文化旅游地空间生产背景下居民社会空间感知模型与实证研究——基于对周庄古镇的调查
作者简介:郭文(1978- ),男,山西汾西人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为旅游空间生产、社会文化地理和旅游地理。E-mail: guowen@mail.zjgsu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2014-08-18
要求修回日期: 2014-12-23
网络出版日期: 2015-04-10
基金资助
国家社会科学基金项目(13CGL076)
国家自然科学基金项目(41271149)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(11YJCZH047)
江苏省高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师培养计划基金项目
浙江工商大学高层次人才启动基金项目(1040XJ2314008)
A structural equation model for the empirical study of resident perception of social space in the context of space production at cultural tourist destination:Based on a survey of Ancient Town of Zhouzhuan
Received date: 2014-08-18
Request revised date: 2014-12-23
Online published: 2015-04-10
Copyright
在田野调查基础上,采用SPSS 18.0和AMOS 17.0数据统计软件对周庄文化旅游地空间生产背景下的居民社会空间感知进行了统计和处理,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,对居民社会空间感知模型以及不同职业和类型居民感知差异进行了测度研究,结果显示:① 周庄居民社会空间感知总体上存在由利益关联、价值效能和情感眷恋组成的三维结构。② 在感知次序上,呈现“利益关联→价值效能→情感眷恋”递减分异规律,本质上反映了深层结构是一种经济表层→社会感知→心理感知从外而内的感知规律。居民并未因具有参与旅游开发的机会权能而表现出对旅游开发的全面认同,在社会认同感知和心理认同感知层面还未得到深入,反映的居民社会空间感知是一个充满矛盾的感知结构。③ 不同职业和类型居民因参与旅游内容或程度不同对三维结构同样存在依次递减的分异规律,且每类群体间存在差异状态。研究认为,高质量的社会空间感知具有认知结构的全面性,居民社会空间感知结构的不平衡性对增进旅游空间生产的社会凝聚力提出新的诉求,提高居民空间参与程度和感知需要从有限参与→发展参与→充分参与的路径逐步改善。研究对周庄古镇旅游理性发展和可持续发展具有一定启发。
郭文 , 黄震方 , 王丽 . 文化旅游地空间生产背景下居民社会空间感知模型与实证研究——基于对周庄古镇的调查[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(4) : 762 -774 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201504014
Based on the field research, the statistics for resident perception of social space are processed with SPSS18.0 and AMOS17.0 in the context of space production at the cultural tourism destination, Ancient Town of Zhouzhuang. And the measurement research on residents' social space perception model as well as perception differences between and among different types of residents with different occupations is undertaken by means of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis as well. The study arrives at the following results: Firstly, the analysis of subjects shows that there exists a three-dimension structure in the resident perception of social space, that is, Interest Connection, Value Efficiency and Emotion Attachment; Secondly, the phenomenon of decreased differentiation in perception level is discovered, specifically, from the Interest Connection to the Value Efficiency, and then down to Emotion Attachment; In essence, it reflects the perception rule, a kind of deep structure from the outside layer of economy to social perception, and then to the core of psychological perception. The tested residents do not show overall recognition on tourism development even though they are endowed the chance power of participating in the tourism development on the one hand, on the other hand, the fact that the social identity perception and the psychological identity perception have not been deepened yet presents a contradictory structure in the resident social space perception; Thirdly, successively decreased differentiation is also found in the above-mentioned three-dimension structure for different types of residents with different occupations due to the difference in the content or degree of tourism participation. What's more, difference between each type of group is found. The study comes to the following conclusion: Highly-qualified social space perception assumes comprehensiveness in cognition structure; the imbalance in the resident perception structure of social space triggers new demands upon promoting the social cohesion concerning the production of tourism space; To further advance the resident space participation degree as well as perception, the step-by-step efforts shall be made through the following path, that is, from limited participation to developmental participation and then to a full one. The modest study is hoped to be of any significance for the rational and sustainable tourism development of the Ancient Town of Zhouzhuang.
Tab. 1 The demographic characteristics表1 人口统计特征 |
项目 | 类别 | 频数 | 有效百分比(%) | 项目 | 类别 | 频数 | 有效百分比(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 170 | 51.52 | 家庭结构 | 未婚 | 24 | 7.27 |
女 | 160 | 48.48 | 已婚,无小孩 | 70 | 21.21 | ||
年龄 | ≤18 | 16 | 4.85 | 已婚,有小孩 | 230 | 69.70 | |
19~39 | 85 | 25.76 | 其他 | 6 | 1.82 | ||
40~49 | 120 | 36.36 | 月收入 | 1000元及以下 | 16 | 4.85 | |
50~59 | 89 | 26.97 | 1001~2000元 | 40 | 12.12 | ||
≥60 | 20 | 6.06 | 2001~3000元 | 64 | 19.39 | ||
学历 | 初中及以下 | 190 | 57.57 | 3001~4000元 | 102 | 30.91 | |
高中 | 70 | 21.21 | 4001~5000元 | 80 | 24.24 | ||
大专 | 36 | 10.91 | 5001~8000元 | 25 | 7.58 | ||
本科 | 35 | 10.61 | 8000元以上 | 3 | 0.91 |
Tab. 2 The results of reliability statistics and KMO & Bartlett's test表2 样本数据的可靠性统计量与效度检验 |
可靠性统计量 | KMO和Bartlett的检验 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cronbach's α | 基于标准化项的Cronbach's α | 题项 | 取样足够度的KMO度量 | Bartlett的球形度检验 | ||
近似卡方 | df | Sig. | ||||
0.888 | 0.892 | 20 | 0.845 | 1326.965 | 190 | .000 |
Fig. 1 Estimated measurement model of perceived value dismension图1 感知价值一阶验证模型 |
Tab. 3 The contrasts between exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis表3 探索性因子分析(EFA)与验证性因子分析(CFA)结果 |
测量变量 | EFA因素载荷 | CFA因素载荷 | 提取公共因子 | 特征根与旋转后方差载入/% | Cronbach's α | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 0.872 | 0.98 | F1利益关联 | 7.091/25.670 | 0.907 | 0.895 | 0.60 |
X2 | 0.862 | 0.96 | |||||
X3 | 0.803 | 0.72 | |||||
X4 | 0.801 | 0.69 | |||||
X5 | 0.734 | 0.59 | |||||
X6 | 0.666 | 0.60 | |||||
X7 | 0.941 | 0.96 | F2价值效能 | 2.745/24.356 | 0.916 | 0.916 | 0.653 |
X8 | 0.920 | 0.95 | |||||
X9 | 0.902 | 0.92 | |||||
X10 | 0.678 | 0.67 | |||||
X11 | 0.673 | 0.69 | |||||
X12 | 0.574 | 0.57 | |||||
X13 | 0.897 | 0.95 | F3情感眷恋 | 1.995/19.581 | 0.859 | 0.863 | 0.566 |
X14 | 0.838 | 0.84 | |||||
X15 | 0.772 | 0.65 | |||||
X16 | 0.713 | 0.67 | |||||
X17 | 0.710 | 0.59 |
Tab. 4 The relative importance ratio of index表4 相对重要性比值标度 |
标度 | 标度 | 标度 | 含义 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 具有相同重要性 | 2、4、6、8 | 表示上述相邻判断中间值 |
3 | 前者比后者稍重要 | ||
5 | 前者比后者明显重要 | 倒数 | 若因素xi与xj的重要性之比为bij,因素xj与xi的重要性之比则为bji=1/bij |
7 | 前者比后者强烈重要 | ||
9 | 前者比后者极端重要 |
Tab. 5 The tble for average random consistency index RI value表5 平均随机一致性指标RI值表 |
n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | … |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.9 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 | … |
Tab. 6 Weight and means of basic tested variables表6 测量指标重要性及均值 |
测量变量 | 均值 | 重要性 | 一致性 | 社会空间感知维度 | 社会空间感知总值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 3.27 | 0.1834 | F1利益关联 | 3.979 | |
X2 | 3.27 | 0.1657 | |||
X3 | 3.12 | 0.1957 | |||
X4 | 3.50 | 0.2368 | |||
X5 | 3.66 | 0.1738 | |||
X6 | 3.34 | 0.2281 | |||
X7 | 3.31 | 0.2494 | F2价值效能 | 3.370 | |
X8 | 3.26 | 0.1155 | |||
X9 | 3.27 | 0.0624 | |||
X10 | 3.37 | 0.2365 | |||
X11 | 3.27 | 0.1282 | |||
X12 | 3.43 | 0.2179 | |||
X13 | 2.91 | 0.2577 | F3情感眷恋 | 3.217 | |
X14 | 3.86 | 0.2361 | |||
X15 | 3.76 | 0.1917 | |||
X16 | 2.06 | 0.1311 | |||
X17 | 3.08 | 0.1834 |
Fig. 2 Social perception of residents with different occupations and types图2 不同职业和类型居民社会感知情况 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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