基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj201604009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

商业中心是城市零售活动的重要载体,优化商业资源在城市内部空间的合理配置,摸清不同零售经营形态的区位选择,显得尤为重要。以面向公众服务的商业机构兴趣点（POI）数据为研究对象,提出一种城市商业中心与零售业态集聚区识别的方法;以广州市为例,分析商业活动的热点地区以及零售业态集聚区的空间分布特征。研究表明：① 根据核密度估计法提取的商业中心在等级上表现出由城市中心圈层向外围圈层扩散的趋势,结果符合客观事实。② 以街区为单元,商业网点密度符合局域Getis-Ord G^*指数统计特征的热点区域主要分布在越秀区和天河区,广州市零售业发展的双核心空间格局已经形成。③ 不同的零售业态对商业集聚的区位选择具有显著差异性,百货商店、超市、便利店等零售经营形态的空间集聚特征与该业态的市场定位、经营模式及选址策略基本吻合。总体来看,基于POI数据的广州零售业集聚空间分析结果能够反映实体零售企业行为与广州商业经济分布的相关性,有助于提高政府部门商业规划和零售商选址前期研究的客观性和科学性。

关键词: POI数据, 商业中心识别, 零售业态, 集聚特征, 广州

Abstract:

It is important to get a clear understanding of rational allocation of commercial resources and spatial aggregating feature of retail formats in a metropolis. The use of big data for retailing agglomeration analysis has already became a new trend of commercial quantitative research, yet little attention has been given to the hotspots recognition of retail formats and their cluster characters so far. In this paper, an approach of urban retail center recognition based on POI (Point of Interest) data are proposed. With Guangzhou for a case study, we analyze the hotspots of retail activities and inner aggregating distribution of retail formats by using the method of KDE (Kernel Density Estimation) and Getis-Ord G^*. The results show that: (1) The commercial levels of retail centers which are extracted by KDE method have a strong correlation with the density distribution. The density values of retail centers are decreasing from urban center to the suburbs, which shows the trend of commercial grade within the city is diffusing from center to periphery. This result is in line with the objective facts. (2) The retailing hotspots are mainly distributed in Yuexiu and Tianhe districts, which proves that dual-core commercial space has taken shape in Guangzhou. (3) The spatial aggregating feature of retail formats (including department stores, shopping centers, supermarkets, convenience stores) are quiet different. Department stores and shopping centers are clustered around the retail centers. Supermarkets are mainly distributed in periphery of downtown area. And convenience stores are only centralized in hotspots in business locations. From the results of spatial analysis, the aggregating features of retail formats are consistent with retailers' operation and their location strategy. Overall, the results of retailing distribution analysis based on the POI data can explain part of the corporate behaviors difference and commercial economy distribution within urban areas. The study results of retailing activities are also conducive to the strategy-making process of both governments and retailers.

Key words: POI data, retailing hotspots recognition, retail formats, aggregating feature, Guangzhou

陈蔚珊, 柳林, 梁育填. 基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(4): 703-716.

Weishan CHEN, Lin LIU, Yutian LIANG. Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2016, 35(4): 703-716.

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行政区	总面积 (km²)	常住人口 (万人)	街道办事处或镇(个)	兴趣点(零售商业)数量(个)
行政区	总面积 (km²)	常住人口 (万人)	街道办事处或镇(个)	商场商厦	超市	便利店
越秀区	33.80	114.09	18	327	141	199
海珠区	90.40	158.34	18	410	316	383
荔湾区	59.10	88.92	22	238	108	149
天河区	96.33	148.43	21	442	360	339
白云区	795.79	226.57	18	459	1063	997
黄埔区	484.17	86.28	15	192	164	150
花都区	970.04	96.48	10	216	288	535
番禺区	529.94	144.86	16	575	392	734
南沙区	783.86	62.51	9	66	24	62
从化区	1974.5	61.02	8	69	67	94
增城区	1616.47	105.18	11	267	174	208

所属区域	行政区	辖区内核心商业中心所处地段	商业中心核密度均值	社会商品零售总额(2010年)(万元)	人口因子	交通因子	人文环境因子
所属区域	行政区	辖区内核心商业中心所处地段	商业中心核密度均值	社会商品零售总额(2010年)(万元)	人口密度 (人/km²)	与其它商业中心距离的总和(km)	距城市中心的距离(km)
中心城区	越秀区	北京路—中山五路	23.80	8370170	34239	422.4	0.8
	荔湾区	康王南路—上九路	21.87	4051063	15198	449.1	3.4
	白云区	三元里大道-机场路	19.69	5804727	2793	454.1	9.2
	天河区	天河路—体育西路	20.87	8402848	14870	409.4	6.6
	海珠区	江南大道	19.42	4806824	17242	433.7	5.7
外围城区	黄埔区	黄浦东路—大沙地	5.62	748178	5035	474.6	24.2
	番禺区	市桥—番禺广场	15.46	6284047	2245	593.7	33.6
	花都区	花都广场-建设路	12.51	2255370	974	608.6	36.9
	花都区	狮岭镇	12.60	2255370	974	758.5	50.6
	从化区	西宁路—新世纪广场	2.55	663177	301	891.1	74.3
	增城区	增城广场—挂绿广场	6.50	1674629	641	811.9	69.5
	增城区	新塘镇	10.01	1674629	641	612.5	43.6
	南沙区	今洲广场	2.02	452651	493	841	60.3

街区名称	所属行政区	Z值(G*)	P值	商圈所处地段	具有代表性的大型零售网点（商场商厦、超市）
北京街道	越秀区	4.27	0.000019	北京路—中山五路	五月花商业广场、新大新百货、大马站商业中心、北京路商业步行街（风尚广百、广百百货）、名盛广场（天河城百货）、光明广场、动漫星城
天河街道	天河区	4.25	0.000021	天河东路—体育西路	维多利广场、购书中心、广百百货、天河城购物中心（永旺超市、天河城百货）、正佳广场购物中心（友谊商店、正佳百货、百佳TASTE超市）、体育西路商业街、天河又一城、直通车商业广场、时尚天河商业广场
珠光街道	越秀区	3.01	0.002589	北京路	星汇广场、圣影汇广场、都汇168、潮楼商场
人民街道	越秀区	2.79	0.005229	长堤大马路	名盛广场（天河城百货）
诗书街道	越秀区	2.53	0.011279	一德路	泰福商场、明智商场、家多福超级商场、荷田商场
大塘街道	越秀区	2.40	0.016332	中山四路	华联购物中心、越秀城市广场、悦尚城
吕岗街道	海珠区	2.27	0.023003	江南大道—昌岗路	江南综合商场、蓝天商场、名店城、摩登百货、新安购物广场、海珠购物中心
大东街道	越秀区	2.01	0.044788	中山三路	中华广场、流行前线、金蒂濠商业城、地王广场、乾丰润体育户外商场