动人口在流入地的主观社会融合及其影响因素。研究发现：① 流动人口在流入地的主观社会融合程度较高,但融入与隔离并存,且以融入为主。② 流动人口主观社会融合受流迁模式、社会网络、生计资本、制度政策和人口特征等因素综合影响：宏观上基本公共服务均等化能显著地增强融入、削弱隔离,淡化了户籍制度造成的融入障碍;中观上在流入地加强社会交往和积极参加组织活动、改善住房和提高收入确实有助于流动人口在流入地增强融入、减弱隔离,但基于流出地方向的土地预期收益、家庭困难及乡土依恋等主客观因素则增强了流动人口在流入地的主观隔离、削弱了主观融入;微观上近距离、长时段和家庭化迁移的流动人口主观融入程度较高,受教育程度的提高有助于流动人口削弱主观隔离,更好地融入流入地。研究认为应促进流动人口客观融合并使其与主观融合相匹配,改变以流动人口融入当前流入地实现市民化的单向思维,统筹考虑流入地与流出地的双向影响,将流动人口市民化工作重心由落户转向基本公共服务的无差别覆盖,实现流动人口从主观“愿意”到客观“能够”的社会融合。

关键词: 流动人口, 主观社会融合, 影响因素, 融入-隔离对比, 福厦泉城市群

Abstract:

Migrants' social integration into destination cities has been an important and long-standing topic in the field of migration research in China. So far most research has treated such social integration of migrants as a combined process of both subjective and objective social integration, with little efforts to single out the former and conduct multi-dimensional and in-depth investigation into it. Using data from a migrant survey of Fujian Province in 2017 and taking Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou Urban Cluster as a case study, this paper aims to fill this gap of research and examine the subjective social integration of migrants and its determinants by comparing their two-way process of assimilation and segregation in the destination cities. The results show that: (1) The overall level of migrants' subjective social integration is high, with the process of assimilation stronger than that of segregation. (2) Subjective social integration of migrants is jointly influenced by migrants' demographic characteristics, mobility patterns, social networks, and livelihood capitals, and related to the institutional arrangements and relevant policies. Equalization of basic public services plays a more important role in the subjective social integration of migrants than the Hukou system, contributing to the increase of their assimilation and the decrease of their segregation in the destination cities. Those migrants who have higher income and better housing conditions, more frequently contacts with local people and participation in local organizations and their activities do have higher degree of subjective social integration in destination cities. The effects of land, family difficulties and local attachments in the places of origin are more complicated than expected, demonstrating both negative effects on the assimilation process and positive effects on the segregation process at the same time. Short-distance migration and long-term settlement with more family members promote assimilation as well as reduce segregation. Based on the above findings, we suggest that more attention should be paid to promoting the objective social integration of migrants and coordinating its development with that of subjective social integration. Efforts should be made to change the one-way approach of promoting migrants' full citizenship in the destination cities, taking factors from both the origin and destination into account, and to shift the focus of promoting migrants' full citizenship from facilitating their urban settlement to the equalization of basic public services, so that migrants are not only willing but also able to integrate into the cities.

Key words: migrants, subjective social integration, determinants, two-way process of assimilation and segregation, Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou Urban Cluster

肖宝玉, 朱宇, 林李月. 基于融入-隔离双向对比的流动人口主观社会融合及其影响因素研究——以福厦泉城市群为例[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(12): 2796-2807.

XIAO Baoyu, ZHU Yu, LIN Liyue. Migrants' subjective social integration and its determinants as a result of the two-way process of assimilation and segregation: A case study of Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou Urban Cluster[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(12): 2796-2807.

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变量分类	具体变量	变量类型及赋值	均值	标准差
人口特征	性别	男=1,女=2	1.46	0.498
	年龄	30岁以下=1,30~49岁=2,50岁及以上=3	1.69	0.590
	受教育程度	未上过小学=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中=4,大学专科=5,大学本科=6,研究生=7	3.29	1.025
	婚姻状况	单身=1,在婚=2	1.81	0.393
流迁模式	流动范围	省际流动=1,省内跨市流动=2,市内跨县流动=3	1.50	0.654
	滞留年数	数值变量	5.20	5.422
	流动原因	经济原因=1,社会原因=2	1.10	0.298
	流入地家庭规模	数值变量	2.54	1.234
生计资本	流入地月收入对数	数值变量	8.30	0.515
	流入地住房类型	非正规场所=1,免费宿舍或廉租房=2,租住私房=3,自购自建房=4	2.77	0.576
	在流入地困难	无=1,不清楚^*=2,有=3	1.52	0.500
	家乡承包地	无=1,不清楚=2,有=3	2.05	0.934
	家乡宅基地	无=1,不清楚=2,有=3	2.70	0.673
	在家乡困难	无=1,不清楚=2,有=3	1.40	0.490
社会网络	业余主要交往对象	很少与人来往=1,同乡=2,其他外地人=3,本地人=4	2.24	0.912
	参加流入地社会组织数量	数值变量	0.98	1.104
	参加流入地社会活动频率	没有=1,偶尔=2,有时=3,经常=4	1.02	0.149
	未回老家年数	数值变量	0.38	1.289
制度政策	户口性质	农业=1,非农业=2	1.22	0.412
	个人社会保障卡	未办理=1,不清楚=2,已办理=3	2.53	0.827
	暂住证/居住证	未办理=1,不清楚=2,已办理=3	2.68	0.728
	居民健康档案	未办理=1,不清楚=2,已办理=3	2.08	0.947

指标	融入作用				隔离作用
	主体评价		客体感知	平均得分	主体评价		客体感知	平均得分
	对流入地评价	身份认同	流入地接纳	平均得分	对流出地风俗文化的遵守	对流出地行为习惯的保持	流入地歧视	平均得分
得分	82.09	66.98	78.33	75.80	64.67	48.17	48.06	53.63

变量分类	具体变量	融入作用	隔离作用
人口特征	性别	0.014	-0.001
	年龄	0.075^**	0.016
	受教育程度	0.064^**	-0.090^***
	婚姻状况	-0.054	0.006
流迁模式	流动范围	0.098^***	-0.046^*
	滞留年数	0.102^***	-0.054^*
	流动原因	-0.024	-0.025
	流入地家庭规模	0.070^**	-0.009
生计资本	流入地月收入对数	0.047^*	-0.014
	住房类型	0.093^***	-0.059^**
	在流入地困难	0.045^*	-0.032
	家乡承包地	0.053^*	-0.045^*
	家乡宅基地	-0.038^*	0.015
	在家乡困难	-0.070^**	0.024
社会网络	业余主要交往对象	0.034	-0.062^**
	参加流入地社会组织数量	0.130^***	-0.079^***
	参加流入地社会活动频率	0.039^*	0.003
	未回老家年数	-0.040^*	0.036
制度政策	户口性质	0.011	0.018
	个人社会保障卡	0.046^*	-0.056^**
	暂住证/居住证	0.057^**	-0.029
	居民健康档案	0.070^***	-0.030
常量		4.877	5.354
F检验值		17.523^***	7.296^***
调整R²		0.129	0.062

基于融入-隔离双向对比的流动人口主观社会融合及其影响因素研究——以福厦泉城市群为例

Migrants' subjective social integration and its determinants as a result of the two-way process of assimilation and segregation: A case study of Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou Urban Cluster

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