技术扩散还是效率优先——基于“美团网”的中国O2O电子商务空间渗透探讨
作者简介:史坤博(1990- ),男,河南商水人,博士,研究方向为城市与区域规划、信息地理与智慧城市。E-mail: shikb10@lzu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2017-10-15
要求修回日期: 2018-01-05
网络出版日期: 2018-04-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41571155)
Innovation diffusion hypothesis or efficiency hypothesis: Spatial penetration of online-to-offline e-commerce in China based on Meituan.com
Received date: 2017-10-15
Request revised date: 2018-01-05
Online published: 2018-04-20
Copyright
关于电子商务的空间发展问题,学界提出了技术扩散假说和效率假说。技术扩散假说认为发达城市地区的电子商务发展更好,效率假说则认为欠发达城市地区的电子商务发展更好,两者内涵存在明显争议。以中国286个地级市的O2O电子商务为例,采用空间计量模型、多元线性回归等方法,尝试探讨了其空间发展更倾向于技术扩散还是效率优先。结果表明:① 中国O2O电子商务的规模指数在空间上呈现出由东部沿海向西北内陆逐渐递减的等级式特征,但其发展水平指数的空间格局表现出均质化特征,其渗透指数呈现出由东部沿海向西北内陆逐渐递增的“逆等级”式空间格局。② 实体商业对O2O电子商务的发展具有显著约束力,但交通条件对其具有明显的促进作用,因此,中国O2O电子商务的空间发展更倾向遵循效率假说内涵,但也并非完全契合于该假说。③ 中国O2O电子商务“逆等级”式的空间格局对欠发达城市地区实体商业有更强的促进作用,这会引导中国宏观商业格局趋于均质化。
史坤博 , 杨永春 , 白硕 , 李恩龙 , 陈丹 . 技术扩散还是效率优先——基于“美团网”的中国O2O电子商务空间渗透探讨[J]. 地理研究, 2018 , 37(4) : 783 -796 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201804012
Two hypotheses about the spatial development of urban e-commerce are proposed herein. The innovation diffusion hypothesis surmises e-commerce exhibits better development in strongly urbanized areas than that in weakly urbanized areas. However, the efficiency hypothesis asserts there is better development in weakly urbanized areas. Obviously, the path the spatial development of urban e-commerce follows is a debated topic. In the context of the two hypotheses, we take online-to-offline (O2O) e-commerce of 286 Chinese prefecture-level cities as a research sample, and adopt spatial analysis models and multilinear regression to explore which hypothesis spatial patterns of e-commerce in China follow. The results indicate, first, the spatial pattern of comprehensive size of O2O e-commerce follows a hierarchy of decreasing from China's east coast to the inland areas. However, the development level of such e-commerce follows uniform spatial distribution, and its penetration level follows a "reverse hierarchy" of increasing from the east coast to the inland area. Second, in weakly urbanized areas, less-developed traditional commerce (physical stores) promotes development of O2O e-commerce. Thus, the spatial pattern of O2O e-commerce in China tends to follow the efficiency hypothesis. However, the development level of traffic has a promoting effect on O2O e-commerce development. This is contrary to the efficiency hypothesis. Therefore, the efficiency hypothesis is not absolutely suitable for explaining the spatial development of O2O e-commerce in China. Finally, the reverse hierarchy spatial pattern of O2O e-commerce has a greater promoting effect on the development of traditional commerce in weakly urbanized areas, which will lead to uniform distribution of urban commerce in China.
Tab. 1 Evaluation index system of comprehensive size and development level of traditional commerce and O2O e-commerce in China表1 中国实体商业和O2O电子商务综合规模和发展水平评价指标体系 |
评价对象 | 评价指标 |
---|---|
实体商业 | 限额以上批发零售贸易业商品销售总额(万元) |
限额以上批发零售贸易企业数(法人数)(个) | |
社会消费品零售总额(万元) | |
O2O电子商务 | 餐饮类电子商务信息数量(条) |
娱乐类电子商务信息数量(条) | |
生活服务类电子商务信息数量(条) | |
酒店类电子商务信息数量(条) |
Tab. 2 Support index system of innovation diffusion hypothesis and efficiency hypothesis表2 技术扩散假说与效率假说的支撑性指标体系 |
假说名称 | 指标体系 | 指标编号 | 对应的前提条件 |
---|---|---|---|
技术扩散假说 | 平均受教育年限(年) | IN1 | 高学历 |
城镇居民人均可支配收入(元) | IN2 | 高收入 | |
20~40岁人口占常住人口比例(%) | IN3 | 年轻化 | |
人均移动电话年末用户数(户) | IN4 | 能够熟练使用互联网工具 | |
人均互联网宽带接入用户数(户) | IN5 | ||
效率假说 | 实体商业发展水平指数 | EF1 | 实体商业市场不发达 |
人均公共汽(电)车客运量(人次) | EF2 | 商业可达性较差 | |
年末每万人实有出租汽车数(辆) | EF3 | ||
每万人拥有公共汽车(辆) | EF4 | ||
人均城市道路面积(m2) | EF5 |
Fig. 1 Spatial pattern of development of traditional commerce in China图1 中国实体商业的空间发展格局 |
Fig. 2 Spatial pattern of development of O2O e-commerce in China图2 中国O2O电子商务的空间发展格局 |
Fig. 3 Spatial pattern of penetration level of O2O e-commerce in China图3 中国O2O电子商务渗透指数的空间格局 |
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of hot/cold areas of O2O e-commerce based on penetration level in China图4 中国O2O电子商务渗透指数的冷热点分布 |
Fig. 5 Logical path between innovation diffusion hypothesis and efficiency hypothesis and the development level of O2O e-commerce图5 技术扩散假说和效率假说分别与O2O电子商务发展关系的逻辑路径图 |
Tab. 3 Correlation analysis between urbanization level and support indexes of innovation diffusion hypothesis表3 城市化水平指数与技术扩散假说支撑指标的相关性分析 |
IN1 | IN2 | IN3 | IN4 | IN5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
城市化水平指数 | 0.716** | 0.674** | 0.630** | 0.682** | 0.451** |
注:**表示在0.01水平上显著。 |
Tab. 4 Correlation analysis between urbanization level and support indexes of efficiency hypothesis表4 城市化水平指数与效率假说支撑指标的相关性分析 |
EF1 | EF2 | EF3 | EF4 | EF5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
城市化水平指数 | 0.599** | 0.618** | 0.502** | 0.697** | 0.463** |
注:**表示在0.01水平上显著。 |
Tab. 5 Multi-linear regression between penetration level of O2O e-commerce and support indexes of the two hypotheses in China表5 中国O2O电子商务渗透指数与假说支撑指标之间的线性回归结果 |
变量 | 非标准化系数 | 标准化系数 | t | Sig. | 共线性检验 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | 标准误差 | 容差 | VIF | ||||
(常量) | 6.119 | 5.514 | 1.110 | 0.268 | |||
ln(IN1) | -0.675 | 1.035 | -0.060 | -0.652 | 0.515 | 0.355 | 2.820 |
ln(IN2) | -0.407 | 0.438 | -0.085 | -0.930 | 0.353 | 0.360 | 2.775 |
ln(IN3) | 0.437 | 0.660 | 0.054 | 0.662 | 0.508 | 0.450 | 2.224 |
ln(IN4) | 0.408 | 0.347 | 0.122 | 1.178 | 0.240 | 0.284 | 3.518 |
ln(IN5) | 0.209 | 0.180 | 0.103 | 1.162 | 0.246 | 0.384 | 2.602 |
ln(EF1) | -0.926 | 0.189 | -0.445 | -4.903 | 0.000 | 0.368 | 2.715 |
ln(EF2) | 0.031 | 0.092 | 0.033 | 0.337 | 0.736 | 0.318 | 3.144 |
ln(EF3) | 0.228 | 0.106 | 0.209 | 2.151 | 0.032 | 0.321 | 3.112 |
ln(EF4) | 0.201 | 0.131 | 0.140 | 1.542 | 0.124 | 0.369 | 2.711 |
ln(EF5) | -0.045 | 0.134 | -0.025 | -0.340 | 0.734 | 0.542 | 1.844 |
统计检验 | |||||||
R2 | 0.183 | ||||||
调整R2 | 0.152 | ||||||
F | 6.015 | ||||||
Sig. | 0.000 | ||||||
DW | 1.822 | ||||||
样本量 | 286 |
Fig. 6 Relationship between urbanization level and penetration index in China图6 中国城市化水平与O2O电子商务渗透指数的关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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