基于人地关系的旅游地理学理论透视与学术创新
作者简介:黄震方(1963- ),男, 江苏扬中人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事旅游地理与旅游规划研究。E-mail:zhfh@263.net
收稿日期: 2014-06-10
要求修回日期: 2014-10-09
网络出版日期: 2015-01-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41271149)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目
The theoretical perspective and academic innovation of tourism geography based on human-environment interactions
Received date: 2014-06-10
Request revised date: 2014-10-09
Online published: 2015-01-10
Copyright
针对旅游地理学理论研究比较薄弱和研究内容相对泛化的现状,提出将旅游人地关系作为旅游地理学研究的核心,阐述了旅游人地关系的理论内涵,认为旅游地理学是研究地球表层人类旅游活动与地理环境关系并服务于人类生活和社会经济发展的一门科学,其研究对象是“旅游地域系统”。基于人地关系的理论视角,按照旅游地理学理论体系化和科学化的发展要求,充分考虑旅游地理学旅游性、区域性、综合性和应用性的学科属性,初步构建了以旅游活动系统和地理环境系统为基础,以人地关系理论为核心,融合相关学科理论的旅游地理学理论框架。论文还梳理了旅游地理学的基本研究内容、主要科学问题和重要研究方法,强调应大力倡导地理学科学精神,改变低水平应用导向和过于偏重技术导向的研究现状,切实运用旅游地理学研究和解决国家与地方旅游发展中的重要现实问题,并在此基础上强化理论导向的思想型研究,将深刻揭示旅游人地关系地域系统的基本特征、功能结构、时空演化、基本规律、动力机制和调控途径作为旅游地理学研究的重点,通过学科特色创新、研究范式创新、理论成果创新、研究方法创新和应用价值创新,推动旅游地理学理论研究的深化、学术水平的提高和学科体系的完善,促进现代旅游地理学的本土化和中国旅游地理研究的国际化。
黄震方 , 黄睿 . 基于人地关系的旅游地理学理论透视与学术创新[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(1) : 15 -26 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201501002
:In view of the current situation that the theory study on tourism geography is relatively weak and the content relatively generalized, this paper proposes that tourism human-environment interactions should be the core of tourism geography study. It expounds the theoretical connotation of tourism human-environment interactions , and then by taking "tourism areal system" as the object of study, it defines that tourism geography is a science that studies the relationship between human tourism activities on earth surface and its geographical environment and serves man's life and social economic development. On the basis of theories related with human-environment interactions, in accordance with the requirement of developing tourism geography theory systematically and scientifically and fully considering the discipline features of tourism geography, i.e., tourism, regionality, comprehensiveness and applicability, the paper constructs the tourism geography theory framework by using tourism activity system and geographical environment system as baselines and human-environment interactions theory as the core, and by integrating theories of related disciplines. The paper also reviews the basic research content, main scientific issues and principal research methods of tourism geography, and emphasizes that the scientific spirit of geographic study should be highly promoted, and the unfavorable current research status of the low-level application orientation and the too much technique orientation should be changed. Thereby, tourism geography should be really applied to dealing with the national and regional practical tourism issues, and the theory-oriented ideological study should be intensified. Therefore, such points as the basic features, functional structure, spatial-temporal evolution, fundamental law, dynamic mechanism and regulation means, that profoundly reveal the criteria of the tourism human-environment areal system, should be the focuses of tourism geography study. On these grounds, by means of innovations in the scopes of discipline characteristics, research methods, theoretical results, research methods and application value, the paper deepens the theoretical study, advances the academic level, improves the discipline system of tourism geography and promotes the localization of modern tourism geography and the internationalization of China's tourism geographical study.
Fig. 1 Theoretical frame of human-environment interactions in tourism图1 旅游人地关系的理论构架 |
Fig. 2 Theoretical frame system of tourism geography图2 旅游地理学理论框架体系 |
Tab. 1 Methodological system of tourism geography research表1 旅游地理学研究方法体系 |
方法类型 | 方法概述 | 主要方法类别 | 具体方法 |
---|---|---|---|
定性/质性分析 | 研究者对旅游地理现象通过观察、体验和归纳分析而获得解释性理解的一种研究活动 | 访谈观察法 | 结构化访谈、半结构化访谈、非结构化访谈 |
资料收集法 | 文献查阅法、实地调查法、统计抽样法 | ||
归纳分析法 | 完全归纳、不完全归纳(简单枚举、科学归纳) | ||
推理演绎法 | 基本演绎法 | ||
数理统计与建模分析 | 以统计学原理为基础,借助数学语言建立可量化的模型,在计算机软件平台支撑下,分析处理(空间)数据,发现或支持理性研究结论 | 探索性数据分析 | 茎叶图、箱线图、Moran's I指数、General-G系数、Getis-Ord系数 |
经典统计分析法 | 相关分析、回归分析、聚类分析、主成分分析、因子分析、趋势面分析 | ||
模糊数学分析法 | 模糊聚类、模糊评判 | ||
尺度分析方法 | EMD模型、SSA模型、小波分析 | ||
投入产出分析法 | 投入产出模型 | ||
灰色系统方法 | 灰色关联、灰色预测、灰色决策 | ||
GIS空间分析 | 基于旅游地理对象的位置和形态特征的空间数据分析技术,侧重于空间数据的采集、分析、处理并可视化,揭示空间对象之间关系并发现规律的研究成果 | 拓扑分析 | 点线叠加、点面叠加、线面叠加、面面叠加 |
缓冲区分析 | 点、线、面要素的缓冲区分析 | ||
地图代数 | 栅格的局域运算、邻域运算、区域运算、全局运算 | ||
距离模型 | 重心分析、重力(引力)模型、扩散模型、场强模型、潜能模型 | ||
密度模型 | 点密度、线密度 | ||
网络分析 | 可达性分析、复杂网络统计量 | ||
地统计学 | 协方差函数、变差函数、空间插值模型 | ||
情景模拟与方案演绎分析 | 借助多学科和多技术支撑,揭示不同要素相互作用下旅游地理对象演化过程的动力机制,量化和佐证研究结论 | 复杂系统模拟法 | 元胞自动机模拟模型、智能体模拟模型、智能体优化模型 |
人工神经网络 | 径向基网络、自组织网络 | ||
微分方程模型 | 生态动力学模型、马尔可夫链模型、蒙特卡洛模拟模型、动力方程拟合模型、统计-动力建模模型 | ||
预测与优化调控分析 | 整合一系列模型与方法对旅游地理对象总体趋势、多种状态等的分析 | 目标规划分析法 | 线性规划、非线性规划 |
智能优化算法与全局优化模型 | 遗传算法、蚁群算法、禁忌搜索算法、模拟退火算法、粒子群算法 |
Fig. 3 Fundamental frame of tourism geography analysis model图3 旅游地理分析模型的基本框架 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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