基于地理探测器的中国亚热带北界探讨

doi:10.11821/dlyj020191026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

暖温带与亚热带的分界线,是自然区划中一条重要的自然界线,它的划分问题曾引起诸多学科学者的争论。由于早期综合自然区划研究多以定性、专家集成方法为主,同时区划目的、使用指标等多有不同,导致不同学者所划分的自然区多存在一定的差异。本文基于空间分异性思想,使用地理探测器定量探测气候指标对中国亚热带北界的影响,选择其中q值较大的指标如日均温≥0℃天数、最冷月1月均温、年降水和湿润指数等作为主导因子并参考植被、土壤数据探讨亚热带北界界线的位置。结果表明：① 地理探测器法可以快速、准确地筛选自然区划的主要气候指标,并确定分界线的准确位置,提高了自然区划研究的技术水平和区划界线的客观性。② 使用地理探测器划分的新界线在研究区西部位于秦岭南坡1000~1600 m的位置,与以往界线相比略偏南;在研究区东部河南东部、安徽北部比以往界线略偏北。在保持自然要素完整性的同时,新界线具有更大的q值,表明新界线可以很好的反映暖温带与北亚热带2个区划带之间的差异,划分结果具有合理性。

关键词: 地理探测器, 亚热带, 暖温带, 区划, 地理分界线

Abstract:

The boundary between warm temperate and subtropical zones is an important natural boundary in physical regionalization; however there is controversy about the specific location of the boundary. Because the earlier physical regionalization was mainly based on qualitative methods with expert knowledge, and the regionalization objectives and the adopted indicators were different, scholars had differences in the divisions of physical regions. Based on the idea of spatial differentiation, this paper used geodetector to quantitatively examine the impact of climate indicators on the northern boundary of subtropical zone of China, selected the important indicators with a large q value as the dominant factor and refered to the vegetation and soil data to explore the location of the subtropical northern boundary. The results show that: (1) The geodetector method can quickly and accurately screen the main climate indicators of physical regionalization, decide the precise location of the boundary, which improves the technical level of physical regionalization research and the objectivity of physical regionalization. (2) The new boundary delimitated in this paper is located at the altitude of 1000-1600 m on the south slope of the Qinling Mountains in the western part of the study area, slightly south compared to the previous boundaries (it is consistent with that of Zheng Du and Xi Chengfan in the east of Shaanxi); and it is north compared to the previous boundaries (especially in the north of eastern Henan and northern Anhui) in the eastern part of the study area. While maintaining the integrity of natural elements, the new boundary has a larger q value, indicating that it can well reflect the difference between the warm temperate zone and the northern subtropical zone, and the division results are reasonable.

Key words: geodetector, subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, physical regionalization, geographical boundary

寇志翔, 姚永慧, 胡宇凡. 基于地理探测器的中国亚热带北界探讨[J]. 地理研究, 2020, 39(12): 2821-2832.

KOU Zhixiang, YAO Yonghui, HU Yufan. Delimitation of the northern boundary of the subtropical zone in China by geodetector[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2020, 39(12): 2821-2832.

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	区划方案	年均温 (℃)	最冷月 1月均温 (℃)	最热月 7月均温(℃)	年降水 (mm)	日均温 ≥10℃ 积温(℃)	日均温 ≥10℃ 天数(d)	日均温 ≥0℃ 积温(℃)	日均温 ≥0℃ 天数(d)	干燥度	湿润指数
研究区东部	罗开富方案	0.36	0.60	0.06	0.53	0.31	0.37	0.40	0.63	0.47	0.47
	黄秉维方案	0.30	0.55	0.04	0.56	0.29	0.31	0.34	0.58	0.46	0.49
	任美锷方案	0.34	0.57	0.06	0.58	0.32	0.34	0.38	0.60	0.46	0.51
	侯学煜方案	0.22	0.47	0.02	0.47	0.24	0.26	0.27	0.50	0.38	0.40
	席承藩方案	0.31	0.56	0.04	0.57	0.30	0.33	0.36	0.59	0.47	0.50
	赵松乔方案	0.32	0.56	0.04	0.56	0.30	0.33	0.36	0.60	0.47	0.49
	郑度方案	0.42	0.64	0.08	0.51	0.30	0.42	0.45	0.67	0.49	0.48
	平均值	0.32	0.56	0.05	0.54	0.29	0.34	0.36	0.60	0.46	0.48
研究区西部	罗开富方案	0.18	0.50	0.02	0.59	0.05	0.12	0.09	0.45	0.30	0.49
	黄秉维方案	0.13	0.46	0.00	0.62	0.01	0.07	0.04	0.39	0.32	0.54
	任美锷方案	0.15	0.46	0.01	0.60	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.41	0.30	0.53
	侯学煜方案	0.15	0.49	0.01	0.57	0.02	0.09	0.06	0.43	0.31	0.51
	席承藩方案	0.14	0.47	0.00	0.62	0.02	0.07	0.05	0.40	0.31	0.54
	赵松乔方案	0.14	0.47	0.00	0.62	0.02	0.07	0.05	0.40	0.31	0.53
	郑度方案	0.14	0.47	0.01	0.61	0.02	0.07	0.05	0.41	0.33	0.55
	平均值	0.15	0.47	0.01	0.60	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.41	0.31	0.53

研究区西部						研究区东部
年降水(mm)	q值	湿润指数	q值	最冷月1月均温(℃)	q值	日均温≥0℃ 天数(d)	q值	最冷月1月均温(℃)	q值	年降水(mm)	q值
500	0.24	-10	0.37	-5	0.57	290	0.30	-2	0.28	700	0.33
600	0.53	0	0.61	-4	0.66	300	0.50	-1	0.48	800	0.55
700	0.67	10	0.67	-3	0.70	310	0.65	0	0.64	900	0.67
800	0.66	20	0.63	-2	0.70	320	0.71	1	0.67	1000	0.66
900	0.57	30	0.52	-1	0.65	330	0.67	2	0.54	1100	0.55
1000	0.49	40	0.38	0	0.54	340	0.41	3	0.32	1200	0.44

	区划方案	年均温 (℃)	最冷月 1月均温(℃)	最热月 7月均温(℃)	年降水 (mm)	日均温≥ 10℃积温 (℃)	日均温≥ 10℃天数 (d)	日均温 ≥0℃积温 (℃)	日均温≥0℃天数(d)	干燥度	湿润指数
研究区东部	本文方案	0.45	0.66	0.09	0.46	0.29	0.44	0.45	0.68	0.50	0.46
	平均值	0.32	0.56	0.05	0.54	0.29	0.34	0.36	0.60	0.46	0.48
	最大值	0.42	0.64	0.08	0.58	0.32	0.42	0.45	0.67	0.49	0.51
	最小值	0.22	0.47	0.02	0.47	0.24	0.26	0.27	0.50	0.38	0.40
研究区西部	本文方案	0.18	0.48	0.02	0.60	0.06	0.12	0.10	0.44	0.31	0.51
	平均值	0.15	0.47	0.01	0.60	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.41	0.31	0.53
	最大值	0.18	0.50	0.02	0.62	0.05	0.12	0.09	0.45	0.33	0.55
	最小值	0.13	0.46	0.00	0.57	0.01	0.07	0.04	0.39	0.30	0.49