西班牙交通基础设施与城市体系建设
作者简介:Lois-González Rubén C(1961- ),男,教授,研究方向为城市与区域规划。E-mail: rubencamilo.lois@usc.es
收稿日期: 2016-03-12
要求修回日期: 2016-06-03
网络出版日期: 2016-07-26
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDA026)
Large transport infrastructures in the transformation of the Spanish urban system
Received date: 2016-03-12
Request revised date: 2016-06-03
Online published: 2016-07-26
Copyright
从社会和地方融合、均衡性与土地异质性、交通网等级体系和支路网与交通可持续性四个角度探讨西班牙交通基础设施网建设对土地开发和土地规划相关国家法规的影响。从城市地理学视角分析中央政府基于改善城市和区域连接度和可达性进行的高速公路网、高铁网、机场和港口等交通基础设施规划,通过1950年代以来土地开发和房价涨跌、新兴产业培育和交通状况改善刺激不同级别城市蔓延和分化的人口增长,重塑西班牙国家城市体系格局。随后,概括了蔓延的城市增长模式和房地产与交通投资泡沫破裂后带给区域增长中心的影响,对通过交通基础设施规划进行投机性投资政策进行了批评。最后建议中央政府应该避免投机投资行为,基于现有的城市体系层级改善核心城市和大城市周边的机动性,优化基础设施建设,建立新的城市与区域增长模式。
Lois-GonzálezRubénC , Piñeira-MantiñánMJ , 翟炜 , 顾朝林 . 西班牙交通基础设施与城市体系建设[J]. 地理研究, 2016 , 35(7) : 1353 -1369 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201607011
In Spain's urban context, the 2008 world-wide economic crisis has not only disclosed the existence of a housing bubble but also revealed the important role of transport infrastructure investments in the Second Circuit of the Capital. The development of transport infrastructures is highly progressive in Spain, since there have been increasing European investments and it is quite easy to obtain credit for large transport projects. As a result, a huge amount of high-capacity roads and high-speed railways are built. However, the radial transport layout focuses too much on the capital city and thus leaving other cities somehow disconnected. Furthermore, the development of transport infrastructures are mainly based on political and economic considerations, which results in an underused transport systems. This article analyzes the importance of transport infrastructures in the urban expansion process in Spain, as well as discusses the impact of transport infrastructures on the metropolitanization process and on the newly-formed urban structures. Finally, this article highlights the existence of transport infrastructure bubbles and their aftereffects.
Key words: transport; economic crisis; planning; Spain
Fig. 1 Spanish GDP per capita in 2009图1 2009年西班牙人均GDP |
Fig. 2 Viaduct on the Cantabrian motorway and water seepage in Pajares Tunnel in Spain图2 西班牙坎塔布连山高速公路的高架桥和帕哈雷斯隧道渗水 |
Fig. 3 Spanish towns and cities with more than 100000 inhabitants in 1950图3 1950年西班牙10万以上人口的城镇分布 |
Fig. 4 Spanish towns and cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in 1980图4 1980年西班牙10万以上人口的城镇分布 |
Fig. 5 Spanish towns and cities with more than 100000 inhabitants in 2011图5 2011年西班牙10万以上人口的城镇分布 |
Tab. 1 Travelling time from home to work in municipalities with more than 100000 inhabitants near Barcelona in Spain (min)表1 西班牙巴塞罗那附近10万人城镇通勤时间(min) |
巴塞罗那地区 | >10 | 10~19 | 20~29 | 30~44 | 45~59 | 60~90 | >90 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
巴达洛纳 | 14.06 | 21.04 | 21.51 | 24.93 | 11.55 | 6.06 | 0.85 |
巴塞罗那 | 11.21 | 24.35 | 28.79 | 23.15 | 8.86 | 3.20 | 0.44 |
霍斯皮塔雷特略夫雷加特 | 10.61 | 23.41 | 26.32 | 25.07 | 10.04 | 3.79 | 0.76 |
马塔罗 | 19.25 | 33.33 | 18.26 | 13.82 | 7.80 | 6.70 | 0.83 |
萨瓦德尔 | 15.17 | 33.89 | 23.61 | 13.71 | 7.51 | 5.32 | 0.78 |
圣科洛马 | 8.97 | 19.03 | 21.70 | 25.92 | 16.75 | 6.74 | 0.89 |
塔拉萨 | 17.51 | 31.77 | 21.27 | 14.61 | 7.99 | 6.02 | 0.84 |
总计 | 12.35 | 25.40 | 26.42 | 21.89 | 9.26 | 4.10 | 0.59 |
注:数据来源于西班牙国家统计局。 |
Tab. 2 Travelling time from home to work in municipalities with more than 100000 inhabitants near Madrid in Spain (min)表2 西班牙马德里附近10万人城镇通勤时间(min) |
马德里地区 | >10 | 10~19 | 20~29 | 30~44 | 45~59 | 60~90 | 90 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
阿尔埃 | 13.07 | 27.37 | 19.65 | 16.69 | 10.58 | 10.59 | 2.05 |
阿尔科文达斯 | 16.82 | 30.71 | 25.14 | 15.24 | 6.72 | 4.74 | 0.64 |
阿尔科孔 | 9.39 | 20.65 | 18.14 | 20.76 | 19.52 | 10.57 | 0.96 |
富恩拉夫拉达 | 9.74 | 23.73 | 18.84 | 16.22 | 14.54 | 14.92 | 2.01 |
赫塔菲 | 11.52 | 25.27 | 18.31 | 17.83 | 14.88 | 10.20 | 1.99 |
雷加利斯 | 8.87 | 22.28 | 19.75 | 17.39 | 16.47 | 13.77 | 1.47 |
莫斯托莱斯 | 8.89 | 20.67 | 17.69 | 18.40 | 16.53 | 15.56 | 2.26 |
帕拉 | 10.23 | 20.53 | 17.36 | 16.82 | 13.95 | 17.50 | 3.62 |
阿尔多斯 | 11.73 | 27.22 | 21.79 | 16.84 | 11.23 | 9.20 | 1.99 |
总计 | 10.87 | 24.00 | 19.38 | 17.46 | 14.21 | 12.20 | 1.88 |
注:数据来源于西班牙国家统计局。 |
Fig. 6 Spanish main towns and cities with high population density图6 西班牙高密度人口的城市 |
Fig. 7 Investment for transport infrastructures in Spain (2001-2013)图7 2001-2013年西班牙交通基础设施投资结构 |
Fig. 8 Evolution of public investment in Spain图8 西班牙基础设施投资占GDP百分比的变化 |
Fig. 9 Spanish high-speed train network in 2001图9 2001年西班牙高速铁路网 |
Fig. 10 Spanish high-speed train network in 2013图10 2013年西班牙高速铁路网 |
Fig. 11 High-speed train network plan in Spain图11 西班牙高速铁路网规划 |
Fig. 12 Plan for Zaragoz Barrio del AVE in Spain图12 西班牙萨拉戈萨巴里奥卡大街规划 |
Fig. 13 Connection to the high-speed train (AVE) at Ciudad Real airport in Spain图13 西班牙雷阿尔城机场与高铁站的连接栈桥 |
Fig. 14 Urban renovation of Cartagena and Malaga ports of Spain图14 西班牙卡塔赫纳和马拉加港的城市更新 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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