泛亚高铁建设对中国西南边疆地区与中南半岛空间联系的影响
作者简介:马颖忆(1988- ),女,江苏泗洪人,博士,研究方向为区域空间结构、城市规划与人口发展。E-mail:myy_081024@163.com
收稿日期: 2014-12-06
要求修回日期: 2015-03-17
网络出版日期: 2015-06-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430635)
The influence of Pan-Asia High-speed Railway construction on spatial relation between Southwest China′s frontier area and Indo-China Peninsula
Received date: 2014-12-06
Request revised date: 2015-03-17
Online published: 2015-06-12
Copyright
泛亚高铁建设是中国“走出去”战略的重要手段,能够助推中国与中南半岛及东南亚地区的跨境合作。从可达性变化和空间格局演变两方面,探讨了泛亚高铁建设对中国西南(陆域)边疆地区与中南半岛空间联系的影响。结果表明:高铁建设带来可达性在全局和局域层面显著的时空收敛,同时也在一定程度上降低了区域内部的相对差异情况,使各区域享受交通的便捷程度更趋均衡;对区内国土面积、人口与GDP等的服务水平提升并呈现国别分异的层次结构特征;凸显高铁过境市州尤其是昆明的区位优势,以及高铁中线建设对区域一体化的推动作用;强化了中国西南边疆尤其是过境市州与中南半岛的空间联系强度,并形成昆明(曲靖)—曼谷,昆明(曲靖)—河内围合的“^”型主导联系格局。
马颖忆 , 陆玉麒 , 柯文前 , 陈博文 . 泛亚高铁建设对中国西南边疆地区与中南半岛空间联系的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(5) : 825 -837 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201505003
As an important part of China′s "Going Global" strategy, the construction of "Pan-Asia High-speed Railways" can enhance cross-border cooperation not only between China and Indo-China Peninsula, but also between China and Southeast Asia. Based on aspects of accessibility changes and spatial pattern evolution, this paper explores the influence on spatial relation between border areas of Southwest China and Indo-China Peninsula, which has been brought up by the construction of Pan-Asia High-speed Railways. The results indicate that the construction of Pan-Asia High-speed Railways has generated time-space astringency effect of accessibility both on global and local levels, reduces relative disparity inside the study area to a certain extent, and brings more balance on the degree of transportation convenience along the trunk railways in the study area. It promotes the enhancement of population and GDP service level in the whole region as well, and will lead to a variability from country to country.Relatively speaking, countries with a large population or great economic powers in the research area can have easy access to to the high-speed railways. What′s more, the construction of Pan-Asia High-speed Railways can not only highlight the location advantages of the cities and autonomous prefectures along the railway line, like Kunming city, but also promote regional integration along the mid-route of the line. As a traffic point of connection, Kunming connects China′s western border area and Indo-China Peninsula, links China′s interior heartland and Southeast Asia and even takes up the position as a bridgehead of China′s opening up to the Southeast Asia. Pan-Asia High-speed Railways even strengthen the intensity of spatial relation between the cities and autonomous prefectures in the border area of Southwest China and countries or capital cities in Indo-China Peninsula, especially the ones along the high-speed railways, and it shapes a "^" style pattern of spatial relation, which is an enclosure of Kunming (Qujing)-Bangkok and Kunming (Qujing)-Hanoi. In the end, some targeted suggestions for policy making are provided based on the main research conclusions.
Fig. 1 Subjects in the study and route map of proposed Pan-Asia High-speed Railways图1 拟建泛亚高铁路线示意图 |
Fig. 2 Current traffic network in the study area (2012)图2 2012年研究区交通路网现状 |
Tab. 1 Average annual growth of GDP and population in the study area in 2012表1 2012年研究区GDP和人口平均增长情况(%) |
省(区)和国家 | 云南 | 广西 | 缅甸 | 泰国 | 老挝 | 柬埔寨 | 越南 | 马来西亚 | 新加坡 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GDP平均增长率 | 13 | 11.8 | 6.7 | 7.67 | 8.2 | 7.31 | 5.25 | 5.64 | 2.5 |
人口平均增长率 | 0.6 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.31 | 1.89 | 1.76 | 1.06 | 1.66 | 2.45 |
注:数据来源于2013年《云南统计年鉴》和《广西统计年鉴》以及世界银行数据库。 |
Tab. 2 Speed of different types of traffic network in the study area表2 研究区不同类型交通路网速度 |
道路等级 | 国内 | 国外 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高铁 | 普通铁路 | 高速 | 国道 | 省道 | 高铁 | 普通铁路 | 高速 | 主要公路 | 其他 | ||
速度(km/h) | 300 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 80 | 200 | 80 | 120 | 100 | 10 | |
时间成本(s) | 12 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 45 | 18 | 45 | 30 | 36 | 360 |
Fig. 3 Changes of regional average accessibility by Pan-Asia high-speed railways′ construction图3 泛亚高铁建设前后区域平均可达性变化 |
Tab. 3 Changes of countries′ accessibility by Pan-Asia High-speed Railways′ construction (h)表3 泛亚高铁建设前后各国可达性变化(h) |
国别 | 修建前 | 修建后 | 国别 | 修建前 | 修建后 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
中国西南边疆 | 12.88 | 8.91 | 柬埔寨 | 32.87 | 17.98 |
老挝 | 23.51 | 13.77 | 缅甸 | 23.83 | 14.74 |
越南 | 25.65 | 13.54 | 马来西亚 | 41.99 | 21.34 |
泰国 | 27.16 | 15.99 | 新加坡 | 44.04 | 21.49 |
Fig. 4 Changes of city and autonomous prefecture nodes′ accessibility by Pan-Asia High-speed Railways′ construction图4 泛亚高铁建设前后各市州节点可达性变化 |
Fig. 5 Regional service level of Pan-Asia High-speed Railways图5 泛亚高铁的区域服务水平 |
Tab. 4 Pan-Asia High-speed Railways′ scope of time accessible region covering social and economic properties表4 泛亚高铁时间可达范围覆盖的社会经济属性 |
地名 | 1 h服务范围 | 2 h服务范围 | 3 h服务范围 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积(104km2) | 人口 (104人) | GDP (108美元) | 面积 (104km2) | 人口 (104人) | GDP (108美元) | 面积 (104km2) | 人口 (104人) | GDP (108美元) | |||
研究区 | 28.73 | 3605.03 | 2564.00 | 61.41 | 7707.02 | 5481.46 | 96.93 | 12163.91 | 8651.32 | ||
西南边疆 | 7.44 | 1200.74 | 1072.29 | 16.27 | 2623.65 | 2342.97 | 25.44 | 4103.9 | 3664.86 | ||
老挝 | 1.17 | 33.95 | 7.75 | 2.84 | 82.77 | 18.91 | 5.07 | 147.44 | 33.68 | ||
越南 | 5.69 | 1407.05 | 341.82 | 11.92 | 2946.84 | 715.88 | 17.81 | 4402.47 | 1069.50 | ||
泰国 | 5.57 | 605.06 | 584.20 | 11.88 | 1289.24 | 1244.80 | 18.74 | 2034.46 | 1964.33 | ||
柬埔寨 | 1.50 | 111.70 | 16.15 | 3.07 | 228.02 | 32.97 | 4.93 | 366.01 | 52.93 | ||
缅甸 | 4.23 | 321.57 | 47.16 | 9.08 | 689.27 | 101.07 | 15.52 | 1178.99 | 172.89 | ||
马来西亚 | 2.98 | 499.13 | 707.97 | 6.15 | 1028.15 | 1458.33 | 9.20 | 1539.06 | 2183.00 | ||
新加坡 | 0.16 | 244.21 | 1324.05 | 0.29 | 442.88 | 2401.24 | 0.39 | 591.47 | 3206.86 |
Tab. 5 Changes of the shortest travel time from significant city and autonomous prefecture nodes of Southwest China′s frontier area to capital cities of countries in Indo-China Peninsula (h)表5 西南边疆重要节点市州到中南半岛各国首都的最短出行时间变化(h) |
市州 | 首都 | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
万象 | 河内 | 曼谷 | 金边 | 内比都 | 吉隆坡 | 新加坡 | ||||||||||||||
建前 | 建后 | 建前 | 建后 | 建前 | 建后 | 建前 | 建后 | 建前 | 建后 | 建前 | 建后 | 建前 | 建后 | |||||||
昆明 | 23.63 | 4.36 | 8.93 | 3.12 | 20.35 | 7.62 | 29.47 | 10.93 | 15.92 | 5.35 | 39.22 | 15.97 | 42.82 | 17.98 | ||||||
南宁 | 26.00 | 10.98 | 3.91 | 3.85 | 26.23 | 14.24 | 32.29 | 13.65 | 23.35 | 12.27 | 45.09 | 22.59 | 48.70 | 24.61 | ||||||
柳州 | 28.30 | 13.02 | 6.15 | 6.05 | 28.28 | 16.33 | 34.42 | 15.84 | 25.37 | 14.35 | 47.08 | 24.67 | 50.75 | 26.69 | ||||||
桂林 | 29.53 | 14.25 | 7.37 | 7.28 | 29.50 | 17.55 | 35.65 | 17.06 | 26.60 | 15.58 | 48.31 | 25.90 | 51.97 | 27.91 | ||||||
曲靖 | 24.83 | 5.49 | 9.00 | 4.31 | 21.42 | 8.79 | 30.50 | 12.11 | 17.09 | 6.51 | 40.22 | 17.14 | 43.89 | 19.15 | ||||||
德宏 | 26.43 | 6.25 | 13.97 | 5.08 | 23.03 | 8.36 | 32.11 | 11.67 | 10.90 | 3.36 | 41.83 | 16.70 | 45.49 | 18.71 | ||||||
版纳 | 19.69 | 2.66 | 11.49 | 4.45 | 16.28 | 5.97 | 25.36 | 9.28 | 17.88 | 6.95 | 35.08 | 14.31 | 38.75 | 16.33 | ||||||
红河 | 23.79 | 4.77 | 7.71 | 2.34 | 20.38 | 8.07 | 29.46 | 11.39 | 17.89 | 6.09 | 39.18 | 16.42 | 42.85 | 18.43 | ||||||
防城港 | 25.93 | 10.74 | 3.78 | 3.68 | 26.69 | 14.05 | 32.05 | 13.47 | 24.45 | 12.07 | 45.49 | 22.39 | 49.15 | 24.41 | ||||||
崇左 | 25.70 | 10.51 | 3.55 | 3.45 | 26.46 | 13.82 | 31.83 | 13.24 | 23.65 | 11.84 | 45.26 | 22.16 | 48.93 | 24.18 | ||||||
百色 | 27.18 | 8.99 | 5.02 | 4.92 | 24.24 | 12.29 | 33.30 | 14.71 | 21.33 | 10.32 | 43.05 | 20.64 | 46.71 | 22.65 | ||||||
大理 | 25.26 | 5.37 | 11.56 | 4.19 | 21.85 | 8.67 | 30.93 | 11.99 | 13.33 | 4.24 | 40.65 | 17.02 | 44.31 | 19.03 | ||||||
保山 | 25.52 | 5.85 | 12.91 | 4.67 | 22.12 | 8.76 | 31.20 | 12.07 | 12.07 | 3.77 | 40.92 | 17.10 | 44.58 | 19.11 | ||||||
玉溪 | 23.23 | 4.37 | 8.77 | 2.80 | 19.82 | 7.68 | 28.91 | 10.99 | 16.55 | 5.63 | 38.63 | 16.02 | 42.29 | 18.04 |
Fig. 6 Changes of hour-circles′ influence area of capital cities of Southwest China′s frontier area and countries in Indo-China Peninsula by Pan-Asia High-speed Railways′ construction图6 泛亚高铁建成前后西南边疆省会城市与中南半岛各国首都的等时圈影响范围变化 a. 建设前等时圈 b. 建设后等时圈 |
Fig. 7 Changes of total international spatial relation of cities and autonomous prefectures of Southwest China′s frontier area by Pan-Asia High-speed Railways′ construction图7 泛亚高铁建设前后西南边疆市州国际联系总量变化 |
Fig. 8 Changes of characteristics of spatial relation of cities and autonomous prefectures of Southwest China′s frontier area by Pan-Asia High-speed Railways′ construction图8 泛亚高铁修建前后西南边疆市州国际联系空间特征变化 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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