中国城市流动人口位序规模分布研究
作者简介:戚伟(1989- ),男,江苏泰州人,博士研究生,研究方向为城市地理与人口集疏。E-mail: cc7v@163.com
收稿日期: 2015-03-29
要求修回日期: 2015-08-13
网络出版日期: 2015-10-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(71433008)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(13&ZD027)
国家自然科学基金项目(41271174)
Research on the rank-size distribution rule of China's urban floating population
Received date: 2015-03-29
Request revised date: 2015-08-13
Online published: 2015-10-15
Copyright
改革开放以来,中国涌现出大规模的“乡—城”流动人口,深刻改变着中国的城市规模体系结构,不同规模城市间的人口集疏表现为显著的不均衡特征。根据1990年、2000年、2010年三期人口普查数据,构建中国城市人口及其流动人口的空间数据库。借鉴城市位序规模理论,提出城市流动人口服从类似规律的假设,探究城市流动人口位序规模分布服从的数学规律,进行斜率等关键参数的测算和无标度区的识别,并根据城市人口位序规模分布与城市流动人口位序规模分布耦合关系,将城市划分为吸纳流动人口绝对超前型、相对超前型、相对滞后型、绝对滞后型等4种类型。研究表明:① 中国城市流动人口位序规模分布符合幂函数,且向高位序城市集聚的特征显著,集聚力量大于分散力量,这种极化特征不断提高。② 中国大多数城市属于绝对滞后型,其流动人口规模仍未达到其理论值,具有较大的提升空间与潜力。③ 特大和大城市的流动人口位序规模大多超前,其流动人口集聚能力持续提升,目前大多已相对超载;而中小城市的位序规模大多滞后,其流动人口集聚能力一直较弱,目前大多相对规模不足,提升潜力与空间极大。④ 城市在经济水平、公共服务水平等引力上差异、流动人口自身的地域认识和定居意愿等均是影响中国城市流动人口位序规模分布的重要因素。
戚伟 , 刘盛和 . 中国城市流动人口位序规模分布研究[J]. 地理研究, 2015 , 34(10) : 1981 -1993 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201510015
Since the reform and opening up, the migration of floating population from rural to urban area, which rebuilds China's urban size system, is being mirrored in China. And there was a large gap of floating population among cities of different sizes. According to census data in 1990, 2000 and 2010, this paper builds up the spatial database of urban floating population and total population. Referring to the theory and the parameters meaning of urban total population rank-size rule, this paper puts forward an assumption that it is similar to explore mathematic rule of urban floating population rank-size distribution by calculating the parameters and identifying the fractal scaling region. According the coupling relationship between rank-size distributions of urban floating population and total population, this paper divided cities into four coupling types in terms of absorbing floating population, which are absolutely advanced type, relatively advanced type, absolutely lagging type and relatively lagging type. Some interesting findings are listed as follows. (1) China's urban floating population rank-size distribution was also submitted to typical power function rule, with a high-rank oriented aggregation feature. What's more, agglomeration power was stronger than dispersive power which improves the degree of aggregation. (2) Among the four types, the majority of cities have always been belonged to the absolutely lagging type, which means that the majority of Chinese cities still have rather large potential for absorbing more floating population. (3) The cities of different sizes located in southeastern coastal urban agglomeration and capital cities in central and western China were usually characterized as the absolutely advanced type or the relatively advanced type. These cities should focus on making floating population into local residents. While those cities with middle & small sizes located in northern China's coastal areas, central China, western China and Northeast China were usually characterized as the absolutely lagging type or the relatively lagging type. These cities should enhance the ability of absorbing floating population. (4) There were various factors affecting China's urban floating population rank-size distribution, including the gap of urban economy, the level of public service, the personal geographical cognition and settlement intention of floating population. Hopefully, this paper can promote the researches on urban migration and assist decision-making of urbanization policies in China.
Fig. 1 Two coupling situations of rank-size curves of urban floating population and total population图1 城市流动人口及总人口位序规模分布曲线耦合关系的两种情况 |
Tab. 1 The R2 values of different modeling curves for urban floating population rank-size distribution表1 不同曲线对城市流动人口位序规模分布拟合的R2值 |
曲线拟合方法 | 城市流动人口位序规模散点拟合的R2值 | ||
---|---|---|---|
1990年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | |
幂 | 0.892 | 0.936 | 0.890 |
线性 | 0.377 | 0.116 | 0.172 |
对数 | 0.809 | 0.425 | 0.552 |
倒数 | 0.645 | 0.904 | 0.821 |
二次 | 0.588 | 0.228 | 0.328 |
三次 | 0.738 | 0.333 | 0.463 |
Fig. 1 The double logarithm curves of rank-size distributions of urban floating population and total population图2 历年城市流动人口及其总人口位序规模分布的双对数曲线 |
Tab. 2 The number and proportion of cities of different coupling types表2 不同耦合类型的城市数量及比重 |
年份 | 城市总数(个) | 绝对超前型城市 | 相对超前型城市 | 相对滞后型城市 | 绝对滞后型城市 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量(个) | 比重(%) | 数量(个) | 比重(%) | 数量(个) | 比重(%) | 数量(个) | 比重(%) | |||||
1990年 | 467 | 199 | 42.61 | 7 | 1.50 | 56 | 11.99 | 205 | 43.90 | |||
2000年 | 663 | 143 | 21.57 | 12 | 1.81 | 205 | 30.92 | 303 | 45.70 | |||
2010年 | 656 | 130 | 19.82 | 14 | 2.13 | 223 | 33.99 | 289 | 44.05 |
Tab. 3 The number and proportion of cities of different scales and coupling types表3 不同规模等级不同耦合类型的城市数量及比重 |
年份 | 城市规模等级 | 分级标准 (城市人口) (万人) | 城市总数(个) | 绝对超前型城市 | 相对超前型城市 | 相对滞后型城市 | 绝对滞后型城市 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量(个) | 占同级个数比重(%) | 数量(个) | 占同级个数比重(%) | 数量(个) | 占同级个数比重(%) | 数量(个) | 占同级个数比重(%) | |||||||
1990年 | 规模Ⅰ级 | >312 | 7 | 3 | 43 | 2 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 29 | |||
规模Ⅱ级 | 132~312 | 38 | 13 | 34 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 53 | ||||
规模Ⅲ级 | 64~132 | 151 | 32 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 109 | 72 | ||||
规模Ⅳ级 | <64 | 271 | 151 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 17 | 74 | 27 | ||||
2000年 | 规模Ⅰ级 | >530 | 9 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 33 | |||
规模Ⅱ级 | 213~530 | 17 | 6 | 35 | 6 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 29 | ||||
规模Ⅲ级 | 92~213 | 150 | 31 | 21 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 110 | 73 | ||||
规模Ⅳ级 | <92 | 487 | 103 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 199 | 41 | 185 | 38 | ||||
2010年 | 规模Ⅰ级 | >822 | 8 | 4 | 50 | 3 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | |||
规模Ⅱ级 | 283~822 | 31 | 17 | 55 | 8 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 19 | ||||
规模Ⅲ级 | 96~283 | 162 | 39 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 21 | 13 | 99 | 61 | ||||
规模Ⅳ级 | <96 | 455 | 70 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 202 | 44 | 183 | 40 |
Fig. 3 The spatial distribution of different coupling types of rank-size distributions of urban floating population and total population in 1990图3 1990年城市流动人口及其总人口位序规模分布不同耦合类型的空间分布图 |
Fig. 4 The spatial distribution of different coupling types of rank-size distributions of urban floating population and total population in 2000图4 2000年城市流动人口及其总人口位序规模分布不同耦合类型的空间分布图 |
Fig. 5 The spatial distribution of different coupling types of rank-size distributions of urban floating population and total population in 2010图5 2010年城市流动人口及其总人口位序规模分布不同耦合类型的空间分布图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
[
|
[2] |
[
|
[3] |
国家人口和计划生育委员会流动人口服务管理司. 中国流动人口发展报告2011. 北京: 中国人口出版社, 2011.
[National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China. Report on China's Migrant Population Development 2011. Beijing: China Population Publishing House, 2011.]
|
[4] |
[
|
[5] |
[
|
[6] |
[
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
[
|
[10] |
[
|
[11] |
[
|
[12] |
[
|
[13] |
[
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
[
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
[
|
[20] |
[
|
[21] |
[
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |