基于游客视角的历史街区旅游发展模式影响机理及创新——以苏州平江路为例
作者简介:牛玉(1989- ),女,江苏徐州人,硕士,主要研究城市旅游。E-mail:niuyu1008@126.com
收稿日期: 2014-05-08
要求修回日期: 2014-10-15
网络出版日期: 2015-01-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41271134)
江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX_1280)
Influence mechanism and innovation of tourism development pattern of historic streets based on the perspective of tourists: A case of Pingjiang Road of Suzhou
Received date: 2014-05-08
Request revised date: 2014-10-15
Online published: 2015-01-10
Copyright
历史街区是重要的文化遗产保护对象,但原真文化僵化保护和过度商业化成为阻碍历史街区可持续发展的两大症结。构建了影响历史街区旅游发展模式支持度的结构方程假设模型,以苏州平江路为例实证研究历史街区旅游发展模式支持度影响因素,并提出历史街区旅游发展创新型模式。结果显示:①传统文化与现代文化共生、消费需求和景观及空间意象是影响历史街区旅游发展支持度的关键因素,业态分布及类型、街道布局及功能和历史信息传达是重要因素;②传统文化与现代文化共生对支持度影响程度最大,其次为消费需求;③构建了以传统与现代和谐共生的城市文化为基础,以满足游客体验和休闲需求为驱动力,以“创意化”、“人性化”、“精致化”和“生活化”为开发手段,形成凸显城市文化并体现现代休闲体验需求的集“文化化”、“体验化”、“休闲化”、“创意化”、“人性化”、“精致化”、“生活化”和“特色化”于一体的历史街区“八化”旅游发展创新型模式。
牛玉 , 汪德根 . 基于游客视角的历史街区旅游发展模式影响机理及创新——以苏州平江路为例[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(1) : 181 -196 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201501016
The historical streets are important protected objects of cultural heritage because of their complex intrinsic value, but rigid protection of original culture and excessive commercialization have become two obstructions of sustainable development of historical streets. Based on the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), this study builds a hypothesis structural equation model of the influence on the support of tourism development of historical streets. The study takes Pingjiang Road of Suzhou as the example and empirically studies the factors that influence the support of tourism development of historical streets by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then the study proposes a creative tourism development mode of historical streets, which aims to promote the sustainable development of historical streets. The results show that: (1) The coexistence of traditional culture and modern culture, the consumption demands as well as the landscape and space image are the key factors affecting the support of tourism development in historical streets. The layout and type of commercial format, street layout and function as well as expression of historical information are important factors affecting the support of tourism development in historical streets; (2) The coexistence of traditional culture and modern culture has the most significant influence on support, followed by consumption demands, showing that the integration of traditional and modern urban culture as well as the satisfaction of consumers' demands are the foundation of tourism development pattern; (3) The study builds a tourism development model with the foundation of urban culture integrated by traditional culture and modern culture, the driving force of the satisfaction of the tourists' experience and leisure needs, and the development tools of "creative", "humanization", "refinement" and "life-orientation". The model is a creative one which not only emphasizes urban culture, but also meets the leisure and experience demands of tourists in the modern society. Moreover, it merges "culturalization", "experience", "leisure", "creative", "humanization", "refinement", "life-orientation" and "characteristic".
Tab. 1 The results of factor analysis of tourism development patterns in historical districts表1 历史街区旅游发展模式支持度因子分析结果 |
维度与项目 | 因子载荷 | 特征值 | 贡献率 | 参考来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|
历史信息传达(ξ1) | 5.390 | 23.822 | ||
X1街区古建筑、古树、古井等保存完好,保留原始街巷形态 | 0.693 | [29-31] | ||
X2街区内民俗、艺术和手工艺等传统非物质文化保持原汁原味 | 0.704 | [32-34] | ||
X3游船观光等体验活动传统文化特色鲜明 | 0.711 | [35] | ||
X4感受到原住民依水而居的生活常态 | 0.733 | [36] | ||
X5古桥、码头等枢纽真实展现出街区社交场景 | 0.690 | [31] | ||
传统文化与现代文化共生(ξ2) | 3.609 | 4.949 | ||
X6街区包含种类多元的传统和现代文化 | 0.624 | [28,37] | ||
X7以博物馆、店铺、招牌、装饰、业态分布等手段体现街区文化 | 0.543 | [38] | ||
X8街区传统文化通过创意手段与现代文化融合 | 0.601 | [38] | ||
X9古建筑的活化再利用迎合现代文化消费需求 | 0.670 | [35,39] | ||
X10老字号和传统手工艺通过现代文化得以传承与发扬 | 0.654 | [39] | ||
X11街区能呈现出苏州传统与现代共存的城市文化特征 | 0.753 | [37] | ||
业态分布及类型(ξ3) | 3.305 | 7.048 | ||
X12河岸边分布了特色鲜明的滨水店铺 | 0.698 | [40] | ||
X13街区和小巷分布了独具当地特色的家庭式经营店铺 | 0.633 | [40] | ||
X14店铺和民居布局很融合 | 0.643 | [35,41] | ||
X15街区内店铺的规模类型大、中、小搭配合理 | 0.772 | [40] | ||
X16街区拥有服饰、工艺品、餐饮、书店等类型多样的店铺 | 0.572 | [38,41] | ||
X17多样化的店铺类型有利于延长游览时间 | 0.550 | |||
消费需求(ξ4) | 2.749 | 6.741 | ||
X18街区酒吧、书店、茶室、游船、摄影等能满足休闲体验需求 | 0.651 | [17,35] | ||
X19店铺屋檐下、沿墙边等空间能提供聊天、喝茶等休闲消费 | 0.618 | [33] | ||
X20感受到小资、浪漫、温馨、精致的消费氛围 | 0.680 | [17,21] | ||
X21感受和理解街区生活化的文化和艺术 | 0.664 | [17,41] | ||
X22观赏到优美独特的江南水乡美景 | 0.611 | |||
X23感觉精神解脱,暂时忘记日常压力和烦恼 | 0.523 | [42] | ||
街道布局及功能(ξ5) | 2.629 | 19.254 | ||
X24沿街门面样式风格多样 | 0.677 | [42] | ||
X25桥梁及街道交叉处为游客提供观景、购物、餐饮、休闲等便利 | 0.600 | [43] | ||
X26沿河沿街合理布置游憩设施,适合游客休闲赏景 | 0.665 | [40] | ||
X27店铺数量合理且所售商品质量好 | 0.652 | [18,38,41] | ||
X28街区内店铺的档次高、中、低比例合理 | 0.794 | [41] | ||
景观及空间意象(ξ6) | 1.930 | 8.475 | ||
X29多元化的街、水、建筑有机组合展示出优美景观 | 0.646 | [29,43] | ||
X30在街区游览时视野范围适宜,观景效果好 | 0.520 | [42,44] | ||
X31街巷布局展示出苏州“小桥·流水·人家”的意境 | 0.714 | [28] | ||
X32街巷风貌能体现出当地人“儒雅、婉约、柔美”的性格和品质 | 0.680 | [42] | ||
X33街巷具有浓厚的历史、休闲、创意等文化意境 | 0.665 | [41] | ||
X34街巷具备了边用餐边赏景的优雅和舒适意境 | 0.623 | [40] |
Fig. 1 Support hypothesis model of tourism development pattern of historical districts图1 历史街区旅游发展模式支持度假设模型 |
Tab. 2 The test results of hypothesis model reliability表2 假设模型信度检验结果 |
基本维度 | 克朗巴哈值(Cronbach' Alpha) | 平均变异抽取量(AVE) | 组合信度(CR) |
---|---|---|---|
历史信息传达(ξ1) | 0.77 | 0.55 | 0.83 |
传统文化与现代文化共生(ξ2) | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.81 |
业态分布及类型(ξ3) | 0.76 | 0.49 | 0.80 |
消费需求(ξ4) | 0.74 | 0.45 | 0.77 |
街道布局及功能(ξ5) | 0.71 | 0.51 | 0.81 |
景观及空间意象(ξ6) | 0.78 | 0.47 | 0.81 |
支持度(η1) | 0.76 | 0.58 | 0.81 |
Fig. 2 Parameter estimation of the model图2 模型参数估计 |
Tab. 3 Fit test of support model for tourism development patterns in historical districts表3 历史街区旅游发展模式支持度模型拟合度检验 |
拟合指数 | 绝对拟合指数 | 增值拟合指数 | 精简拟合指数 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2/df | GFI | RMSEA | AGFI | NFI | CFI | IFI | NNFI | AIC | CAIC | |||
理想值 | 1~3 | >0.9 | <0.1 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | 越小越好 | 越小越好 | ||
模型M1 | 3.101 | 0.879 | 0.072 | 0.835 | 0.741 | 0.830 | 0.835 | 0.803 | 1577.427 | 1739.144 | ||
模型M2 | 2.023 | 0.906 | 0.038 | 0.885 | 0.830 | 0.934 | 0.938 | 0.912 | 935.909 | 1120.233 |
Fig. 3 Influence mechanism of tourism development supportpatterns of historical districts图3 历史街区旅游发展模式支持度影响机理 |
Fig. 4 Creative tourism development mode of fusion of urban culture and consumer demand in historical districts图4 城市文化与消费需求融合的历史街区旅游发展创新型模式 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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