中国精准扶贫驻村帮扶工作成效及其影响因素
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童春阳(1997-),女,湖北襄阳人,硕士,主要从事农村减贫与发展研究。E-mail: tongcy. 18s@igsnrr.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2019-05-23
要求修回日期: 2019-09-24
网络出版日期: 2020-07-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41871183)
国家自然科学基金项目(41601172)
版权
Achievements and influencing factors of help the poor in village in China's targeted poverty alleviation
Received date: 2019-05-23
Request revised date: 2019-09-24
Online published: 2020-07-20
Copyright
基于全国6378个村的驻村帮扶数据样本,本研究分析了精准扶贫工作中驻村帮扶措施的实施与进展状况,并用计量方法识别了影响驻村帮扶成效的主要因素,测度了帮扶工作的减贫效应。驻村帮扶队伍主要由县级单位派出的男性干部组成,平均年龄为42岁且学历以大专大学为主;驻村干部采取的帮扶措施保持了因村施策原则,具体包括“输血式”与“造血式”帮扶;帮扶项目的实施和成效具有明显的地域特征,总体上西部优于中部;驻村帮扶成效受到多重因素影响,干部的年龄、学历和派出单位等个人特征会影响减贫人口的数量,驻村工作队采取的扶贫措施主要会影响教育卫生等基础设施的改善。研究结果将有助于为顺利推进中国精准扶贫和乡村振兴有效衔接提供理论依据和决策支持。
童春阳 , 周扬 . 中国精准扶贫驻村帮扶工作成效及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2020 , 39(5) : 1128 -1138 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020190423
In response to the UN goal of sustainable development and poverty eradication in 2030, the Chinese government put forward and implemented the national strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in 2014. Scholars have carried out much research from the perspective of poverty factors, poverty types and spatial poverty traps, etc., but the empirical research and policy analysis of specific poverty alleviation measures have not been given enough attention. Based on the data samples of 6378 villages in China, this study analyzed the implementation and progress of the village based assistance measures in the targeted poverty alleviation work, identified the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the village based assistance with the measurement method, and measured the poverty reduction effect of the assistance work. The results show that the first secretary of the village assistance is mainly composed of male cadres sent by county-level units, with an average age of 42 years and education background mainly from universities. During the implementation of the work, the principle of adopting different village strategies according to the needs has been maintained. The specific assistance measures include the development of industry, the cultivation of labor force, the transformation of houses, and the hardening of roads. There are obvious regional differences in the implementation and achievements of these measures. Generally speaking, the poverty alleviation work in the western region is better than that in the central region. The empirical results of the econometric model show that the effect of the assistance work in the village is affected by multiple factors, and the personal characteristics of the first secretary, such as age, education background and work unit, has significant impact on poverty reduction. At the same time, the poverty alleviation measures taken by the task force have a far-reaching significance for improving the public infrastructure in poor areas. The research results will be helpful to provide theoretical basis and decision support for the smooth promotion of the effective connection between targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in China.
表1 样本来源省份分布Tab. 1 Distribution of the number of samples in various provincial-level regions |
| 省份 | 县数(个) | 村数(个) |
|---|---|---|
| 四川 | 8 | 570 |
| 贵州 | 8 | 818 |
| 广西 | 7 | 697 |
| 云南 | 7 | 274 |
| 河北 | 6 | 479 |
| 安徽 | 6 | 25 |
| 湖北 | 6 | 305 |
| 湖南 | 6 | 370 |
| 江西 | 5 | 410 |
| 甘肃 | 5 | 408 |
| 河南 | 5 | 462 |
| 山西 | 4 | 349 |
| 内蒙 | 4 | 238 |
| 吉林 | 4 | 269 |
| 海南 | 4 | 50 |
| 重庆 | 4 | 318 |
| 西藏 | 4 | 106 |
| 陕西 | 3 | 149 |
| 新疆 | 2 | 13 |
| 宁夏 | 1 | 68 |
| 合计 | 99 | 6378 |
表2 驻村帮扶背景变量描述分析Tab. 2 Description of the background variables in the village support |
| 变量(单位) | 观察值 | 平均值 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一书记性别(0=女性,1=男性) | 6378 | 0.903 |
| 第一书记年龄(岁) | 6378 | 42.020 |
| 受教育年限(年) | 6378 | 15.560 |
| 第一书记派出单位*(1,2,3,4,5) | 6378 | 3.813 |
| “造血式”帮扶措施(0=否,1=是) | 6378 | 0.743 |
| “输血式”帮扶措施(0=否,1=是) | 6378 | 0.817 |
| 其他帮扶措施(0=否,1=是) | 6378 | 0.173 |
| 驻村工作队人数(人) | 6298 | 4.816 |
| 工作队帮扶户数(户) | 5891 | 17.640 |
| 2014年减贫人数(人) | 5114 | 85 |
| 2015年减贫人数(人) | 5450 | 110 |
| 2016年减贫人数(人) | 5750 | 123 |
| 2014年村集体收入(元) | 5652 | 20263 |
| 2015年村集体收入(元) | 5802 | 25608 |
| 2016年村集体收入(元) | 6378 | 49962 |
| 健康卫生成效(0=否,1=是) | 6378 | 0.315 |
| 文化教育成效(0=否,1=是) | 6378 | 0.518 |
注:*表示第一书记派出单位:第1级由中组部派出;第2级由省组织部派出;第3级由市组织部派出;第4级由县组织部派出;第5级由其他单位如乡镇或企事业单位派出。 |
表3 驻村帮扶成效的回归分析Tab.3 Regression analysis of the effectiveness of resident assistance in villages |
| 变量 | 减贫人口 | 健康卫生 | 文化教育 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全国 | 中部 | 西部 | 全国 | 中部 | 西部 | 全国 | 中部 | 西部 | |||
| 驻村帮扶措施 | |||||||||||
| 造血式扶贫 | 7.452 | -4.024 | 15.801* | 0.660*** | 0.869*** | 0.442*** | 0.915*** | 0.899*** | 0.875*** | ||
| (5.340) | (6.089) | (8.478) | (0.079) | (0.131) | (0.103) | (0.068) | (0.103) | (0.096) | |||
| 输血式扶贫 | 30.968*** | 20.130*** | 31.398*** | 1.470*** | 1.334*** | 1.436*** | 1.245*** | 1.126*** | 1.113*** | ||
| (6.002) | (6.431) | (10.312) | (0.111) | (0.159) | (0.159) | (0.082) | (0.115) | (0.123) | |||
| 其他帮扶措施 | 12.606** | 9.594 | 9.972 | 0.105 | 0.161 | 0.169* | -0.134* | 0.142 | -0.324*** | ||
| (5.657) | (6.855) | (8.476) | (0.074) | (0.121) | (0.097) | (0.072) | (0.109) | (0.099) | |||
| 帮扶干部背景 | |||||||||||
| 是否为年轻干部 | -12.379*** | -2.346 | -34.946*** | 0.189*** | 0.185* | -0.028 | 0.194*** | 0.285*** | -0.225** | ||
| (4.564) | (5.379) | (7.260) | (0.062) | (0.099) | (0.083) | (0.058) | (0.086) | (0.087) | |||
| 受教育年限 | 4.636*** | -2.478 | 9.908*** | -0.065*** | -0.063 | -0.057** | -0.032 | -0.016 | -0.034 | ||
| (1.676) | (2.113) | (2.414) | (0.022) | (0.039) | (0.028) | (0.022) | (0.034) | (0.029) | |||
| 派出单位等级 | -20.961*** | -13.811*** | -24.927*** | -0.068* | 0.040 | -0.161*** | -0.126*** | -0.065 | -0.226*** | ||
| (2.964) | (3.776) | (4.254) | (0.039) | (0.069) | (0.049) | (0.038) | (0.060) | (0.051) | |||
| 2016年村集体收入 | 5.785*** | 3.805*** | 7.799*** | 0.031*** | 0.047*** | 0.016** | 0.048*** | 0.022*** | 0.067*** | ||
| (0.431) | (0.523) | (0.650) | (0.006) | (0.010) | (0.008) | (0.006) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |||
| 驻村干部人数 | 0.168 | 1.301*** | -4.091*** | 0.016*** | 0.015** | 0.068*** | 0.023*** | 0.021*** | 0.064*** | ||
| (0.439) | (0.405) | (1.078) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.014) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.017) | |||
| 常数项 | 70.265** | 155.229*** | 30.863 | -1.725*** | -2.635*** | -1.062** | -1.183*** | -1.881*** | -0.285 | ||
| (31.036) | (39.004) | (44.943) | (0.421) | (0.724) | (0.526) | (0.401) | (0.636) | (0.540) | |||
| 观察值个数 | 6298 | 2665 | 3633 | 6298 | 2665 | 3633 | 6298 | 2665 | 3633 | ||
| R的平方 | 0.053 | 0.032 | 0.079 | ||||||||
注:括号内为系数的t检验值;***、**和*分别代表系数的估计值在1%、5%和10%的水平上显著异于0。 |
感谢三位匿名评审专家在论文评审中提出的宝贵建议,从中受益匪浅。
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