学位论文开题报告设计:极易被忽视的重要环节——以人文—经济地理学为例
作者简介:汪德根(1973- ),男,安徽黄山人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事城市与区域规划和高铁效应研究。E-mail: wdg713@163.com
收稿日期: 2017-12-11
要求修回日期: 2018-03-10
网络出版日期: 2018-06-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41471125,41771125)
中国科协精品科技期刊工程“中国地理资源期刊集群的持续建设与实践”
The design of dissertation proposal, an important aspect highly prone to being neglected: A case study of Human-economic Geography
Received date: 2017-12-11
Request revised date: 2018-03-10
Online published: 2018-06-10
Copyright
实施“科教兴国”战略离不开创新型科研人才,而研究生教育是培养创新型人才的重要途径。学位论文成为衡量研究生培养质量的重要标尺,作为学位论文的源头——开题报告很大程度上决定着学位论文的学术水平与品质,成为研究生创新能力培养的关键环节。而在现实中,学位论文开题报告冷落到“读之乏味,弃之难行”的“鸡肋”尴尬地位。以人文—经济地理学为例,对开题报告的“鸡肋”尴尬现象进行剖析并揭示背后推手;从认知、技能和设计等层面阐述成功设计开题报告的3个关键抓手:一是高屋建瓴认知到开题报告的“验前导后”枢纽作用;二是锻造简练揣摩的学术技能,尤其详述开题报告篇幅占比最大的文献综述及启示的技能,即文献挑选技能、文献阅读技能、文献述评技能——避堆砌、寻关联、增研值、亮突口和明观点等设计要领;三是远见卓识地深入设计开题报告,特别要掌握开题报告中最重要四部分——论文题目及摘要、选题依据、文献综述及启示、论文研究方案等内容的设计要领。
汪德根 . 学位论文开题报告设计:极易被忽视的重要环节——以人文—经济地理学为例[J]. 地理研究, 2018 , 37(6) : 1238 -1250 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201806013
Postgraduate education is an important way to cultivate innovative talents, which is of great significance for implementing the national strategy of Rejuvenating China through Science and Technology. Accordingly, dissertation is used as a major indicator to evaluate the quality of postgraduate training program. Dissertation proposal, as a start of dissertation, will determine the level and quality of dissertation to a large extent, thus, it also play an important part in cultivating the innovation ability of postgraduates. In reality, dissertation proposal is largely ignored, which makes it like a "chicken rib", distasteful and boring to read but its existence is still necessary. The paper will analyze this phenomenon and reveals the reasons behind. The three significant sections of an excellent proposal design are demonstrated from cognition, skill and design aspects. The paper can help realize the pivotal role of "verification and guidance" of the proposal; acquire the academic skills such as simplification; acquire the academic skills on selecting, reading, and reviewing literature for the designing of literature review and enlightenment sections, which occupy a large proportion of dissertation proposal. Avoiding piling up, searching for correlation, increasing research significance, finding a breakthrough, and elaborating a point are essential factors for a dissertation proposal. The proposal should be designed with a far sighted view, especially for these four important parts: title and abstract, topic basis, literature review and enlightenment, and research design.
Fig. 1 The pivotal role of academic dissertation proposal in terms of "verification and guidance"图1 学位论文开题报告的“验前导后”枢纽作用 |
Tab. 1 The six techniques and features of literature reading表1 文献阅读技能各阶段及特点 |
阶段 | 类型 | 特点 | |
---|---|---|---|
初级 | 第一阶段 | 选择阅读 | 亦指“泛读”,即一般性阅读。从题目、摘要、研究方法、研究结论、图表等方面快速浏览,了解文献表面特征,按照高档次、最新和经典等三原则挑选出重要文献,为以后仔细阅读打基础。这一过程也可称为海量阅读 |
第二阶段 | 仔细阅读 | 亦指“精读”。对挑选出来的重要文献进行仔细阅读,并按照研究领域、研究方法、研究观点等层面进行文献归类,进而为自己着手研究的课题从研究思路、研究方法和研究框架获得启发 | |
中级 | 第三阶段 | 反复阅读 | 对于重要文献,尤其对来自高档次期刊或权威学者的一时看不懂文献,一遍看后不能束之高阁,而应做相应文献标记,定期反复阅读,随着知识积累,阅读能力提高,逐步掌握难度较大的文献 |
第四阶段 | 比较阅读 | 把高档次期刊文献和权威学者文献,与一般文献对比,探寻出优秀文献的可取之处,对自己有何启发。比较同一领域不同研究视角、不同研究方法和不同研究框架的文献,吸取共性和个性的知识,为自己开展研究提供借鉴 | |
高级 | 第五阶段 | 思考阅读 | 也指“带着问题阅读”。文献一般要解决一个问题,同时提出了更多新的问题。读完一篇文献后思考:本文解决了什么问题?提出了哪些新问题?能给自己研究激发出idea吗 |
第六阶段 | 评价阅读 | 总结从文献中学到哪些知识,分要点列出来,如“研究视角”“研究方法”“研究框架”“图表制作”等,然后做出评价:哪些做得好,哪些做的不足;好与不好对自己开展研究产生哪些影响;能为自己研究带来哪些启迪等 |
Fig. 2 The framework and its design gist of academic dissertation proposal图2 学位论文开题报告框架体系及设计要领 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
[
|
[2] |
[
|
[3] |
[
|
[4] |
[
|
[5] |
[
|
[6] |
[
|
[7] |
[
|
[8] |
[
|
[9] |
[
|
[10] |
[
|
[11] |
[
|
[12] |
[
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
[
|
[16] |
[
|
[17] |
[
|
[18] |
[
|
[19] |
[
|
[20] |
[
|
[21] |
[
|
[22] |
[
|
[23] |
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |